The language of metaphors:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
1997
|
Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XVI, 360 S. Ill. |
ISBN: | 0415128765 0415128773 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | CONTENTS
List of illustrations ix
List of tables x
Acknowledgements xi
Typographical Conventions xiii
List of abbreviations xv
INTRODUCTION 1
1 METAPHORICAL AND LITERAL LANGUAGE 14
1.1. Introduction 14
1.2. Matching and similarity 16
1.3. Metaphor, approximation and prototypicality 17
1.4. 77ze fuzziness and vagueness of semantic concepts 20
1.5. Summary 23
1.6. Text meanings and negotiation 24
1.7. Acquisition of word meanings 26
1.8. Meaning change in the lexis of a language 30
1.9. Clines of metaphoricity 38
2 METAPHOR AND THE DICTIONARY: ROOT
ANALOGIES 41
2.1. Introduction 41
2.2. Metaphorical patterns in the English lexicon 46
2.3. Commentary on the map 57
2.3.1. Metonymy and metaphor 57
2.3.2. Interplay: multiple determination 59
2.3.3. Interplay: extensions 60
2.3.4. Interplay: oppositions 62
2.3.5. Interplay: reversal 66
2.3.6. Metaphorical lexis and diverse structuring of
concepts 66
v
CONTENTS
2.3 7. Influence of phonology/submorphemery as part
of langue 78
2.4. Summary and afterthought 79
3 METAPHOR AND THE DICTIONARY: WORD CLASS
AND WORD FORMATION 82
3.1. Word class and metaphor 82
3.1.1. Nouns 83
3.1.2. Nouns referring to processes 85
3.1.3. Verbs 86
3.1.4. Adjectives 90
3.1.5. Adverbs and prepositions 90
3.1.6. Summary 92
3.2. Word formation 92
3.2.1. Derivation and resemblance: resemblance
incorporated in derivation 93
3.2.2. Derivation and resemblance: resemblance
associated with derivation 94
3.2.3. Conclusion on derivation and metaphor 96
3.2.4. The effects of derivation on metaphor: two
hypotheses 96
3.2.5. Word formation and the delicate grammar of
metaphorical lexis 105
3.2.6. Summary 106
4 HOW DIFFERENT KINDS OF METAPHORS WORK 107
4.1. Introduction 107
4.2. An improved definition 108
4.3. Interpretative theories 116
4.4. Similarity and/or Analogy 119
4.5. Less central varieties of metaphor 126
4.6. Summary 136
5 RELEVANCE THEORY AND THE FUNCTIONS OF
METAPHOR 137
5.1. Metaphor and Relevance Theory 137
5.2. Functional varieties 148
5.2.1. Filling lexical gaps 149
5.2.2. Explanation and modelling 149
5.2.3. Reconceptualization 152
5.2.4. Argument by analogy and/or false(?) reasoning 152
5.2.5. Ideology, the latent function 155
5.2.6. Expressing emotional attitude 157
5.2.7. Decoration, disguise and hyperbole 158
5.2.8. Cultivating intimacy 160
vi
CONTENTS
5.2.9. Humour and games 161
5.2.10. Metaphorical calls to action or problem solving 162
5.2.11. Textual structuring 163
5.2.12. Fiction 164
5.2.13. Enhancing Memorability, Foregrounding and
Informativ eness 164
5.2.14. Summary: metaphoric purposes and the functions
oflanguage 166
5.2.15. Functions of metaphors and the familiarity of the
Vehicle 167
6 THE SIGNALLING OF METAPHOR 168
6.1. Introduction 168
6.2. Which metaphors do we need to mark? 169
6.3. Domain signallers or Topic Indicators 171
6.4. Co textual markers 172
6.5. Factivity and the effects of markers: an ambiguity in
propositional attitude 193
6.6. Subjective metaphors and fantastic literature 196
6.7. Promiscuity of the markers 196
7 THE SPECIFICATION OF TOPICS 198
7.1. Introduction 198
7.2. Copula constructions 202
7.3. Apposition and other parallelism 209
7.4. Genitives 215
7.5. Premodification 220
7.6. Compounds 222
7.7. Blends/portmanteaux 223
7.8. Topic specification across different parts of speech 223
7.9. Conclusion and summary on Topic specification/Indication 224
8 THE SPECIFICATION OF GROUNDS 229
8.1. Introduction 229
8.2. Preposed Grounds 234
8.3. Postposed Grounds 240
8.4. Pseudo grounds 247
8.5. Grounds at greater distances 248
8.6. Summary: the positioning of G terms 250
8.7. Overview of the clines of metaphoric force 252
9 THE INTERPLAY OF METAPHORS 255
9.1. Introduction: overview of the framework 255
9.2. Repetition 256
9.3. Multivalency 258
vii
CONTENTS
9.4. Diversification 259
9.5. Modification 261
9.6. Extension 264
9.7. Afixing 269
9.8. Compounding of metaphors 271
9.9. Literalization of Vehicles 272
9.10. Overdescription 279
9.11. Symbolism and the complications of metaphoric interplay 280
10 METAPHOR IN ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT 283
10.1. Introduction 283
10.2. Development of Relevance Theory: the needfor a social
dimension 283
10.3. Halliday s social dimension: a theory of contexts and
purposes 285
10.4. Relevance and social semiotics in Fairclough s model
of text Interpretation 286
10.5. Context and the interpretation of metaphor 293
10.6. Aspects of metaphorical expressions in different genres:
a survey and summary 311
10.7. PostScript: further research 318
10.8. Suggestions for further work 318
10.9. Envoi 327
Notes 329
References 335
Index 347
viii
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
0.1 Multiple possibilities for classification 3
1.1 A simple model of linguistic communication 14
1.2 Shared forms for superordinates and hyponyms 22
