International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises: country studies
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
St. Martin's Pr.
1997
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. in the United States of America |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 504 S. |
| ISBN: | 0312128835 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises |b country studies |c ed. by Peter J. Buckley |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. in the United States of America | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b St. Martin's Pr. |c 1997 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Entwicklungsländer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Technology transfer -- Economic aspects -- Developing countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Small business -- Developing countries | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
Preface xvii
Notes on the Contributors xxi
1 Introduction 1
Peter J. Buckley and Hafiz Mirza
PART I OVERVIEW: THE ROLE OF SMALL AND
MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES IN FOREIGN
DIRECT INVESTMENT
2 Small and Medium sized Enterprises in Foreign Direct
Investment 9
Masataka Fujita
3 Policy Implications 71
Jaime Campos, Javier Cardozo, Alejandro Herrera,
Eduardo White and Marcelo Sierra
PART II TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIERS
4 The Case of Canada 87
Jorge Niosi
5 The Case of France 113
Michel Delapierre
6 The Case of Germany 139
B. Nino Kumar and H. Steinmann
7 The Case of Italy 176
Anna Falzoni and Gianfranco Viesti
8 The Case of Japan 212
Terutomo Ozawa
viii Contents
9 The Case of the United Kingdom 243
Peter J. Buckley and Hafiz Mirza
10 The Case of the United states 280
Benjamin Gomes Casseres and Tomds Kohn
PART III TECHNOLOGY RECIPIENTS
11 The Case of Argentina 299
Eduardo White and Jaime Campos
12 The Case of Brazil 342
Afonso Fleury
13 The Case of India 374
Ashok V. Desai
14 The Case of Korea 406
Won Young Lee
15 The Case of Mexico 432
Miguel H. Mdrquez
16 The Case of Singapore 456
Pang Eng Fong and Annukka Paloheimo
Select Bibliography 478
Index 490
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
6.1 Perspectives of equity and non equity international
cooperation of German industry, 1983 145
8.1 The rising yen and the economic health index of small
business 215
8.2 Major reasons for overseas investments by Japan s
small and large enterprises 231
8.3 Multinationals and technical/technological activity
configurations 233
11.1 Argentina: evolution of gross manufacturing product,
1970 87 309
12.1 SME investment cycles in Brazil 371
Tables
1.1 A typology of international cooperation modes 5
2.1 SMEs: no. of enterprises/establishments, employment,
value of sales and value added, latest available year 11
2.2 Changes in the share of SMEs in trade, various periods/
percentage points 15
2.3 Labour intensity in Japan, FY1980 6 20
2.4 Employment growth, various periods 22
2.5 Labour productivity: sales and value added per
employment, SMEs and large firms 24
2.6 Distribution of innovations by industry, United States,
1982 29
2.7 Manufacturing exports, by country, employment and sales 32
2.8 No. of foreign affiliates of small and medium sized
TNCs based in 18 developed countries, by country of
origin, 1986 7 36
2.9 Geographical distribution of foreign affiliates of small
and medium sized TNCs based in 18 developed
countries, by country of origin, 1986 7 38
2.10 No. of foreign affiliates of small and medium sized
TNCs based in 18 developed countries, by sector of
parent, 1986 7 41
x List of Figures and Tables
2.11 Geographical distribution of foreign affiliates of small
and medium sized TNCs based in 18 developed
countries, by sector of parent, 1986 7
2.12 Japan: flows of FDI by SMEs, 1974 86 44
2.13 Japan: regional and sectoral distribution of FDI by
2.14 Regional and sectoral distribution of Japanese FDI bv ^
size of firm, cumulative, 1977 86
2.15 Japan: stock of equity and loan investment as ^
percentage of total assets of firm, FY1980 and
2.16 Japan: no. of technology licensing contracts by small ^
2 17 n m^1Um S1^d TNCs and large TNCs, March 1984 52
2 17 United State.: shares of parent in total population of
nrms, by size of employment 1977
2.18 United States: distribution of and changes in no. and
1977 aandet19O82Parent * ^ °f ^ aSSCtS °f ^
2.19 United Kingdom: FDI by size 1974 81 54
2.20 Federal Republic of Germany: foreign involvement of
2.21 Italy: characteristics of TNCs by size, 1987 f2
4 2 ^CTtKOverseaVnvestme t outstanding, end 1984 92
4 2 CFDI by manufacturing enterprises, by size of
investment, 1985
4 3 Countries having received technology from Canadian * !
