Democratization and revolution in the USSR: 1985 - 1991
Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985-1991 presents a strikingly new view of the Gorbachev era and the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union. Written by one of America's most distinguished specialists on the former Soviet Union, this is the first comprehensive overview of the...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
Brookings Institution Press
1997
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985-1991 presents a strikingly new view of the Gorbachev era and the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union. Written by one of America's most distinguished specialists on the former Soviet Union, this is the first comprehensive overview of the Gorbachev period, which it describes as a real revolution; not mere "reform." According to Hough, despite Mikhail Gorbachev's talk of a regulated market, he never understood that a market must be created on a solid institutional and legal base. Hough explains that Gorbachev was not alone in thinking that the destruction of old institutions was enough to unleash a market. Westerners also talked of leaping a chasm in a single jump, as if democratic and market institutions existed precreated on the other side. But precisely because Gorbachev (and later Boris Yeltsin) was encouraged in all his worst mistakes by Western advice, his failure has crucial implications for Western thinking about the process of democratization and marketization. This unprecedented book explores those implications in depth. |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 542 S. |
| ISBN: | 0815737483 0815737491 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985-1991 presents a strikingly new view of the Gorbachev era and the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union. Written by one of America's most distinguished specialists on the former Soviet Union, this is the first comprehensive overview of the Gorbachev period, which it describes as a real revolution; not mere "reform." According to Hough, despite Mikhail Gorbachev's talk of a regulated market, he never understood that a market must be created on a solid institutional and legal base. Hough explains that Gorbachev was not alone in thinking that the destruction of old institutions was enough to unleash a market. Westerners also talked of leaping a chasm in a single jump, as if democratic and market institutions existed precreated on the other side. But precisely because Gorbachev (and later Boris Yeltsin) was encouraged in all his worst mistakes by Western advice, his failure has crucial implications for Western thinking about the process of democratization and marketization. This unprecedented book explores those implications in depth. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126014682431488 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | JERRY F HOUGH
DEMOCRATIZATION
AND REVOLUTION
IN THE USSR,
1985-1991
BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS
Washington, D C
Contents
1 Introduction 1
Competing Views of Revolution and Democratization 5
The Soviet Revolution in Theoretical Perspective 8
Implications for the Structure of the Book 13
The Intellectual Assumptions of Reform 16
2 Prelude to Revolution 23
The Social Base of the Communist Revolution 25
Communism, Job Creation, and Economic Security 31
Communism and Psychological Security 37
The Equilibrium of the Mid-1970s 41
The Changing Social Structure of the Brezhnev Period 44
Elite Attitudes and Revolution 57
Conclusion 58
3 Gorbachev s Ascent and the Circular Flow of Power 61
Gorbachev s Path to Power 64
The Circular Flow of Power 80
Yury Andropov and the Kirilenko Machine 86
Gorbachev and the Kirilenko Machine 90
The Russian Republic and the Circular Flow of Power 99
4 The Tragedy of Economic Reform 103
The Start of Economic Reform 706
The Problem of Price Imbalances 777
The Controversy over Price Reform 114
xi
Xii CONTENTS
The Radical Economists and the Command-Administrative
System 77S
Gorbachev and Ryzhkov on Price Reform 123
Gorbachev and the Radical Economists 135
5 Democratization and the 1989 USSR Election 140
Political Liberalization 142
Democratization 148
The Creation of a New Legislature 756
The Candidates 767
Paradoxes of the 1989 USSR Election 764
The USSR Congress 769
6 Foreign and Domestic Policy and the Issue of
Eastern Europe 175
Gorbachev s Foreign Policy Team 7 77
The Soviet Debate on Entente 189
Gorbachev s Foreign Policy 792
Attitudes toward Eastern Europe 796
Policy toward Eastern Europe 798
Conclusion 209
7 Soviet Federalism and the Problem of Russia 214
The Peculiarities of Soviet Federalism 276
Lenin s and Stalin s Policy on National Identity 227
The Non-Russian Republics 227
The National Identity of the Russians 238
The Economic Grievances of Russia 241
The Problem of the Autonomous Republics 245
8 The End of Communist Party Rule 249
