A short grammar of Latvian:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Columbus, OH
Slavica Publ.
1997
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 236 S. |
| ISBN: | 0893572705 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A short grammar of Latvian |c Terje Mathiassen |
| 264 | 1 | |a Columbus, OH |b Slavica Publ. |c 1997 | |
| 300 | |a 236 S. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804125932529647616 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Page
Foreword 17
Chapter 0: Introduction 19
Chapter 1: Phonology 22
I Consonants 22
Phonetic realization 23
Orthographie representation 24
Consonant alternations 24
Clusters 26
1. Assimilation 26
A. Voicing 26
B. Devoicing 26
C. Other assimilations 26
2. Dissimilation 27
II Vowels -, 27
Short Vowels 28
Orthographie representation 28
Long Vowels 28
Orthographie representation 29
Notes on pronunciation of long and short
vowels 29
Excursus: Distribution of close vs. open ele 29
Compensatory vowel lengthening 32
Diphthongs 33
Vocalization 35
Vowel alternations (ablaut) 35
Word final position 35
1. Consonants 35
2. Vowels 35
III Suprasegmentals 36
1. Stress 36
2. Quantity 37
A. Vowels 37
B. Consonants 38
6
3. Tone 39
Chapter 2: The noun 40
Grammatical categories 40
1. Gender 40
2. Number 41
3. Case 41
Declensional types 42
First declension 43
Comments on the paradigm 44
The form of the vocative 44
Second declension 44
Consonant alternations 45
The form of the vocative 45
Irregularities in the 2nd declension 45
Third declension 45
Fourth declension 46
The form of the vocative 46
Fifth declension 47
The form of the vocative 48
Sixth declension 48
Vacillations between declensions , 48
Summing up of the endings 49
Reflexive nouns 49
Indeclinable nouns 50
Singular and plural nouns 51
Word formation of nouns 52
1. Suffixal derivatives 52
A. Persons 52
B. Abstracts 53
C. Collective nouns 54
D. Instrument 54
E. Location (place) 54
F. Diminutives and hypocorisms 54
2. Prefixal derivatives 55
3. Non-prefixal compositions 55
Chapter 3: The adjective 57
General characteristics 57
The short (indefinite) form 57
The long (definite) form 58
Degrees of comparison 59
1. The comparative 59
7
2. The Superlative 60
Syntax of the adjectives 60
1. The short (indefinite) form 60
Equivalents of English than 60
Equivalents of English too 61
Equivalents of English much, considerably +
the comparative 61
2. The long (definite) form 61
Substantivization 62
Word formation 63
1. Suffixal derivatives 63
2. Prefixal derivatives 64
3. Non-prefixal compound adjectives 64
Reduplication 64
Chapter 4: The pronoun 65
1. Personal pronouns 65
2. Possessive pronouns 66
A. Non-reflexives 66
B. Reflexives 67
3. Reciprocal pronouns 67
4. Demonstrative pronouns 68
5. The anaphoric pronoun of the 3rd Person 68
6. Interrogative and relative pronouns 69
Interrogative function 69
Relative function 70
7. Indefinite pronouns 70
8. Negative pronouns 72
9. Other pronouns 73
Chapter 5: Numerais 74
1. Cardinal numbers 75
A. Declension 75
a) Declinable 75
b) Indeclinable 76
B. Syntax 76
2. Ordinal numbers 78
A. Declension 78
B. Syntax 79
3. Fractions 79
A. Non-decimal fractions 79
B. Decimal fractions 80
8
Chapter 6: The verb 81
Grammatical categories 81
Finite and non-finite forms 82
Verb stems 82
Morphophonemic rules 83
The finite verb 83
Introduction 83
Principal forms 83
Conjugational types 84
Predictability of conjugational type
on the basis of the infinitive 84
The formation of the tenses of the indicative
active 85
Formation of the simple tenses 85
Formation of the present and
the preterite 85
The first (short) conjugation 86
Subclasses 1-6 87
The irregulär verbs büt,
dot and iet 103
The second (long) conjugation 104
The third (mixed) conjugation 105
Conjugations I-III: The ending of the 2. p. sg. 107
Formation of the future tense 109
l.Vocalic stems 109
2. Consonantal stems 110
A. Stems ending in
labials and velars 110
B. Sibilant stems 110
Examples of reflexive
paradigms 112
Formation of the compound tenses 112
The present perfect 112
The past perfect 113
The future perfect 113
Aspect and tense 115
Introduction 115
I Aspect 115
Perfectivization 117
Imperfectivization 118
Aktionsarten 118
II Tense 118
9
Simple tenses 119
1. The present tense 119
2. The past tense 120
3. The future tense 120
Modal uses of
the simple future 120
Compound tenses 120
1. The present perfect 121
2. The past perfect 121
3. The future perfect 122
Modal uses of the
perfect future 122
Limitations 122
Mood 123
l.Theindicative 123
2. The imperative 123
3. The subjunctive 125
A. Formation 125
B. Some major functions 126
a) The subjunctive in main
clauses 126
b) The subjunctive both in
the main and the subordinate 127
clauses
c) The subjunctive in
subordinate Clauses 127
4. The debitive 129
A. Formation 129
B. Syntax 130
C. Alternative constructions 131
5. The relative mood 131
A. Formation 131
B. Use 132
Voice 135
Definitions 135
Morphology of the active voice 135