SMEs, number of cases
4 4 Time distribution of the transfer cases, 1970 88 m
4 5 First foreign experience of Canadian SMEs 03 i
^•o Exports and no. of transfers
48 of f S 1 lniti1Ve ^ Ch°iCe °f ^ tractual form !o5
4 8 Quality of host firm management, and success 06 I
4.9 Canadian Government aid, and success 07 !
4 10 Industry and product adaptation !
4.U Host country and equipment adaptation !nj
4. 2 Size of Canadian SME and equipment adaptation « ,
5 1 Structure of French industry by firm sizCi ^986 ™
5 2 Breakdown of value added, by type of goods
manufactured, 1986 s
5.3 R D spending, by firm size, 1985 J17 !
List of Figures and Tables xi
5.4 Share of exports in total sales, by firm employment
size, 1986 119
5.5 French companies with foreign participation,
1 January 1986 120
5.6 The sample, by size and date of creation 122
5.7 Main features of companies in the sample, for the
product lines concerned in the transfer operation 123
6.1 Volume of German FDI, by regions/countries, 1983
and 1988 141
6.2 Volume of German FDI, by important branches of
industry, 1983 and 1988 142
6.3 Income received for licences, patents and processes
from abroad, 1965 83 143
6.4 Income received for licences, patents and processes
from abroad, by main branch and region 1983 144
6.5 Perspectives of equity and non equity cooperation of
German firms in developing countries, 1983 146
6.6 Size of German firms in the sample, 1988 148
6.7 Intensity of R D activity, 1987 149
6.8 No. of registered patents in the last 5 years, by firm
size, 1987 149
6.9 Choice of organisational form of technology transfer,
by host country, 1987 151
6.10 Year of first technology transfer, by host country 152
6.11 International motivation and choice of organisational form 153
6.12 Previous relationship with partner, by form of
involvement 154
6.13 Category of technology resources transferred 156
6.14 Nature of know how transferred, by organisational form 157
6.15 Mechanism of know how transfer, by form of
involvement 158
6.16 Location of technical training of recipient firm s
employees, by form of involvement 158
6.17 How modern is installed technology in affiliate? 159
6.18 Size differential between recipient firm and German
partner 160
6.19 Comparison of vertical integration, supplier and
recipient firm 161
6.20 Short term exchange of staff 162
6.21 Technological assistance to recipient firm after start up
of operations, by form of involvement 163
xii List of Figures and Tables
6.22 Exports to recipient country since start up of
operations, by size of German SME 164
6.23 Issues of technology agreement, by type of technology
involvement 166
6.24 Form of payment laid down in technology agreement,
by form of organisation 168
6.25 Success from the point of view of German SMEs, by
organisational form, 1987 171
6.26 Perceived competitive advantage of German SMEs in
recipient country, by type of involvement 172
6.27 Success from the point of view of German SMEs, by
recipient country, 1987 173
6.28 Main environmental problems for German SMEs in
recipient country, by type of involvement 174
7.1 Italian industrial value added: breakdown by firm size,
1973 and 1985 178
7.2 Industrial composition of value added for size groups
of firms, 1980 prices 179
7.3 Innovative activity of Italian firms, by firm size 181
7.4 Italian exports, 1987 182
7.5 Italy: technological balance of payments:
non connected technical assistance, R D expenditure in
industry and direct investment, 1980 7 184
7.6 Italy: technological balance of payments: receipts
by type of operations and partner country/area, 1980 7 186
7.7 Italy: non connected technical assistance: receipts by
partner country/area, 1984 7 187
7.8 FDI by major home countries, 1970 86 188
7.9 Geographical distribution of FDI among developed
countries and LDCs by selected home countries 189
7.10 Italian FDI, by parent company size, end 1987 191
7.11 Affiliates, by parent company equity stake and size,
end 1987 192
7.12 Twelve causes of technology transfer by Italian SMEs 194
8.1 No. of overseas investments by small firms, 1978 87 216
8.2 Overseas investments, Japan s small enterprises,
1987, by industry and region 217
8.3 Major reasons for overseas investment, Japan s
small and large multinationals 219
8.4 Classification of Japan s small multinationals
in manufacturing 222
List of Figures and Tables xiii
9.1 Interviews conducted: summary of UK firms 245
9.2 Host country of UK SMEs 246
9.3 Type of technology transfer 246
9.4 Analytical summary of cases 248
10.1 Characteristics of the sample: comparison with
Commerce Department survey 285
10.2 Characteristics of firms studied 287
10.3 Sources of competitive advantage and learning 292
11.1 Argentina: foreign firms with direct investments,
1983, and technology agreements, 1977 83, chemical
