Unemployment policy: government options for the labour market
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1997
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 591 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521571391 0521599210 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Unemployment policy |b government options for the labour market |c [Centre for Economic Policy Research]. Ed. by Dennis J. Snower ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of figures page xvi
List of tables xix
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxiv
List of conference participants xxvi
1 Introduction 1
Guillermo de la Dehesa and Dennis J. Snower
K 1 Purpose of the volume 1
a 2 An overview of the volume 4
PART ONE: (GENERAL POLICY ISSJUES_
2 Evaluating unemployment policies: what do the underlying
theories tell us? 15
Dennis J. Snower
1 Introduction 15
2 Laissez faire 16
3 Demand management policies 20
4 Supply side policies 27
5 Institutional policies 32
6 Contractual policies 36
7 Concluding remarks 44
X 3 High unemployment from a political economy perspective 54
Gilles Saint Paul
1 Introduction 54
2 Theory 55
3 Implications for economic policy 64
4 Conclusion 71
ix
x Contents
Discussion 33
Samuel Bentolila
Discussion 77
Richard Jackman
PART TWO: DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND SUPPLY SIDE
POLICY
/¦¦ 4 The role of demand management policies in reducing
unemployment 83
Charles R. Bean
1 Macroeconomic policy and unemployment 84
2 Macroeconomic policies to support supply reforms 96
3 Enhancing the effectiveness of macroeconomic
policies 103
4 Conclusions 106
Discussion 111
Stanley Fischer
1 Is there a role for stabilisation policy? 111
2 The role of demand management in Europe
in the 1990s 113
5 Edmund Phelps theory of structural slumps and its policy
implications 116
Edmond Malinvaud
1 Introduction 116
2 In search of a fundamental model 118
3 Further methodological remarks 122
4 Phelps models discussed 123
5 Empirical evidence 129
6 Explanation of postwar trends 131
7 Policy implications 132
Discussion 142
Edmund S. Phelps
Discussion 151
Klaus F. Zimmermann
PART THREE: SUBSIDISING EMPLOYMENT AND
TRAINING
i 6 The simple economics of benefit transfers 163
Dennis J. Snower
Contents xi
1 Introduction 163
2 The underlying framework 170
3 Self financing recruitment vouchers 172
4 Targeting the long term unemployed 173
5 Deadweight and displacement 174
6 Training vouchers 178
7 Estimating the unemployment effects of the BTP 180
8 Concluding thoughts 188
Discussion 199
David T. Coe
Discussion 202
Jacques H. Dreze
7 Wage subsidy programmes: alternative designs 206
Edmund S. Phelps
1 The argument for a low wage employment subsidy 208
2 Employment subsidy schemes 217
3 Conclusions and objections 229
Discussion 244
Jeff Frank
Discussion 247
Dale T. Mortensen
8 Technological development, competition from low wage
economies and low skilled unemployment 250
Jacques H. Dreze and Henri Sneessens
1 The weakened position of less skilled workers 250
2 Policy objectives 260
3 Policy alternatives 264
4 Conclusion 272
Discussion 277
Jozef Konings
1 Technological progress and unemployment 278
2 Globalisation and unemployment 279
3 Policy 280
9 Macroeconomic and policy implications of shifts in the
relative demand for skills 282
Olivier J. Blanchard
1 The race between relative demand and relative supply 282
2 Unemployment 283
3 The USA versus Europe 285
4 The shape and size of transfers 286
xii Contents
5 Supply responses 287
6 Technological progress 288
7 Conclusions 289
Discussion 291
Gylfi Zoega
10 Would cutting payroll taxes on the unskilled have a
significant impact on unemployment? 296
Stephen J. Nickell and Brian Bell
1 Introduction 296
2 The determinants of unemployment rates by skill 299
3 Unemployment and wages by skill 305
4 Should payroll taxes on the unskilled be cut? 320
Appendix: notes to table 10.2 323
Discussion 329
Robert J. Gordon
11 Preventing long term unemployment: an economic analysis 333
Richard Layard
1 Introduction and review 333
2 Substitution and displacement 339
3 Relevant experience 344
Discussion 349
Guillermo de la Dehesa
Discussion 351
Patrick Minford
PART FOUR: LABOUR MARKET REGULATIONS
12 An analysis of firing costs and their implications for
unemployment policy 359
Alison L. Booth
1 Introduction 359
2 A competitive spot labour market 362
3 Labour demand in a competitive labour market with
contracts 363
4 Equilibrium employment with long term contracts and
voluntary redundancy pay 366
5 A comparison of the unemployment predictions of the
two period redundancy pay model with other union
models 371
6 The unemployment implications of statutory
redundancy pay 375
Contents xiii
7 Conclusion 378
Appendix 379
Discussion 388
Juan Jose Dolado
Discussion 392
Gilles Saint Paul
) 13 Labour market regulation and unemployment 395
Paul Gregg and Alan Manning
1 Introduction 395
2 The conventional analysis of regulation in the
labour market 396