Use of the active voice 135
Morphology of the passive voice 136
1. Expression of the passive voice
in Latvian 136
A. The indicative 136
10
Sample of a passive
paradigm in the indica-
tive mood 137
B. Other moods than the
indicative 137
Examples of paradigms
of the subjunctive and
relative passive 138
2. Expression of the passive voice in
English 139
Motivations for choosing passive
constructions. General considerations 139
1. Functional sentence perspective
(FSP) 139
2. Agent deletion 140
The equivalents of English passives in
Latvian 140
Constructions with an agent 140
Constructions without an agent 141
Verb in the 3rd person active with¬
out an explicitly expressed subject 141
Constructions of the type it is/was
confirmed that [...] 141
Reflexive passives 141
Formal passives with intransitive
verbs 142
Reflexive and non-reflexive verbs 143
The Non-finite forms of the verb 145
I The infinitive 145
Formal characteristics 145
A. Active 145
B. Passive 145
Syntax 145
II Gerunds and participles 146
l.Thegerunds 147
Formation 147
A. Indeclinable gerunds 147
B. Partly declinable
gerunds 148
a) the rfam-gerund 148
b) the us/us-gerund 149
Syntax and semantics of the gerunds 149
11
A. Indeclinable gerunds 150
B. Partly declinable gerunds 151
2. The participles 152
Formation 152
A. Active participles 152
a) The present participle 152
b) The past participle 153
B. Passive participles 155
a) The present participle 155
b) The past participle 155
Syntax 156
A. Active participles 156
a) Attributive function 156
b) Appositive function 156
B. Passive participles 157
a) Attributive function 157
b) Appositive function 157
Concluding remarks on parti¬
ciples 157
Participles in the function of
other word classes 158
III The verbal noun 158
The Verb: Word formation 159
Suffixation 159
Prefixation. Verb prefixes 159
Chapter 7: The adverb 162
Degrees of comparison 162
Syntax and semantics 163
The negation 164
Chapter 8: Case 165
Introduction 165
The genitive 166
I Adnominal function 166
1. Non-partitive genitive 166
A. The governing word is a noun 166
a) The possessive genitive 166
b) The subjective and c) the
objective genitive 166
d) The descriptive genitive 167
12
e) genitivus definitivus
(explicativus) 167
f) The genitive of material 168
g) The genitive of purpose 168
h) The genitive of reinforce-
ment (Emphasis) 168
B. The governing word is an
adjective 168
C. The agentive 168
2. Partitive genitive 169
A. The governing word is a noun 169
B. The governing word is an
adjective 169
C. The governing word is a numeral 170
D. The governing word is a
quantifier other than a numeral 170
II Adverbal function 170
1. Non-partitive 170
A. Genitive-governing verbs 170
B. Negative constructions 171
2. Partitive 172
III Adverbial function 172
The genitive in exclamations 173
The accusative 173
I Adverbal accusative 173
II Adverbial accusative 174
The accusative in exclamations 175
A contrastive view of the genitive and
accusative 175
The instrumental 176
The dative 176
I Adnominal dative 176
1. The governing word is a noun 176
2. The governing word is an adjective 176
3. The dative of age 177
II Adverbal dative 177
1. Dative + nominative 177
2. Dative + accusative 177
3. Dative as the only object 177
A. Verba commodi 177
B. Verba incommodi 178
4. Dative + irlbijalbüs etc. as equivalents to
Aave-constructions in English 178
13
5. Dative in impersonal constructions 179
A. Verbal 179
B. Nominal 179
6. Dative in the debitive construction 179
7. Dative with the infinitive passive 179
8. Dative + infinitive constructions 179
Dative with gerunds (The absolute dative) 179
III Adverbial function 180
The locative 180
The nominative 181
Thevocative 182
Chapter 9: Prepositions 183
Preposition vs. prefix 183
Preposition vs. adverb. Semi-prepositions 183
Preposition vs. noun 184
Preposition vs. postposition 184
Case government 184
Subsequent disposition 185
1. Prepositions of place 186
A. Accusative governing pre¬
positions 186
B. Genitive governing prepositions 187
C. Dative governing prepositions 188
D. Prepositions governing more
than one case 188
2. Prepositions of time 188
A. Accusative governing 188
B. Dative governing 188
C. Genitive governing 188
3. Prepositions designating the instru-
ment 189
4. Prepositions of purpose 189
5. Prepositions of comparison 189
6. Prepositions of cause 189
7. Prepositions of other meanings 189
Chapter 10: Time expressions 191
1. The 24 hours cycle 191
2. Hours 191
3. The days of the week 192
4. The months 192
5. The seasons of the year 192
14
6. The year 192
7. The Century 192
8. Dates 192
9. Undetermined time expressions 193
10. How long? How often? 193
ll.Forhowlong? 193
12. Before/after 193
13. From-to (till) 193
14. During 193
15. In (after) 193
16. Towards 193
17. Ago 193
Chapter 11: Conjunctions 194
1. Coordinate 194
A. Copulative 194
B. Adversative 194
C. Disjunctive 194
2. Subordinate 194
A. Explicative 195
B. Adverbial 195
a) Conjunctions of time 195