and metalworking industries, classified by sizes at
home and forms of involvement 300
11.2 No. of foreign firms with technology contracts
registered in chemical and metalworking sectors,
classified by size of suppliers and country of origin,
August 1977 December 1983 301
11.3 Technology agreements in the metalworking and
chemical sector, 1977 83, classified by size of supplier
and recipient companies 303
11.4 Countries of origin and forms of technology transfer 304
11.5 Sectoral distribution of sample cases 305
11.6 Sizes of local companies, product diversification and
ownership 307
11.7 Age and experience of recipient companies 310
11.8 Countries of origin and sizes of technology suppliers
at the moment of technology transfer 314
11.9 Items of technology agreements and relationships
with suppliers 318
11.10 Duration and forms of payment of technology
agreements 320
11.11 Restrictive conditions of technology agreements 321
11.12 Modes of production and use of different technology 330
12.1 Brazil: status of multinational manufacturing
companies, 1987 342
12.2 Brazil: foreign firms, classified by type of investment
and sector of activity 343
12.3 Number of firms from selected home countries, by
industry 344
12.4 Description of the sample, by countries of origin of
SME and types of relationship with Brazilian firms 345
12.5 Size of Brazilian firms included in the case studies 346
xiv List of Figures and Tables
12.6 Manufacturing sector of Brazilian firms included in
the case studies 346
12.7 Relative position of subsidiaries in their respective
sub sectors 347
12.8 Relative position of firms with licensing agreements
with SMEs in their respective sub sectors 348
12.9 Period of establishment of subsidiary or conclusion of
licensing agreement 349
12.10 Brazil: antecedents of establishment of subsidiaries 351
12.11 Motivations for the establishment of subsidiaries 351
12.12 Relative international position of SMEs in specific
segments 352
12.13 Market structure, supply 353
12.14 Market structure, demand 353
12.15 Different types of licensing found in the sample 354
12.16 Types of licensing, by industrial sectors of agreements 354
12.17 Size of local firms involved in technology transfer
agreements • 355
12.18 Licensing motives 356
12.19 Previous relations between SME and Brazilian licencees 357
12.20 Type of technology transferred by the SME 357
12.21 Human resources deployed in establishing Brazilian
subsidiaries 358
12.22 Role of local technicians in the technology flow 359
12.23 Human resources flow intensity in the technology
transfer process 359
12.24 Mechanisms used in the transfer of technology 360
12.25 Types of technology transferred through licensing 361
12.26 Participation of human resources in the technology
transfer 362
12.27 Licensing technology transfer mechanisms 363
12.28 Recipient firms evaluation of SMEs capacity to
transfer technology 364
12.29 Diversification of product lines of the subsidiary
relative to home firms 365
12.30 Factors that determine product design changes 365
12.31 Relationship between volume of production of the
subsidiary and the parent 367
12.32 Degree of vertical integration of the subsidiary in
relation to the SME 367
12.33 Problems of subsidiaries related to suppliers 368
List of Figures and Tables xv
12.34 Subsidiaries evaluation as to mastery of technology 368
12.35 Number of employees involved in technological
matters per firm 369
12.36 Number of employees involved in the technology
issued by firms 370
13.1 Characteristics of sample firms related to their age 381
13.2 Technology buyer s information about technology
supplier 387
13.3 Ownership type and technological distance 391
13.4 Characteristics related to size of technology supplier 397
14.1 Trends in technology licensing, 1962 86 407
14.2 Korea: trends in FDI, 1962 86 408
14.3 Ownership structure of FDI, 1962 86 409
14.4 Country distribution of technology licensing and FDI,
1962 86 410
14.5 Industrial distribution of technology licensing and FDI
inflows, 1962 86 411
14.6 List of products manufactured by technology receiving
firms 413
14.7 Country distribution of the sample 413
14.8 Size distribution of the recipient firms 414
14.9 Mode of production by industries 414
14.10 Types of transferred technology 415
14.11 Forms of payment 415
14.12 Length of agreement 416
14.13 Nature of export restraints 416
14.14 Share of export in total sales 418
14.15 Relative size of recipient compared to supplier 420
14.16 Share of imports in total inputs 423
14.17 Number of domestic competitors 424
14.18 Estimates of technology suppliers costs 425
15.1 Firm size criteria 433
15.2 Size of recipient enterprises, by no. of employees
and type of recipient enterprise 434
15.3 Distribution by sector for technology transfer in the
sample 435