Gorbachev s Other Options 257
The Communist Party and Economic Reform 255
Gorbachev and the Communist Party 258
The Anxiety of the Summer and Fall of 1989 262
The End of the Party s Leading Role 266
The Creation of a Presidency and the Destruction of the Party 269
The Failure of the Communists as a Parliamentary Party 273
9 The 1990 Russian Election 278
The Russian Legislature 279
The Candidates 283
CONTENTS Xlll
The Election 290
Pre-Congress Negotiations and the Development of Group
Politics 298
The Election of Boris Yeltsin as Chairman of the Supreme
Soviet 304
The Moderate Majority 308
10 The Struggle between Gorbachev and Yeltsin 315
The Origins of the Conflict 577
The Comeback of Boris Yeltsin 325
Gorbachev s Calculations about Yeltsin 329
Yeltsin as Chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet 332
Yeltsin and the Russian Congress 555
11 The Controversy over Economic Reform 341
The Growing Sophistication of the Economic Debate 342
The Failure of the Abalkin Plan 348
The Battle of Radicals and Conservatives 352
The Political Destruction of Nikolai Ryzhkov 357
The Craziness of the 500-Day Plan 567
12 The Union Treaty 373
Toward a Republic-Dominated Union 374
The Union Treaty 376
The Subjects of the Federation 381
The Russian Declaration of Sovereignty 386
The First Draft of the Union Treaty 390
The Hysteria of the Winter of 1990-91 394
Gorbachev s Position 399
13 The Russian Presidential Election and the August
Coup d Etat 404
The Establishment of an Elected Russian President 405
The Alliance with Aleksandr Rutskoi 410
The Union Treaty and the Russian Presidency 475
The Election for President 420
The August Coup D Etat 422
The Mystery of Gorbachev 432
The Mystery of the Conspirators Plans 437
The Military and the Logic of Collective Action 443
XIV CONTENTS
14 Economic Options and the Breakup of the Union 449
Gorbachev after the Coup 450
The Two Economic Strategies and Russian Independence 456
The Victory of the Burbulis-Gaidar Position 464
Dilemmas of the Democrats about Democracy 470
The Dissolution of the Soviet Union 477
The Mystery of the Soviet Military 483
/
15 Conclusion 490
The Character of the Second Russian Revolution 495
The Importance of Institutions and Incentives 504
Democracy and Democratization 570
The Implications for American Policy 578
Index 527
Tables
1 -1 Indicators of Changing Living Standards, Selected Years,
1970-90 16
2-1 Attitudes toward Economic Reform, Survey Respondents
Aged 18 to 59, by Level of Employment, December 1993 26
2-2 Attitudes toward Privatization of State Property, Survey
Respondents Aged 18 to 59, by Level of Employment,
December 1993 27
2-3 Distribution of Votes for Bolshevik Candidates for the
Constituent Assembly, by Region, December 1917 29
2-4 Soviet Citizens Completing Secondary Education or Higher,
by Age Group, Selected Years, 1959-89 46
2-5 Distribution of Workers by Type and Status of Occupation,
2-6 Worker Attitudes toward the Communist Party, by Age Group
and Size of Place of Residence, 1993 49
2-7 Distribution of Employment, by Country and Sector, 1990 50
3-1 Distribution of Male Officials Elected to the Central Committee
and Central Auditing Commission, by Period of Birth and
Economic Sector, 1981 67
3-2 Employment and Age Distribution of Central Committee
Voting Members, March 1985 79
5-1 Occupations of Candidates in One-Candidate Elections,
USSR and Russia, USSR Elections for Congress of People s
Deputies, 1989 162
CONTENTS XV
5-2 Candidates in Territorial Districts of Russia, by Size and
Type of District, USSR Election for Congress of People s
Deputies, 1989 163
5-3 Occupations of Candidates and Deputies from Russia in the
USSR Legislature, 1984,1989 164
5-4 Average Voting Score of USSR Council of Union Deputies,
Second and Third Congresses, by Region and Population of
Largest City in Electoral District 168
6-1 Central European Communist Leaders Age and Years
in Office 199
6-2 U S Investment in China, 1979-93 205
7-1 Population and Ethnicity of Union Republics, 1989 228
7-2 Assimilation in Ukraine, by Region, 1991 231
7-3 Indigenous Population in Central Asian Capitals, 1959,1989 237
7-4 Russians Living in Republican Capitals Who Know the Local
Language, 1979,1989 241
7-5 Fluency in Local Language among Russians in Tashkent,
1974, and Tallinn, 1974,1988, by Length of Residence 242
7-6 Ethnic Composition of Population in the Autonomous
Republics of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist
Republic, by Religion of the Indigenous Population, 1989 246
8-1 Characteristics of Obkom First Secretaries in the Russian
Republic, 1985-91 275
9-1 Average Number of Candidates, 1989 USSR Election and
1990 Russian Election, by Type of Russian District and
Most Populous City 285
9-2 Occupations of Deputies in the Russian Supreme Soviet,
1985, and the Congress of People s Deputies, 1990 287
9-3 Occupations of Candidates from Territorial Districts,