1.3 Degrees of conventionality: Tired, Sleeping, Dead and
Buried metaphors 32
1.4 Five metaphorical clines 38
1.5 A diagram of semantic distance 39
2.1 A map of Root Analogies in the lexicon of English 48 9
5.1 Sources of knowledge in text interpretation 137
5.2 Interpretation: propositions, thoughts and states of affairs 141
5.3 An elaborated model of linguistic communication 148
6.1 Scale of likelihood 193
7.1 Semantic relations within syntax 200
8.1 Predicate Grounds and Pseudo grounds 247
8.2 Five metaphorical clines 253
9.1 Types of metaphoric interplay 257
9.2 Symbolization and the interchange of Topic and Vehicle 281
10.1 Discourse type and social context 287
10.2 A model of text interpretation 289
10.3 An elaborated model of linguistic communication 293
10.4 Relative times for processors in different genres 310
10.5 Five metaphorical clines 317
PLATES
1 Advertisement for Meyer cookware 251
2 Advertisement for Anglia Building Society 304
3 Advertisement for Dutch cucumbers 324
ix
TABLES
1.1 Dead, Inactive and Active metaphors 34
2.1 Diverse Vehicles for language in the English lexicon 77
3.1 Metaphorical meanings in word formation 93
3.2 Word formation processes in the human = animal analogy 95
3.3 Denominal adjective suffixes and their metaphorical semantics 99
3.4 Passivization, nominalization and metaphor 102
4.1 Pathways of metaphorical interpretation 113
4.2 Literal and metaphorical similarities 120
6.1 Stages in metaphorical processing 168
6.2 The syntactic configuration of metaphor 170
6.3 Correlations between the functions of metaphors and their
marking and specification 171
6.4 The markers of metaphor 174 5
7.1 Types of syntactic Topic specification 202
7.2 The semantics of literal and metaphorical Apposition 210
7.3 The metaphorical semantics of the o/ Genitive 216
7.4 Heads and premodifiers in marked Partitive and Origin
Genitives 217
7.5 The syntax of Topic specification and Indication 225
8.1 Stages in metaphorical processing 229
8.2 Grounds: degrees of association with Vehicle and Topic 231
8.3 Syntactic resources for specifying Grounds 232 3
8.4 The syntactic configuration of metaphor 253
8.5 Vehicle prominence in syntax 254
9.1 Diverse Vehicles for the new people in William Golding s
The Inheritors 260
9.2 Modifikation within lexical sets 263
10.1 Metaphorical functions in different genres 300
10.2 A metaphorical profile of six genres 312 13
x
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Goatly, Andrew 1950- |
author_GND | (DE-588)13831084X |
author_facet | Goatly, Andrew 1950- |
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dewey-full | 420.141 |
dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
dewey-ones | 420 - English & Old English (Anglo-Saxon) |
dewey-raw | 420.141 |
dewey-search | 420.141 |
dewey-sort | 3420.141 |
dewey-tens | 420 - English & Old English (Anglo-Saxon) |
discipline | Soziologie Anglistik / Amerikanistik Literaturwissenschaft |
edition | 1. publ. |
format | Book |
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spelling | Goatly, Andrew 1950- Verfasser (DE-588)13831084X aut The language of metaphors Andrew Goatly 1. publ. London [u.a.] Routledge 1997 XVI, 360 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Grammatik - engelska sao Metaforer Semantik sao Språksociologi sao Stilistik sao Soziolinguistik (DE-588)4077623-2 gnd rswk-swf Stilistik (DE-588)4116621-8 gnd rswk-swf Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd rswk-swf Metapher (DE-588)4038935-2 gnd rswk-swf Metapher (DE-588)4038935-2 s Soziolinguistik (DE-588)4077623-2 s DE-604 Stilistik (DE-588)4116621-8 s Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007639717&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Goatly, Andrew 1950- The language of metaphors Grammatik - engelska sao Metaforer Semantik sao Språksociologi sao Stilistik sao Soziolinguistik (DE-588)4077623-2 gnd Stilistik (DE-588)4116621-8 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd Metapher (DE-588)4038935-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4077623-2 (DE-588)4116621-8 (DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4074250-7 (DE-588)4038935-2 |
title | The language of metaphors |
title_auth | The language of metaphors |
title_exact_search | The language of metaphors |
title_full | The language of metaphors Andrew Goatly |
title_fullStr | The language of metaphors Andrew Goatly |
title_full_unstemmed | The language of metaphors Andrew Goatly |
title_short | The language of metaphors |
title_sort | the language of metaphors |
topic | Grammatik - engelska sao Metaforer Semantik sao Språksociologi sao Stilistik sao Soziolinguistik (DE-588)4077623-2 gnd Stilistik (DE-588)4116621-8 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd Metapher (DE-588)4038935-2 gnd |
topic_facet | Grammatik - engelska Metaforer Semantik Språksociologi Stilistik Soziolinguistik Englisch Linguistik Metapher |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007639717&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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