Environmental radioactivity: from natural, industrial and military sources
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
San Diego [u.a.]
Acad. Pr.
1997
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 656 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0122351541 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Environmental radioactivity |b from natural, industrial and military sources |c Merril Eisenbud ; Thomas Gesell |
| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a San Diego [u.a.] |b Acad. Pr. |c 1997 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804125891484188672 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Environmental radioactivity
Autor: Eisenbud, Merril
Jahr: 1997
Contents
Preface to the Fourth Edition xi
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Preface to the Second Edition xix
Preface to the First Edition xxi
Acronyms xxiii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
The Early History of Radioactivity 2
The Nuclear Energy Industry 5
Early Studies of Radioactive Contamination of the Environment 7
CHAPTER 2
The Biological Basis of Radiation Protection
Early Knowledge of Radiation Effects 10
Summary of Present Knowledge of Radiation Effects on Humans 13
yj CONTENTS
CHAPTER 3
Radiation Protection Standards
Evolution of Radiation Dose Standards 40
Changes in Concepts of Standards Setting 55
Organizations Involved in Establishing and Implementing
Radiation Protection Standards 58
CHAPTER 4
Atmospheric Pathways
Properties of the Atmosphere 63
Deposition and Resuspension 82
Tropospheric and Stratospheric Behavior 85
CHAPTER 5
Terrestrial and Aquatic Pathways
The Food Chain from Soil to Humans 89
Transport in Groundwater Systems 113
Transport in Surface Water Systems 115
CHAPTER 6
Natural Radioactivity
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Substances 135
Natural Radioactivity in Phosphate Fertilizers 172
Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials 174
Natural Radioactivity in Fossil Fuels 175
Induced Radionuclides 180
Natural Sources of External Ionizing Radiation 182
Technological Developments That Increase Human Exposure 190
Areas Having Unusually High Natural Radioactivity 191
Summary of Human Exposures to Natural Ionizing Radiation 200
CONTENTS vii
CHAPTER 7
Production and Reprocessing of Nuclear Fuels
Uranium 201
Thorium 217
Average Doses from the Production and Reprocessing of
Nuclear Fuels 218
CHAPTER 8
Power Reactors
Some Physical Aspects of Reactor Design and Operation 222
Types of Reactors 229
Low-Level Discharges from Light-Water Reactors 232
Reactor Accidents 244
CHAPTER 9
Nuclear Weapons
Physical Aspects of Nuclear Explosions 271
Short-Term Radiological Effects of Nuclear War 285
Some Problems of Recovery from Nuclear Attack 290
Worldwide Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests 291
Behavior of Individual Radionuclides from Fallout 297
Lung Dose Due to Inhalation of Dust from Weapons Tests 314
External Radiation 314
CHAPTER 10
Various Other Sources of Exposure
The Early History of Radium 317
Exposure from Radioluminescent Paints 318
Uranium and Thorium in Ceramics and Glass 319
Depleted Uranium Projectiles 320
Thorium in Gas Mantles 321
viii CONTENTS
Thorium in Welding Rods 321
Use of Specific Radionuclides ( Isotopes ) in Research and Industry 322
Americium-241 in Smoke Detectors 323
Radionuclides as Sources of Power 325
Transportation of Radioactive Substances 328
Summary of Doses Received from Various Sources 333
CHAPTER 11
Radioactive Waste Management
Low-Level Wastes 336
High-Level Wastes 345
Proposed Repositories in the United States 366
The Special Problems of Gaseous or Highly Soluble Long-
Lived Radionuclides 373
CHAPTER 12
Experience with Radioactive
Contamination Due to Accidents
Fallout from the Thermonuclear Weapons Test of March 1, 1954 379
The Accident at the Windscale Reactor Number One, October 1957 387
The Houston Incident of March 1957 393
The Oak Ridge Plutonium Release of November 1959 395
The Army Stationary Low-Power Reactor (SL-1), January 1961 398
Abortive Reentry of the SNAP 9A, April 1964 399
Reentry of the Satellite Cosmos 954, January 1978 401
The Accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2, March 1979 402
The Chernobyl Accident, April 1986 409
Other Contaminating Events That Occurred in the Former
Soviet Union 425
Accidents Involving Military Aircraft Carrying Nuclear Weapons 429
Accidents Involving Abandoned, Lost, or Stolen
Gamma-Radiation Sources 433
CONTENTS ix
CHAPTER 13
Methods of Environmental Surveillance
Design Phase 442
Operational Phase 443
Environmental Surveillance under Emergency Conditions 467
CHAPTER 14
Radiological Assessment and Its Application
to Dose Reconstruction
Radiological Assessment 471
Dose Reconstruction 475
Events Leading to the Need for Dose Reconstructions 479
Summary of Dose Reconstruction Projects at U.S. Nuclear
Weapons Plants 483
CHAPTER 15
Remediation of Contaminated Sites
Examples of U.S. Standards for Cleanup 495
Risk Assessment, Risk Management, and the Public 497
The Remediation Process 498
Remediation Measures and Technology 500
Sites Predating World War II 502
Sites Related to the Development of Nuclear Energy and
Nuclear Weapons 504
Some Concluding Remarks 521
CHAPTER 16
Radiation Exposure and Risks: Some
Contemporary Social Aspects
The Occupational Safety Record of the U.S. Nuclear Energy Program 524
Sources of Exposure of the General Population 527
CONTENTS
The Disparity between Actual and Perceived Risk 530
Evolution of the Modern Environmental Movement 531
Public Perception of Technology 541
The Positive Side of Popular Environmentalism 544
What about the Future of Nuclear Energy? 545
Appendix: The Properties of Certain Radionuclides 547
References 569
Index 641
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:08:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0122351541 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXV, 656 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1997 |
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| spelling | Eisenbud, Merril 1915- Verfasser (DE-588)119042215 aut Environmental radioactivity from natural, industrial and military sources Merril Eisenbud ; Thomas Gesell 4. ed. San Diego [u.a.] Acad. Pr. 1997 XXV, 656 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Umweltradioaktivität (DE-588)4186811-0 gnd rswk-swf Natürliche Radioaktivität (DE-588)4171291-2 gnd rswk-swf Umweltradioaktivität (DE-588)4186811-0 s DE-604 Natürliche Radioaktivität (DE-588)4171291-2 s 1\p DE-604 Gesell, Thomas Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007648456&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Eisenbud, Merril 1915- Gesell, Thomas Environmental radioactivity from natural, industrial and military sources Umweltradioaktivität (DE-588)4186811-0 gnd Natürliche Radioaktivität (DE-588)4171291-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4186811-0 (DE-588)4171291-2 |
| title | Environmental radioactivity from natural, industrial and military sources |
| title_auth | Environmental radioactivity from natural, industrial and military sources |
| title_exact_search | Environmental radioactivity from natural, industrial and military sources |
| title_full | Environmental radioactivity from natural, industrial and military sources Merril Eisenbud ; Thomas Gesell |
| title_fullStr | Environmental radioactivity from natural, industrial and military sources Merril Eisenbud ; Thomas Gesell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental radioactivity from natural, industrial and military sources Merril Eisenbud ; Thomas Gesell |
| title_short | Environmental radioactivity |
| title_sort | environmental radioactivity from natural industrial and military sources |
| title_sub | from natural, industrial and military sources |
| topic | Umweltradioaktivität (DE-588)4186811-0 gnd Natürliche Radioaktivität (DE-588)4171291-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Umweltradioaktivität Natürliche Radioaktivität |
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