15.4 Size of supplier, by country of origin, by no. of
employees 436
15.5 Forms of technology transfer 436
15.6 No. of contracts registered in manufacturing,
chemical and metallic products sectors, 1984 and 1987 437
xvi List of Figures and Tables
15.7 Main foreign suppliers of technology to the
manufacturing sector and chemical, metallic products,
machinery and equipment branches, 1986 7 437
15.8 Levels of customs duties for import of products
similar to those manufactured by recipient enterprises 438
15.9 Mode of production and ownership of recipient
enterprise 439
15.10 R D activities and enterprise ownership 440
15.11 Background information: 1 441
15.12 Background information: 2 442
15.13 Nature of transferred know how and transfer
mechanism 443
15.14 Volume of production of local plant v. SMEs 444
15.15 Sub contracting 446
15.16 Negotiation and official authorisation 447
15.17 Objectives, duration, renewal and form of payment
for contracts 448
15.18 Geographical marketing conditions 450
15.19 Export of recipient enterprises 451
15.20 Importance of technology transferred for local sales
of recipient enterprises and exports 452
15.21 Technology relations with SME 453
16.1 Selected characteristics of sample firms, by country/
region of origin 461
16.2 Market structure of sample firms, by industry sector 462
16.3 Investment motives of sample firms, by country/region
of origin and technology level 464
16.4 Exports of sample firms, by country/region of origin
and technology level 465
16.5 Market position and prior experience of sample firms,
by country/region of origin 466
16.6 Technology level and transfer of sample firms, by
country/region of origin 468
16.7 Training in sample firms, by country/region of origin 469
16.8 Product development, product design, plant size and
equipment of sample firms, by country/region of
origin 471
16.9 Vertical integration and domestic subcontracting in ;
sample firms, by country/region of origin 472 i
16.10 Technology assimilation and performance of sample i
firms, by country/region of origin 474 )
i
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| publisher | St. Martin's Pr. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises country studies ed. by Peter J. Buckley 1. publ. in the United States of America New York St. Martin's Pr. 1997 XIX, 504 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Tecnologia larpcal Entwicklungsländer Technology transfer -- Economic aspects -- Developing countries Small business -- Developing countries Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd rswk-swf Technologietransfer (DE-588)4059277-7 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 g Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 s Technologietransfer (DE-588)4059277-7 s DE-604 Buckley, Peter J. 1949- Sonstige (DE-588)124275893 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007716093&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises country studies Tecnologia larpcal Entwicklungsländer Technology transfer -- Economic aspects -- Developing countries Small business -- Developing countries Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Technologietransfer (DE-588)4059277-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4031031-0 (DE-588)4059277-7 (DE-588)4014954-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises country studies |
| title_auth | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises country studies |
| title_exact_search | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises country studies |
| title_full | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises country studies ed. by Peter J. Buckley |
| title_fullStr | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises country studies ed. by Peter J. Buckley |
| title_full_unstemmed | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises country studies ed. by Peter J. Buckley |
| title_short | International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises |
| title_sort | international technology transfer by small and medium sized enterprises country studies |
| title_sub | country studies |
| topic | Tecnologia larpcal Entwicklungsländer Technology transfer -- Economic aspects -- Developing countries Small business -- Developing countries Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Technologietransfer (DE-588)4059277-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tecnologia Entwicklungsländer Technology transfer -- Economic aspects -- Developing countries Small business -- Developing countries Klein- und Mittelbetrieb Technologietransfer Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007716093&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT buckleypeterj internationaltechnologytransferbysmallandmediumsizedenterprisescountrystudies |