Immigration and higher education: institutional responses to changing demographics
As immigration increases, so does its influence on U.S. demographics, including the demographics of higher education. Almost as many legal immigrants entered the United States during the 1980s (7.3 million) as during the preceding two decades (7.8 million). How and why have the nation's college...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Santa Monica, CA
RAND
1996
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | As immigration increases, so does its influence on U.S. demographics, including the demographics of higher education. Almost as many legal immigrants entered the United States during the 1980s (7.3 million) as during the preceding two decades (7.8 million). How and why have the nation's colleges and universities responded to a growing immigrant population on campus? This report addresses these questions. The picture that emerges is largely one of inattention coupled with widespread assumptions about immigrant students, assumptions that are unconfirmed by empirical data and analysis. The authors argue that, unchecked, these assumptions could result in unfair practices and reduced educational quality for immigrant students. Because of higher education's critical role in promoting economic assimilation, its leaders should be paying more attention to issues involving these students. To do so, they need descriptive statistics about immigrants' enrollment and retention in college, attitudinal and needs assessment studies, and evaluations of student outcomes and the effectiveness of remedial and English-as-a-second-language programs. Such information can help institutions determine whether administration and faculty perceptions and assumptions about immigrants provide an accurate foundation for future policy and program development. |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 117 S. |
| ISBN: | 0833023810 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a As immigration increases, so does its influence on U.S. demographics, including the demographics of higher education. Almost as many legal immigrants entered the United States during the 1980s (7.3 million) as during the preceding two decades (7.8 million). How and why have the nation's colleges and universities responded to a growing immigrant population on campus? This report addresses these questions. The picture that emerges is largely one of inattention coupled with widespread assumptions about immigrant students, assumptions that are unconfirmed by empirical data and analysis. The authors argue that, unchecked, these assumptions could result in unfair practices and reduced educational quality for immigrant students. Because of higher education's critical role in promoting economic assimilation, its leaders should be paying more attention to issues involving these students. To do so, they need descriptive statistics about immigrants' enrollment and retention in college, attitudinal and needs assessment studies, and evaluations of student outcomes and the effectiveness of remedial and English-as-a-second-language programs. Such information can help institutions determine whether administration and faculty perceptions and assumptions about immigrants provide an accurate foundation for future policy and program development. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
Preface iii
Tables ix
Summary xi
Acknowledgments xvii
Chapter One
INTRODUCTION 1
Study Goals 1
Analytic Framework 4
Access 4
Retention and Academic Success 5
Retention and Cocurricular Programs 5
Organizing Questions 6
Past Research 6
Methods 9
Site Selection 10
Characteristics of Sites 12
Case Study Procedures 15
Caveats and Limitations of the Methodology 17
Chapter Two
THE HIGHER EDUCATION CONTEXT 19
Higher Education 19
Overview of the Sector 19
A Dominant Policy Issue: Balancing Access and Rigor. . 22
Immigration 24
Immigrants in Higher Education 25
V
vi Immigration and Higher Education
Constraints and Influences on Institutional Responses
to Immigration 28
Lack of Focus on Immigrants 29
Lack of Data About Immigrants 30
Overall Positive Context 31
Chapter Three
IMMIGRANT ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION 33
Access: Issues and Strategies 33
Outreach and Recruitment 34
Admissions 35
Financial Aid 35
Immigrants as a Target Population 36
Institutional Responses to Immigration 36
Outreach and Recruitment 37
Admissions 38
Financial Aid 45
Perceived Need for Targeted Programs and Policies 49
Outreach and Admissions 49
Financial Aid 50
Perceived Appropriateness of Targeted Programs 51
Problems Common to Many Groups 51
Ambiguous Institutional Responsibility 52
Other Constraints 53
Resources 54
Staffing and Infrastructure 54
Unclear Policies 55
Summary 56
Chapter Four
ACADEMIC SUPPORT AND RETENTION 57
Academic Support: Issues and Strategies 57
Remediation 58
Academic Support Programs 58
Assessment Testing 59
Immigrants as a Target Population 59
Institutional Responses to Immigration 60
The Faculty Perspective 60
Institutional Responses: Policies and Practices 62
Perceived Need for Targeted Programs and Policies 65
Language Competency 66
Contents vii
Test Taking Skills 66
Cultural and Familial Barriers 66
Variation Among Subpopulations 67
Perceived Appropriateness of Targeted Programs 67
Other Constraints 68
The Quality Trade Off 68
Summary 70
Chapter Five
INSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH AS A SECOND
LANGUAGE 71
ESL: Issues and Strategies 71
Organizational Structure 71
Placement Tests 72
Enforcement 73
Immigrants as a Target Population 73