3 Empirical evidence on the relationship between labour
market de regulation and unemployment 399
4 Why might labour market de regulation not always
reduce unemployment? 410
5 The optimal amount and form of labour market
regulation 416
6 Conclusion 418
Data appendix 420
Discussion 424
Juan J. R. Calaza
PART FIVE: POLICY, JOB REALLOCATION AND THE
UNEMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY RELATION
14 Is there a trade off between unemployment and
productivity growth? 433
Robert J. Gordon
1 Introduction 433
2 Basic analytics 434
3 An example: the minimum wage 442
4 Mechanisms 446
5 Productivity growth differences across countries
and sectors 452
6 Conclusions 459
Discussion 464
Charles R. Bean
15 Gross job reallocation and labour market policy 467
Pietro Garibaldi, Jozef Konings and Christopher Pissarides
1 Preliminaries 468
2 Unemployment and job reallocation 471
xiv Contents
3 Job reallocation and labour market policy 477
4 Conclusions 486
Appendix: definitions and sources 487
Discussion 489
Brian Bell
1 Do cross country variations in gross job
reallocation tell us anything? 490
2 Is the data what we think it is? 491
3 Are the empirical results significant and robust? 492
4 Should we be concentrating separately on job
creation and job destruction rates? 493
Discussion 495
Ana L. Revenga
1 Comparability of the data 496
2 Confused causality 496
3 Conclusions 498
PART SIX: COMPARING UNEMPLOYMENT POLICIES
16 Unemployment in the OECD and its remedies 501
Patrick Minford
1 Trade, development and global competition 502
2 The model 504
3 Simulation of the North South model 508
4 A preliminary test of the emerging market
hypothesis 510
5 Implications for the OECD natural rate of
unemployment 519
6 The social problem of low wage competition 521
7 Policies to deal with the low wage dilemma 523
8 Conclusions 527
Appendix: the equations of the North South model 528
Discussion 534
Jonathan Haskel
1 The emerging markets hypothesis 535
2 Policy implications 539
Discussion 541
Stephen J. Nickell
1 Introduction 541
2 Trade versus technology and the Minford model 542
3 Solving the low pay problem 543
Contents xv
17 The unemployment and welfare effects of labour market
policy: a comparison of the USA and the UK 545
Stephen P. Millard and Dale T. Mortensen
1 A simple model of job creation and job destruction 546
2 The qualitative effects of labour policy and wage
formation institutions 550
3 Accounting for the UK US unemployment rate
differential 555
4 The effects of individual labour market policies 559
5 The effects of labour policy reforms 561
6 Conclusions and suggestions for future research 565
Mathematical appendix A: the model 567
Mathematical appendix B: functional forms and
parameters 569
Discussion 572
Giuseppe Bertola
Discussion 575
Michael Burda
Index 579
Figures
3.1 Labour demand and labour supply curve page 57
3.2 Increase in labour surplus at expense of capital 57
3.3 France and Britain: payroll taxes, 1952 86 69
4.1 Cyclical unemployment 85
4.2 Effect of demand shocks on unemployment, 1964 92 88
4.3 Response to demand shock 89
5.1 The macroeconomic equilibrium 119
D5.1 Standardised unemployment rates, 1967 94 153
D5.2 Short and long run real interest rates, 1970 94 156
D5.3 Long run real interest rates and total outlays of
government 157
D5.4 Standardised unemployment and long run real interest
rates 158
6.1 The labour market equilibrium 170
6.2 The effect of the recruitment voucher 172
6.3 Targeting the long term unemployed 174
6.4 Deadweight and displacement 175
6.5 The effect of an increase in the voucher 177
6.6 The maximal employment voucher 178
6.7 Training vouchers 179
6.8 The maximum training and recruiting vouchers 180
6.9 The maximum voucher ratio and the maximum
employment effect 185
D7.1 The low wage equilibrium and associated unemployment
and the high wage equilibrium after a wage subsidy is
introduced 246
8.1 Structure of unemployment, by occupation, France,
1962 92 253
8.2 Low skilled unemployment, in levels and in rates,
France, 1960 90 253
xvi
List of figures xvii
8.3 25 54 year old working men, by wage and salary income,
USA, 1979 and 1987 255
8.4 Relative wage of manual versus non manual workers,
1970 90 255
8.5 Labour market equilibrium with subsidies 268
10.1 Comparison of unit wage levels and employment tax,
OECD countries, 1980 90 297
10.2 The skilled and the unskilled labour markets 301
10.3 Unemployment responses to an adverse neutral demand
shift 303
10.4 Unemployment ratios, 1970 90 311
11.1 Percentage of unemployed people out of work over 12
months, by maximum duration of benefits, 1984 335
11.2 The inflation constraint 340
11.3 Stocks and flows 343
11.4 The Layard scheme 343
11.5 Percentage growth in the labour force and in employment,
1960 89 344
11.6 Change in the relative labour force, and change in relative
employment, by sex, 1970 90 345
11.7 Vacancy rates and unemployment rates, 1970 85 347
Dl 1.1 The unemployment trap 352
D11.2 The low wage job market before Layard s scheme 353
