Cellular mobile systems engineering:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
Artech House
1996
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| Schriftenreihe: | The Artech House mobile communications series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 292 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0890065187 |
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| adam_text | Cellular Mobile
Systems Engineering
Saleh Faruque
Artech House
Boston • London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Faruque, Saieh
Cellular mobile systems engineering / Saleh Faruque
p cm
Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN 0-89006-518-7 (alk paper)
1 Cellular radio—Design and construction I Tide
TK6570 M6F37 1996
621 3845*6—dc20 96-46063
CIP
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Faruque, Saleh
Cellular mobile systems engineering
1 Cellular radio
I Title
621 3*8456
ISBN 0-89006-518-7
Cover design by Jennifer Makower
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© 1996 ARTECH HOUSE, INC
685 Canton Street
HESSISCHE LANDES- UND
HOCHSCHULBIBLIOTHEK
DARMSTADT
Norwood, MA 02062
All rights reserved Printed and bound in the United States of America No part of this book
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ
ing photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have
been appropriately capitalized Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa
tion Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade
mark or service mark
International Standard Book Number: 0-89006-518-7
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-46063
amp; iffS-3 d
▼ ▼▼
Contents
Preface xv
Chapter 1 Introduction to Cellular Technology 1
1 1 Historical Overview 1
1 2 Progress in Radio Communications 2
1 3 Cellular Concept 4
1 4 Cellular Frequency Bands 5
141 North American AMPS and TDMA Bands 5
142 North American CDMA Bands 6
143 North American PCS Bands 8
1 5 Salient Features of Cellular Radio 10
151 Mobility 10
152 Capacity 12
153 Frequency Reuse 12
154 Roaming 14
155 Data Transmission 15
References 16
Chapter 2 Elements of the Cellular Communication System 17
2 1 The Generic System 17
2 2 Public Switching Telephone Network and Its Subsystems 19
vii
viii CELLULAR MOBILE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
221 System Overview 19
222 Network Hierarchy 21
2 3 The Mobile Switching Center and Its Subsystems 22
2 4 Cellular Services Offered by MSC (MTX) 25
241 Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) 25
242 Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 27
243 Communication Protocol 28
244 Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) 35
245 Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 35
246 Other Services Offered by MSC (MTX) 37
2 5 The Mobile 38
2 6 The Cell 38
2 7 Cell Coverage 41
2 8 Cell Cluster and Frequency Reuse Plan 42
2 9 Cochannel Interference 43
2 10 Channel Capacity 44
2 11 Sectorization 45
2 12 Cell Site Configurations 46
2 13 Cellular Antennas 46
2 13 1 Antenna Directivity and Gain 48
2 13 2 Antenna Beam Width 48
2 13 3 Antenna Front-to-Back Ratio 48
2 13 4 Frequency Response and Bandwidth 50
References 51
Chapter 3 North American Dual-Mode AMPS-TDMA 53
3 1 Introduction 53
3 2 The AMPS 54
3 3 AMPS Frequency Bands and Channels 56
3 4 AMPS Call Processing 57
341 Introduction 57
342 Land to Mobile Call 57
343 Mobile to Land Call 57
344 Mobile-to-Mobile Call 60
345 Basic Hand-Off 60
3 5 Cellular Control Channel 61
351 Introduction 61
352 Control Channel Modulation and Demodulation
Techniques 63
353 Forward Control Channel Description 64
354 Reverse Control Channel Description 66
3 6 Control Channel Capacity 67
Contents ix
361 RECC Capacity 68
362 FOCC Paging Capacity 71
363 Summary of Control Channel Capacity 72
3 7 AMPS Voice Channel 73
371 AMPS Voice Signal Transmission 73
372 Supervisory Audio Tone (SAT) 77
373 Signaling Tone (ST) 77
374 Data Transmission Over the Voice Channel 77
3 8 AMPS Locate Channel and Its Functions 78
381 General Description 78
382 Hand-Off Processing 79
383 Locate Channel Capacity 86
References 87
Chapter 4 Introduction to CDMA 89
4 1 Introduction 89
4 2 Basic Concept of the Spread Spectrum 90
421 Spectrum 90
422 Spectrum Spreading 92
423 Process Gain 93
424 Summary of Findings 94
4 3 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 94
431 DS Spectrum Spreading 94
432 DS Spectrum Despreading 95
4 4 DS Spreading and Despreading in the Presence
of Interference 97
4 5 DS Spread-Spectrum Modulation and Demodulation
Techniques 99
4 6 DS Spread-Spectrum Radio 99
4 7 What Is DS-CDMA? 102
471 Reverse Link DS-CDMA 102
472 Forward Link DS-CDMA 102
4 8 PN Sequence 103
481 Orthogonal Codes 105