b) Conjunctions of purpose 195
c) Conjunctions of result 195
d) Conjunctions of reason 195
e) Conditional 195
f) Concessive 195
g) Comparative 195
Chapter 12: The sentence 196
Definition 196
The members of the sentence 196
The principal members 197
The subject 197
Omission of subject pronoun 197
The only principal member 197
The predicate 198
Omission of copulative verb 198
The syntactic relationship between subject and
predicate 199
The dependent members 199
The object 199
The adverbial 200
1
15
Difficulties in distinguishing objects from
adverbials 201
The attribute 201
The apposition 202
Classification of the sentence 202
Subsequent disposition 203
The simple sentence 203
Two-part sentences 205
One-part sentences 205
Verbal one-part sentences 206
Infinitive sentences 207
Nominal one-part sentences 207
The compound sentence 208
Coordination 208
Subordination 209
1. Explicative clauses 209
A. Non-interrogative 210
B. Interrogative 210
2. Determinative clauses 210
3. Adverbial Clauses 211
A. Clauses of time 211
B. Clauses of purpose 212
C. Clauses ofresult 212
D. Clauses of reason 212
E. Clauses of condition 213
F. Clauses of concession 213
G. Clauses of comparison 213
Equivalents of English
than and the -the 213
H. Clauses of manner 214
Final remarks 214
Asyndetism 214
Chapter 13: Agreement 215
1. Special cases of agreement in gender 216
A. Common gender nouns in -a and -e 216
B. Personal pronouns of the Ist and 2nd person 217
C. Indeclinable nouns 217
D. Abbreviations 217
E. Noun combinations 217
F. Interjections 217
2. Special cases of agreement in number 218
A. Plural nouns 218
16
B. Collective nouns 218
C. Indeclinable nouns 218
D. Abbreviations 218
E. Two (or more) coordinate nouns qualified by one
and the same adjective 218
F. The polite form of the 2nd p. pl. pronoun 218
G. The interrogative pronoun kasl 219
H. Group subjects 219
3. Special cases of agreement in person 219
4. Special cases of agreement in case 219
Constructions with kä as and similar 220
Chapter 14: Word order 221
Introductory remarks 221
I The Position of the members of the sentence 223
1. Declarative sentences 223
A. Non-extended sentences 223
B. Extended sentences 224
a) Adverbial extensions 224
b) Object extensions 224
One object 224
Two objects 224
2. Interrogative sentences 225
II The position of the members of the noun phrase 226
Non-participle attributes 226
Participle attributes 227
Reference literature 228
Indexes 231
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Mathiassen, Terje 1938-1999 |
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| callnumber-subject | PG - Slavic, Baltic, Abanian Languages |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)36928086 (DE-599)BVBBV011419020 |
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| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 491 - East Indo-European and Celtic languages |
| dewey-raw | 491/.9382421 |
| dewey-search | 491/.9382421 |
| dewey-sort | 3491 79382421 |
| dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages |
| discipline | Literaturwissenschaft Indogermanistik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV011419020 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:09:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0893572705 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007677003 |
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| publishDate | 1997 |
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| spelling | Mathiassen, Terje 1938-1999 Verfasser (DE-588)129255920 aut A short grammar of Latvian Terje Mathiassen Columbus, OH Slavica Publ. 1997 236 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lets gtt Letton (langue) - Grammaire ram Grammatik Latvian language Grammar Lettisch (DE-588)4114406-5 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Lettisch (DE-588)4114406-5 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007677003&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mathiassen, Terje 1938-1999 A short grammar of Latvian Lets gtt Letton (langue) - Grammaire ram Grammatik Latvian language Grammar Lettisch (DE-588)4114406-5 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114406-5 (DE-588)4021806-5 |
| title | A short grammar of Latvian |
| title_auth | A short grammar of Latvian |
| title_exact_search | A short grammar of Latvian |
| title_full | A short grammar of Latvian Terje Mathiassen |
| title_fullStr | A short grammar of Latvian Terje Mathiassen |
| title_full_unstemmed | A short grammar of Latvian Terje Mathiassen |
| title_short | A short grammar of Latvian |
| title_sort | a short grammar of latvian |
| topic | Lets gtt Letton (langue) - Grammaire ram Grammatik Latvian language Grammar Lettisch (DE-588)4114406-5 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lets Letton (langue) - Grammaire Grammatik Latvian language Grammar Lettisch |
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