D11.3 The low wage job market after Layard s scheme 354
Dl 1.4 The pattern of work among Layard scheme workers on
scheme jobs 355
12.1 Labour demand variations with and without redundancy
pay for a fixed wage rate 366
12.2 A comparison of welfare losses of three union models 374
12.3 Imposition of mandated redundancy pay 376
D12.1 Employment rigidity versus employment growth 391
D12.2 Booth s Proposition 2 393
13.1 Unemployment and non employment rates, prime aged
men, UK, 1974 91 403
14.1 The UPT schedule 436
14.2 Unemployment and productivity in the standard labour
market model 438
14.3 The effects of an oil shock on employment and the
real wage 441
14.4 The minimum wage relative to average hourly
compensation, 1962 92 443
xviii List of figures
14.5 The effect of an increase in the real minimum wage in
France and a decrease in the USA 443
14.6 Movements along and shifts in the UPT schedule 448
15.1 Job reallocation and unemployment 474
15.2 Job reallocation and long term unemployment 476
15.3 Job reallocation and employment protection legislation 479
15.4 Job reallocation and unemployment insurance: 1 480
15.5 Job reallocation and unemployment insurance: 2 482
15.6 Job reallocation and active labour market policy 484
15.7 Job reallocation and industrial subsidy 485
16.1 The supply and demand for non traded (domestic)
goods 506
16.2 The ratio of DCs manufacturing export prices to DCs
export prices of machinery and transport equipment
and of services, 1970 92 516
16.3 The ratio of LDCs to DCs manufacturing export
prices, 1970 92 516
16.4 Percentage changes in the 1980s in the relative wages and
relative employment of non production and product in
labour in manufacturing 517
16.5 The wage distribution before and after low wage
competition 520
16.6 BIG and NIT illustrated 522
D16.1 Changes in non manual/manual relative wages and
employment, 1980 1 538
17.1 Equilibrium reservation productivity and market
tightness 551
Tables
D5.1 Integration and cointegration page 159
6.1 Short run effects of the BTP 186
6.2 Long run effects of the BTP 187
7.1 Percentage differentials in real annual wages and salaries,
males, 25 57, 1979 87, selected years 223
7.2 Cost of a model tax credit plan for US private sector
full time employees 231
8.1 Unemployment rates, by level of educational attainment 251
8.2 Unemployment rates, by skill, Britain and the USA,
1984 and 1987 252
8.3 Ratio of unskilled/skilled employment and wages in
Germany, 1966 90 254
8.4 Hourly wage costs for production workers in
manufacturing, 1992 260
8.5 Minimum wages in Western Europe, 1985 91, selected
years 265
8.6 Social insurance contributions and income tax at
average earnings, blue collar workers, 1991 266
D8.1 Male unemployment rates, by education percentages,
1971 82 to 1991 3 279
9.1 Relative demand and supply shifts, 1963 71 to
1979 87, selected years 283
9.2 Evolution of unemployment rates, for high and low
education workers, in four European countries,
1979 82 to 1993, selected years 286
D9.1 Ratio of unemployment among the least educated to
general unemployment, 1978 93 293
10.1 Unemployment, by occupation: inflow and duration,
USA and Britain, 1987 and 1984 304
10.2 Male unemployment rates, by education or occupation,
1971—4 to 1993, selected years 306
xix
xx List of tables
10.3 Earnings differentials, by education, males, early
1970s late 1980s 309
10.4 Earnings dispersion for males, 1973 91 310
10.5 Percentage increases in male unemployment from the
1970s 312
10.6 UK and US male unemployment and non employment
rates, by education, 1971 92 314
10.7 UK male unemployment and non employment rates,
by education, 1971 92 315
10.8 Long term disability, 1972 82 316
10.9 Relative skill shortages and unemployment, 1963 92 319
11.1 Short and long term unemployment as a percentage of
the labour force, 1980s average 334
DILI Illustrative scheme arithmetic 356
12.1 Equilibrium period 1 wages and employment levels for the
three models 373
13.1 Single variable correlations 405
13.2 Significant relationships between regulation and
performance 407
14.1 Growth rates of output per hour, mean and variance
by county and sector 453
14.2 Growth rates of output per hour, the contribution of
capital, and multi factor productivity, non farm private
business sector, 1960 92 455
14.3 The contribution of capital and of MFP to slowdown
in growth rate of output per hour, 1979 92 as compared
to 1960 73, by major sector 455
14.4 Regression equations explaining growth rates by country
and sector, three intervals, 1960 92 458
15.1 Job reallocation in OECD countries, 1982 9 470
15.2 Gross and excess job reallocation 471
D15.1 Bivariate results for job reallocation 493
D15.2 Multivariate results for job reallocation 493
D15.3 Job creation and destruction regressions 494
16.1 The low wage dilemma 526
17.1 Baseline parameter values and unemployment experience:
the USA and the UK 558
17.2 The marginal effects of specific labour market policies 561
17.3 The cumulative effects of UK labour policy reforms 562
