The many faces of dependency in old age:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 186 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521496845 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The many faces of dependency in old age |c Margret M. Baltes |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 1996 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Dépendance chez la personne âgée | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Personnes âgées - Psychologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Personnes âgées - Soins - Aspect psychologique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Psychologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aged | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aged |x psychology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dependency (Psychology) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dependency (Psychology) in old age | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Older people |x Care |x Psychological aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Older people |x Psychology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures and Tables page xi
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
2 What Is Dependency? 7
Three Characteristics of Dependency:
Multidimensionality, Multifunctionality, and
Multicausality 8
Dependency and Incompetence 11
Dependency: A Socioeconomic Concept 12
Structured Dependency (the Case of Mary) 12
Dependency Ratio 13
Dependency: An Epidemiological Concept 14
Physical Dependency (the Case of Nina) 15
The Bias of Physical Dependency 18
Dependency: A Psychological Concept 19
Dependency in Early Childhood 19
Dependency after Early Childhood 21
Dependency in Old Age 22
3 Behavioral Dependency in Old Age 25
Behavioral Dependency as the Product of
Helplessness or Loss of Control (the Case
of Linda) 26
Behavioral Dependency as the Product of Overcare:
The Model of Learned Dependency (the Case of
Ellen) 28
viii Contents
4 Empirical Research Program on Learned
Dependency 33
Summary of Theoretical and Methodological
Framework 33
Four Main Research Questions and Related Studies 34
Experimental Field Studies: Behavioral Plasticity 36
Research Question 1: Are Dependent Behaviors of
the Elderly Modifiable? 36
Studies 1 and 2 (Bakes c Zerbe, 1976 a,b) 36
5 Observational Research in Institutional Settings 41
Research Question 2: What Environmental
Conditions Foster and Maintain Dependent
Behaviors in the Elderly? 41
Sequential Observational Studies: The
Dependency Support Script and Independence
Ignore Script 41
Study 3 (Bakes, Burgess, Stewart, 1980) 56
Study 4 (Barton, Bakes, Orzech, 1980) 58
Study 5 (Bakes, Honn, Barton, Orzech,
Lago, 1983) 66
Study 6 (Bakes, Kindermann, c Reisenzein,
1986) 79
Study 7 (Bakes, Kindermann, Reisenzein,
Schmid, 1987) 93
Summary of Findings with Institutionalized Elderly 106
Conclusions from Observational Findings in
Institutions 109
6 Generalization of Interaction Patterns 111
Research Question 2a: Is the Dependency Support
Script an Institution Effect? Ill
Comparative Data from Community Dwelling
Elderly: Qualification of the Dominance of the
Dependency Support Script 111
Study 8 (Bakes Wahl, 1992; Wahl
Bakes, 1990) 111
Contents ix
Conclusions about Generalization across Setting 117
Research Question 2b: Is the Dependency
Support Script an Age Specific Effect? 118
Comparative Studies with Children:
Development Enhancing Interaction Patterns 118
Study 9 (Bakes, Reisenzein, Kindermann,
1985) 118
Study 10 (Kindermann, 1993) 124
7 Expectations and Attributions 127
Research Question 3: What Explains the Behavior
of Social Partners? 127
What Understanding Do People Have of
Concepts Like Independence and Dependence? 127
Study 11 (Reichert, 1993) 127
Study 12 (Wahl, 1991) 128
Study 13 (Schmid Furstoss, 1990) 129
Summary of Data on Subjective Perceptions of
Dependency and Independence 129
Ecological Intervention Research: Optimization of
Environmental Conditions in Institutions 130
Research Question 4: Can We Change the
Dependency Support Script? 130
Study 14 (Bakes, Neumann, Zank, 1994) 131
8 Behavioral Dependency and Successful Aging 145
Dependency: Selective Optimization with
Compensation (the Case of Sue) 145
9 Conclusions and Implications 151
Environmental Impact on Behavior of the Elderly 152
Dialectic between Dependency and Independence 155
Person Environment Fit Perspective 157
10 Outlook 159
Implications for the Nature of Human Aging and
Intervention 159
x Contents
Implications for the Study of Social
Embeddedness and Social Dynamics 162
Notes 165
References 167
Author Index 180
Subject Index 183
Figures and Tables
Figure 1. Differences between the two models of
behavioral dependency page 28
Figure 2. Findings of a behavior modification study
using an ABAB design to change the frequency in self
feeding 38
Figure 3. Floor plan of the behavior mapping study 43
Figure 4. Behaviors of residents 44
Figure 5. Behaviors of staff 45
Figure 6. Behavior frequencies of staff behaviors,
classified as reinforcer, punisher, or no response
following two behaviors, dependent and independent,
of residents 58
Figure 7. Behavior frequencies and base probabilities
for each behavior of residents and staff 59
Figure 8. Base and conditional probability at 10 lags
for three consequent behaviors following an instance
of independent behaviors of residents 60
Figure 9. Base and conditional probability at 10 lags
for three consequent behaviors following an instance
of dependent behaviors of residents 64
Figure 10. Percentages and frequencies of resident
behaviors separately for the four groups and three
occasions 68
Figure 11. Distribution of resident behaviors
separately for the four groups 71
xii Figures and Tables
Figure 12. Distribution of staff behaviors separately
for the four groups 72
Figure 13. Distribution of behaviors across the
different social partners 73
Figure 14. Base and conditional probabilities for the
two most likely events following dependent behavior
of residents 75