Institutional Responses to Immigration 74
Program Size 74
Restructuring 76
Policies and Procedures 76
Faculty Responses 77
Perceived Need for ESL 78
Perceived Appropriateness of Expanding ESL in
Response to Immigration 79
Other Constraints 80
Need Versus Demand for ESL 80
Ambivalence and Conflicts Regarding Program
Design 80
Unresolved Issues 81
Chapter Six
COCURRICULAR PROGRAMS 85
Cocurricular Needs of Immigrants 86
Institutional Responses to Immigration 87
Language Based Programs 87
Support Services for Ethnic Groups 87
Student Associations 88
Perceived Need for Targeted Programs 88
Perceived Appropriateness of Developing Targeted
Programs 89
Problems Are Common to Many Groups 90
viii Immigration and Higher Education
Growing Concerns Regarding Campus
Fragmentation 90
Other Constraints 90
Foreign Versus Immigrant Students 91
Demand for Cocurricular Services and Activities 91
Resource Constraints 92
Guiding Values 92
Chapter Seven
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 95
Findings 95
Unresolved Challenges Facing Institutions 97
Efficiency in Operations 97
Increased Diversity 98
Questions About Institutional Responsibilities 101
Future Directions 105
Bibliography 107
TABLES
1.1. Percentage of College Age Immigrants in Study
Locations 12
1.2. Overview of Sites 13
1.3. Number and Distribution of Interviews 16
3.1. Testing Policies for Immigrants 42
4.1. Assessment Requirements 59
5.1. Organization of ESL Programs and Departments . 73
ix |
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| spelling | Gray, Maryann Jacobi Verfasser aut Immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics Maryann Jacobi Gray ; Elizabeth Rolph ; Elan Melamid MR 751 AMF Santa Monica, CA RAND 1996 XVII, 117 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier As immigration increases, so does its influence on U.S. demographics, including the demographics of higher education. Almost as many legal immigrants entered the United States during the 1980s (7.3 million) as during the preceding two decades (7.8 million). How and why have the nation's colleges and universities responded to a growing immigrant population on campus? This report addresses these questions. The picture that emerges is largely one of inattention coupled with widespread assumptions about immigrant students, assumptions that are unconfirmed by empirical data and analysis. The authors argue that, unchecked, these assumptions could result in unfair practices and reduced educational quality for immigrant students. Because of higher education's critical role in promoting economic assimilation, its leaders should be paying more attention to issues involving these students. To do so, they need descriptive statistics about immigrants' enrollment and retention in college, attitudinal and needs assessment studies, and evaluations of student outcomes and the effectiveness of remedial and English-as-a-second-language programs. Such information can help institutions determine whether administration and faculty perceptions and assumptions about immigrants provide an accurate foundation for future policy and program development. EDUCATION / Educational Policy & Reform / General bisacsh Einwanderer Erziehung Education Demographic aspects United States Immigrants Education (Higher) United States Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd rswk-swf Schulbildung (DE-588)4180099-0 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 s Schulbildung (DE-588)4180099-0 s DE-604 Rolph, Elizabeth S. Verfasser aut Melamid, Elan Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007540449&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gray, Maryann Jacobi Rolph, Elizabeth S. Melamid, Elan Immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics EDUCATION / Educational Policy & Reform / General bisacsh Einwanderer Erziehung Education Demographic aspects United States Immigrants Education (Higher) United States Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd Schulbildung (DE-588)4180099-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4151434-8 (DE-588)4180099-0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics |
| title_alt | MR 751 AMF |
| title_auth | Immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics |
| title_exact_search | Immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics |
| title_full | Immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics Maryann Jacobi Gray ; Elizabeth Rolph ; Elan Melamid |
| title_fullStr | Immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics Maryann Jacobi Gray ; Elizabeth Rolph ; Elan Melamid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics Maryann Jacobi Gray ; Elizabeth Rolph ; Elan Melamid |
| title_short | Immigration and higher education |
| title_sort | immigration and higher education institutional responses to changing demographics |
| title_sub | institutional responses to changing demographics |
| topic | EDUCATION / Educational Policy & Reform / General bisacsh Einwanderer Erziehung Education Demographic aspects United States Immigrants Education (Higher) United States Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd Schulbildung (DE-588)4180099-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | EDUCATION / Educational Policy & Reform / General Einwanderer Erziehung Education Demographic aspects United States Immigrants Education (Higher) United States Schulbildung USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007540449&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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