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift |
| geographic | Europa Großbritannien USA |
| geographic_facet | Europa Großbritannien USA |
| id | DE-604.BV011445640 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:09:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521571391 0521599210 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007698851 |
| oclc_num | 35620373 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-945 DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-N2 DE-20 DE-1047 DE-384 DE-522 DE-83 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-945 DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-N2 DE-20 DE-1047 DE-384 DE-522 DE-83 DE-188 |
| physical | XXVII, 591 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1997 |
| publishDateSearch | 1997 |
| publishDateSort | 1997 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Unemployment policy government options for the labour market [Centre for Economic Policy Research]. Ed. by Dennis J. Snower ... 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1997 XXVII, 591 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier OECD (DE-588)5157-3 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1970-1997 gnd rswk-swf Arbeidsmarkt gtt Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - Europe Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - Grande-Bretagne Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Politique de l'emploi - Etats-Unis ram Politique de l'emploi - Europe ram Politique de l'emploi - Grande-Bretagne ram Werkgelegenheidsbeleid gtt Arbeitsmarkt Manpower policy Europe Manpower policy Great Britain Manpower policy United States Arbeitslosigkeit (DE-588)4002730-2 gnd rswk-swf Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd rswk-swf Europa Großbritannien USA (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content OECD (DE-588)5157-3 b Arbeitslosigkeit (DE-588)4002730-2 s Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 s Geschichte 1970-1997 z DE-604 Snower, Dennis J. 1950- Sonstige (DE-588)124825109 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007698851&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Unemployment policy government options for the labour market OECD (DE-588)5157-3 gnd Arbeidsmarkt gtt Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - Europe Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - Grande-Bretagne Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Politique de l'emploi - Etats-Unis ram Politique de l'emploi - Europe ram Politique de l'emploi - Grande-Bretagne ram Werkgelegenheidsbeleid gtt Arbeitsmarkt Manpower policy Europe Manpower policy Great Britain Manpower policy United States Arbeitslosigkeit (DE-588)4002730-2 gnd Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5157-3 (DE-588)4002730-2 (DE-588)4005982-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Unemployment policy government options for the labour market |
| title_auth | Unemployment policy government options for the labour market |
| title_exact_search | Unemployment policy government options for the labour market |
| title_full | Unemployment policy government options for the labour market [Centre for Economic Policy Research]. Ed. by Dennis J. Snower ... |
| title_fullStr | Unemployment policy government options for the labour market [Centre for Economic Policy Research]. Ed. by Dennis J. Snower ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unemployment policy government options for the labour market [Centre for Economic Policy Research]. Ed. by Dennis J. Snower ... |
| title_short | Unemployment policy |
| title_sort | unemployment policy government options for the labour market |
| title_sub | government options for the labour market |
| topic | OECD (DE-588)5157-3 gnd Arbeidsmarkt gtt Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - Europe Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - Grande-Bretagne Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Politique de l'emploi - Etats-Unis ram Politique de l'emploi - Europe ram Politique de l'emploi - Grande-Bretagne ram Werkgelegenheidsbeleid gtt Arbeitsmarkt Manpower policy Europe Manpower policy Great Britain Manpower policy United States Arbeitslosigkeit (DE-588)4002730-2 gnd Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | OECD Arbeidsmarkt Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - Europe Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - Grande-Bretagne Emploi - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Politique de l'emploi - Etats-Unis Politique de l'emploi - Europe Politique de l'emploi - Grande-Bretagne Werkgelegenheidsbeleid Arbeitsmarkt Manpower policy Europe Manpower policy Great Britain Manpower policy United States Arbeitslosigkeit Beschäftigungspolitik Europa Großbritannien USA Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007698851&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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