Figure 15. Base and conditional probabilities for the
two most likely events following independent
constructively engaged behavior of residents 75
Figure 16. Distribution of behaviors across types of
social partner 83
Figure 17. Results of lag analyses separately for two
levels of care status and for men and women 88
Figure 18. Frequencies of observed behaviors for
residents and staff in a nursing home and a home for
chronically ill 95
Figure 19. Frequencies of dyadic form of behavior for
residents and staff in two homes 96
Figure 20. Dependency support script and
independence ignore script 107
Figure 21. Lag results for two behaviors of community
elderly and their social partners compared to those of
nursing home elderly and the home of chronically ill 116
Figure 22. Behavioral frequencies for children and
their social partners 120
Figure 23. Interaction patterns for institutionalized
children and their social partners 121
Figure 24. Summary of interaction patterns for elderly
in the home for chronically ill and children in Home A 125
Figure 25. Behavior changes in staff and residents 140
Figure 26. Behavior changes in interaction patterns 143
Figures and Tables xiii
Table 1. Classification of all behaviors observed for
residents and staff 46
Table 2. Coding scheme for behaviors observed 48
Table 3. Resident staff sequences for each staff
member summed across all observations and residents 57
Table 4. Conditional probabilities for each resident
and staff behavior given residents independent
behavior as criterion event 61
Table 5. Conditional probabilities for each resident
and staff behavior given residents dependent behavior
as criterion event 63
Table 6. Frequency and percentage of residents and
social partners behaviors separately by length of
institutionalization 69
Table 7. Base and conditional probabilities for all
consequent behaviors at Lag 1 and Lag 2 separately
for each resident behavior as antecedent behavior 74
Table 8. Frequency and percentage of behaviors
separately for residents and social partners by years of
institutionalization 81
Table 9. Base and conditional probabilities for all
consequent behaviors at Lag 1 and Lag 2 separately
with residents behaviors as antecedent behaviors 84
Table 10. Base and conditional probabilities for all
consequent behaviors at Lag 1 and Lag 2 separately
with social partners behaviors as antecedent behaviors 90
Table 11. Frequencies of discontinuous and
continuous behaviors of elderly residents in two
settings, the nursing home and the home for the
chronically ill 98
Table 12. Base and conditional probabilities for all
consequent events at Lag 1 separately for each
antecedent event in the nursing home setting 100
xiv Figures and Tables
Table 13. Control and power indexes for each
behavior of institutionalized residents and children as
antecedents and behaviors of the social partners as
consequents separately for each group 122
Table 14. Demographic characteristics of staff 134
Table 15. Training program 136
Table 16. Results of statistical analysis 142
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:10:05Z |
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| isbn | 0521496845 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Baltes, Margret M. 1939-1999 Verfasser (DE-588)131890905 aut The many faces of dependency in old age Margret M. Baltes 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1996 XVII, 186 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Afhankelijkheid (algemeen) gtt Dépendance chez la personne âgée Ouderen gtt Personnes âgées - Psychologie Personnes âgées - Soins - Aspect psychologique Psychologie Aged Aged psychology Dependency (Psychology) Dependency (Psychology) in old age Older people Care Psychological aspects Older people Psychology Psychology, Social Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd rswk-swf Abhängigkeit (DE-588)4000145-3 gnd rswk-swf Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 s Abhängigkeit (DE-588)4000145-3 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007706377&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Baltes, Margret M. 1939-1999 The many faces of dependency in old age Afhankelijkheid (algemeen) gtt Dépendance chez la personne âgée Ouderen gtt Personnes âgées - Psychologie Personnes âgées - Soins - Aspect psychologique Psychologie Aged Aged psychology Dependency (Psychology) Dependency (Psychology) in old age Older people Care Psychological aspects Older people Psychology Psychology, Social Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd Abhängigkeit (DE-588)4000145-3 gnd |
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| title | The many faces of dependency in old age |
| title_auth | The many faces of dependency in old age |
| title_exact_search | The many faces of dependency in old age |
| title_full | The many faces of dependency in old age Margret M. Baltes |
| title_fullStr | The many faces of dependency in old age Margret M. Baltes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The many faces of dependency in old age Margret M. Baltes |
| title_short | The many faces of dependency in old age |
| title_sort | the many faces of dependency in old age |
| topic | Afhankelijkheid (algemeen) gtt Dépendance chez la personne âgée Ouderen gtt Personnes âgées - Psychologie Personnes âgées - Soins - Aspect psychologique Psychologie Aged Aged psychology Dependency (Psychology) Dependency (Psychology) in old age Older people Care Psychological aspects Older people Psychology Psychology, Social Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd Abhängigkeit (DE-588)4000145-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Afhankelijkheid (algemeen) Dépendance chez la personne âgée Ouderen Personnes âgées - Psychologie Personnes âgées - Soins - Aspect psychologique Psychologie Aged Aged psychology Dependency (Psychology) Dependency (Psychology) in old age Older people Care Psychological aspects Older people Psychology Psychology, Social Alter Abhängigkeit |
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