by Population of Largest Town in District, Russian
1990 Election 288
9-4 Distribution of Deputies, by Political Orientation, First
Congress of People s Deputies, May-June 1990 296
9-5 Political Orientation of Deputies, by Size of City in Which
They Were Elected, RSFSR Territorial Districts, March 1990 297
9-6 Actual and Ideal Numbers of Deputies to the Russian
Congress of Deputies, According to Population and Eligible
Voters, by Size of Largest City in the District, 1990 299
9-7 Pro-Yeltsin and Anti-Yeltsin Votes on Test Votes on Agenda,
First Russian Congress of People s Deputies, May 1990 307
11-1 Income and Expenses of the Soviet Population, 1986-89 344
XVI -CONTENTS
12-1 Distribution of Votes on Party Membership in the Military,
First Congress of People s Deputies, by Deputy Views on
Russian Sovereignty, May-June 1990 391
Figures
15-1 Economic Development and Democratization 517
|
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| id | DE-604.BV011494382 |
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| spelling | Hough, Jerry F. 1935- Verfasser (DE-588)124157254 aut Democratization and revolution in the USSR 1985 - 1991 Jerry F. Hough Washington, DC Brookings Institution Press 1997 XVI, 542 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985-1991 presents a strikingly new view of the Gorbachev era and the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union. Written by one of America's most distinguished specialists on the former Soviet Union, this is the first comprehensive overview of the Gorbachev period, which it describes as a real revolution; not mere "reform." According to Hough, despite Mikhail Gorbachev's talk of a regulated market, he never understood that a market must be created on a solid institutional and legal base. Hough explains that Gorbachev was not alone in thinking that the destruction of old institutions was enough to unleash a market. Westerners also talked of leaping a chasm in a single jump, as if democratic and market institutions existed precreated on the other side. But precisely because Gorbachev (and later Boris Yeltsin) was encouraged in all his worst mistakes by Western advice, his failure has crucial implications for Western thinking about the process of democratization and marketization. This unprecedented book explores those implications in depth. Geschichte 1985-1991 gnd rswk-swf DEMOCRATIZATION unbist Démocratisation - URSS Glasnost POLITICAL CONDITIONS unbist Perestrojka gtt Postcommunisme - URSS USSR unbist Demokratisierung Politik Democratization Soviet Union Post-communism Soviet Union Perestroika (DE-588)4193962-1 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf URSS - Politique et gouvernement - 1985-1991 Sowjetunion Soviet Union Politics and government 1985-1991 Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Perestroika (DE-588)4193962-1 s DE-604 Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Geschichte 1985-1991 z HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007735016&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hough, Jerry F. 1935- Democratization and revolution in the USSR 1985 - 1991 DEMOCRATIZATION unbist Démocratisation - URSS Glasnost POLITICAL CONDITIONS unbist Perestrojka gtt Postcommunisme - URSS USSR unbist Demokratisierung Politik Democratization Soviet Union Post-communism Soviet Union Perestroika (DE-588)4193962-1 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4193962-1 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Democratization and revolution in the USSR 1985 - 1991 |
| title_auth | Democratization and revolution in the USSR 1985 - 1991 |
| title_exact_search | Democratization and revolution in the USSR 1985 - 1991 |
| title_full | Democratization and revolution in the USSR 1985 - 1991 Jerry F. Hough |
| title_fullStr | Democratization and revolution in the USSR 1985 - 1991 Jerry F. Hough |
| title_full_unstemmed | Democratization and revolution in the USSR 1985 - 1991 Jerry F. Hough |
| title_short | Democratization and revolution in the USSR |
| title_sort | democratization and revolution in the ussr 1985 1991 |
| title_sub | 1985 - 1991 |
| topic | DEMOCRATIZATION unbist Démocratisation - URSS Glasnost POLITICAL CONDITIONS unbist Perestrojka gtt Postcommunisme - URSS USSR unbist Demokratisierung Politik Democratization Soviet Union Post-communism Soviet Union Perestroika (DE-588)4193962-1 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | DEMOCRATIZATION Démocratisation - URSS Glasnost POLITICAL CONDITIONS Perestrojka Postcommunisme - URSS USSR Demokratisierung Politik Democratization Soviet Union Post-communism Soviet Union Perestroika URSS - Politique et gouvernement - 1985-1991 Sowjetunion Soviet Union Politics and government 1985-1991 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007735016&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT houghjerryf democratizationandrevolutionintheussr19851991 |