Ocular allergy:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1997
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Immunology and allergy clinics of North America
17,1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VIII, 183 S. Ill. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | OCULAR ALLERGY
CONTENTS
Preface xi
Leonard Bielory
Ocular Mast Cells and Mediators 1
Anne Marie A. Irani
Mast cells are the principal cell type that initiates the humoral
and cellular inflammatory responses associated with immediate
hypersensitivity reactions. Preformed mediators of mast cells in¬
clude biogenic amines (histamine), proteoglycans (heparin and
chondroitin sulfate E), and neutral proteases (tryptase, chymase,
cathepsin G, and mast cell carboxypeptidase). Newly generated
mediators include products of arachidonic acid metabolism (leu
kotrienes and prostaglandins) and Th2 like cytokines (interleu
kins 4, 5, 6, and 13 and tumor necrosis factor a). At least two
types of human mast cells are recognized based on neutral prote¬
ase composition: MCTC (tryptase positive, chymase positive) and
MCT (tryptase positive, chymase negative) cells. Mast cells differ¬
entiate from hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow under the
influence of stem cell factor and complete their differentiation in
peripheral tissues. Ocular mast cells are normally of the MCTC
type and are most abundant in the conjunctival subepithelium
and the posterior choroid. Epithelial mast cells are increased in
the conjunctiva in chronic inflammatory disorders, such as vernal
conjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and atopic kerato
conjunctivitis. Mast cell degranulation and infiltration of the
conjunctiva with mast cells of the MCi type are demonstrated in
vernal conjunctivitis.
Allergic Conjunctivitis 19
Leonard Bielory, Mitchell H. Friedlaender,
and Hiroshi Fujishima
Allergic conjunctivitis, unlike many ocular conditions, is rarely
associated with permanent visual impairment. It is, however, a
IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
VOLUME 17 • NUMBER 1 • FEBRUARY 1997 V
common and extremely uncomfortable problem for those who
are affected. Because patients with allergic conjunctivitis may be
seen by the allergist and the ophthalmologist, it is important for
both to recognize the hallmarks of allergic conjunctivitis and to
understand the different therapeutic alternatives for the manage¬
ment of this condition.
Vernal Conjunctivitis 33
Yunhee Lee and Michael B. Raizman
Vernal conjunctivitis (VC) is a bilateral, seasonal, external ocular
inflammatory disease of unknown cause. VC is most common in
the spring, thus the name vernal. Affected patients experience
itching, tearing, photophobia, and mucus discharge, and they
usually demonstrate large cobblestone papillae on their superior
tarsal conjunctiva or limbal conjunctiva. The disease primarily
affects children, is related to atopy, and has geographic and
racial predilections. Though usually self limited, VC can result in
potentially blinding corneal complications. Treatment of ocular
allergies may necessitate collaborative efforts of the ophthalmolo¬
gist and the allergist.
Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis 53
Peter C. Donshik and William H. Ehlers
Giant papillary conjunctivitis was first described in 1974 as an
allergic like reaction on the upper tarsal plate in 78 of 170 contact
lens wearers. Topics discussed in this article include signs and
symptoms, stages, epidemiology, histopathology, coated contact
lenses, pathophysiology, and treatment.
Treatment of Ocular Allergy 75
E. Lee Stock and Leonard Bielory
Allergic ocular diseases are mediated primarily by mast cells but
also by lymphocytes. A wide variety of therapeutic agents are
available; their appropriate usage depends both upon an accurate
diagnosis as well as on an understanding of their mechanisms of
action and side effects. Many promising new oral and topical
agents for the treatment of ocular allergic disease are currently
under investigation.
Keratitis Sicca and Dry Eye Syndrome 89
William H. Constad and Neelakshi Bhagat
The term dry eye refers to an ocular surface condition caused by
a group of diseases sharing the common signs and symptoms of
dryness. Dry eye syndrome and keratoconjunctivitis sicca are
often used interchangeably; however, they are actually separate
VI CONTENTS
conditions that lie along a disease spectrum that affects the wet¬
ting and lubricating properties of tears. Topics discussed in this
article include tear film, etiology of dry eye syndrome, systemic
diseases, and the clinical picture.
Dermatologic Disorders of the Eyelids 103
Vincent S. Beltrani
Topics discussed in this article include basic dermatology, macu
lar lesions, papules or plaques, wheals or edema, nodules or
tumors, vesicles, and chronic contact dermatitis.
Contact Dermatitis of the Eye 131
Leonard Bielory
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions involving the eyelids and
conjunctiva frequently cause an individual to seek medical atten¬
tion whereas cutaneous reactions elsewhere on the skin are less
of a concern. Because it is soft, pliable, and thin, eyelid skin
increases the eyelid s susceptibility to contact dermatitis. The skin
is capable of developing significant swelling and redness with
minor degrees of inflammation. Contact dermatitis is the most
common eruption of the eyelid.
Autoimmune Subepithelial Blistering Diseases with
Ocular Involvement 139
Frederic A. Caux, George J. Giudice, Luis A. Diaz,
and Janet A. Fairley
This article focuses on the autoimmune subepithelial blistering
diseases with ocular involvement. This heterogeneous group in¬
cludes cicatricial pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita,
and linear IgA disease. Circulating, antibasement membrane,
zone specific antibodies directed against particular antigens are
detected in these patients. We report the clinical manifestations
with emphasis on ocular lesions, histologic and immunopatho
logic findings, pathogenesis, and treatment. Management of these
diseases requires collaborative efforts between the dermatologist
and the ophthalmologist.
Pediatric Concerns of Ocular Inflammation 161
Rudolph S. Wagner
Conjunctivitis is encountered frequently in the pediatric popula¬
tion. This article reviews the differential diagnosis of pediatric
ocular inflammatory disease, emphasizing the conditions unique
to children s eyes. Management of allergic conjunctivitis is re¬
viewed. Selection of appropriate topical medications used in the
treatment of conjunctivitis is described. Clinical signs of congeni
CONTENTS Vli
tal nasolacrimal duct obstruction, infantile glaucoma, and infec¬
tious conjunctivitis are presented and compared to the signs and
symptoms of pediatric allergic conjunctivitis.
Index 179
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viiJ CONTENTS
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| spellingShingle | Ocular allergy Immunology and allergy clinics of North America Allergie gtt Hypersensitivité Maladies de l'oeil Oogontsteking gtt Allergy Eye Diseases Hypersensitivity Ocular manifestations of general diseases Allergie (DE-588)4001257-8 gnd Bindehautentzündung (DE-588)4145559-9 gnd Augenkrankheit (DE-588)4112627-0 gnd Lid (DE-588)4167606-3 gnd Allergodermatose (DE-588)4210008-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4001257-8 (DE-588)4145559-9 (DE-588)4112627-0 (DE-588)4167606-3 (DE-588)4210008-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Ocular allergy |
| title_auth | Ocular allergy |
| title_exact_search | Ocular allergy |
| title_full | Ocular allergy Leonard Bielory |
| title_fullStr | Ocular allergy Leonard Bielory |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ocular allergy Leonard Bielory |
| title_short | Ocular allergy |
| title_sort | ocular allergy |
| topic | Allergie gtt Hypersensitivité Maladies de l'oeil Oogontsteking gtt Allergy Eye Diseases Hypersensitivity Ocular manifestations of general diseases Allergie (DE-588)4001257-8 gnd Bindehautentzündung (DE-588)4145559-9 gnd Augenkrankheit (DE-588)4112627-0 gnd Lid (DE-588)4167606-3 gnd Allergodermatose (DE-588)4210008-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Allergie Hypersensitivité Maladies de l'oeil Oogontsteking Allergy Eye Diseases Hypersensitivity Ocular manifestations of general diseases Bindehautentzündung Augenkrankheit Lid Allergodermatose Aufsatzsammlung |
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