482 Walsh Code 106
4 9 North American DS-CDMA Standard 109
4 10 CDMA Frequency Bands 109
4 11 CDMA Codes and Its Usage 109
4 11 1 Walsh Code 110
4 11 2 Long PN Code 110
4 11 3 Short PN Code 110
4 12 CDMA Air-Links 110
x CELLULAR MOB/LE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
4 12 1 Forward Pilot Channel 112
4 12 2 Forward Sync Channel 112
4 12 3 Forward Paging Channel 113
4 12 4 Forward Traffic Channel 115
4 12 5 Reverse Access Channel 115
4 12 6 Reverse Traffic Channel 118
4 13 CDMA Soft Capacity 118
4 14 CDMA Power Control 121
4 14 1 Why Is Power Control Needed in CDMA? 121
4 14 2 Reverse Link Open-Loop Power Control 122
4 14 3 Reverse Link Closed-Loop Power Control 122
4 14 4 Forward Link Power Control 125
4 15 CDMA Call Processing 125
4 15 1 Basic Call Processing Functions 125
4 15 2 CDMA Hand-Off 126
References 127
Chapter 5 Propagation Prediction 129
5 1 Introduction 129
5 2 Mechanism of Free-Space Propagation 130
5 3 Mechanism of Multipath Propagation 133
531 Urban Propagation Environments 135
532 Effects of Shadowing 135
533 Propagation in Marine Environments 136
5 4 The Cell 136
5 5 Classical Propagation Models 137
551 Hata Urban and Dense Urban Model 139
552 Hata Suburban and Rural Model 140
553 Walfisch-Ikegami Model 141
554 Conclusions 143
5 6 Approximations for Low-Power Microcells 144
561 Introduction 144
562 Two-Ray Model 145
563 Effect of Fresnel Zone 146
564 An Alternate Proof 147
5 7 In-Building RF Coverage 149
571 Indoor Coverage From Outdoor Antennas (Two-
Ray Approximations) 151
572 Indoor Coverage From Indoor Antennas (Three-
Ray Approximations) 151
5 8 Prediction Model 154
581 Multipath Attenuation 156
Contents xi
582 Multipath Tolerance 156
583 Multipath Gain 156
584 LOS Hand-Off Mechanism 157
585 LOS Interference 157
586 Effects of Multipath and Shadowing 159
587 Ceil Site Location 161
588 Coverage Prediction 162
589 Receiver Sensitivity As a Function of Breakpoint 162
5 9 LOS Coverage Beyond the Breakpoint 164
591 Introduction 164
592 Regression Analysis 165
593 Prediction of Random Data With Confidence 167
594 Application of Fuzzy Logic 170
5 10 Computer-Aided Prediction Techniques 171
5 10 1 Single Coverage Plot 171
5 10 2 Composite Coverage Plot 173
5 10 3 Interference Analysis 173
5 11 RF Survey 176
5 11 1 Antenna Calibration 176
5 11 2 Forward Path RF Survey 179
5 11 3 Revere Path Radio Survey 180
5 11 4 Sampling Rate and Vehicle Speed 181
5 12 Conclusions 182
References 183
Chapter 6 The Art of Traffic Engineering 185
6 1 Introduction 185
6 2 Traffic Characteristics 187
6 3 Intensity and Units of Traffic 188
6 4 Grade of Service 188
6 5 Traffic Calculations (Poisson’s Distribution) 189
6 6 Principle of Base Station Provisioning 191
661 Acquisition of Population Density 191
662 Hexagonal Cell Grid Overlay 191
663 Traffic Bin Count 192
664 Traffic Count in Erlangs 193
665 Channel Count 193
6 7 Design Constraints 194
6 8 Trunking Efficiency 194
References 197
Chapter 7 Frequency Planning 199
7 1 Introduction 199
xii CELLULAR MOBILE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
7 2 Transmitting/Receiving Channel Pairing 200
7 3 Frequency Band Allocation and Channel Numbering 201
7 4 Channel Grouping and Reuse Plan 202
75N=7 OMNI Frequency Plan 202
751 Evaluation of Cochannel Interference 203
752 Evaluation of Adjacent Channel Interference 206
753 Channel Capacity in N=7 OMNI Frequency Plan 207
754N=7 Trapezoidal Plan with Alternate Channel
Assignment 207
76N=9 OMNI Frequency Plan 208
761 C/I Considerations 209
762 ACI Considerations 209
763N=9 OMNI Plan 210
764N=9 OMNI Growth Plan 210
765 Evaluation of Cochannel Interference 210
766 Evaluation of Adjacent Channel Interference 211
767N=9 OMNI Capacity 213
7 7 120-Deg Sectorization 214
771N= 7/21, 120-Deg Sectored Plan 214
772N= 7/21, 120-Deg Cochannel Interference 215
773N= 7/21, 120-Deg Capacity 216
78N= 4/24 Tricellular Plan 217
781 Alternate Channel Assignment 218
782 Cyclic Distribution of Channels 221
783 Cochannel Interference in N=4 222
784N=4 Tricellular Capacity 223
79N=3 Tricellular Plan 224
791 Alternate Channel Assignment 224
792 Cyclic Distribution of Channels 225
793N=3 Cochannel Interference 226
794N=3 Tricellular Capacity 227
7 10 60-Deg Sectorization 227
7 10 1N= 4/24, 60-Deg Sectored Plan 228
7 10 2N= 4, 60-Deg Cochannel Interference 229
7 10 3N= 4/24, 60-Deg Capacity 230
7 11 N = 3, 60-Deg Sectorization 230
7 11 1N= 3, 60-Deg Plan 231
7 11 2 Evaluation of Cochannel Interference 231
7 12 Directional Frequency Reuse 232
7 12 1 Directional Frequency Reuse Plan 233
7 12 2 Directional Frequency Reuse Growth Plan 233
7 13 SAT Planning 235
Contents xHi
7 13 1 Version 1: Alternate SAT Distribution Within
a Cluster 236
7 13 2 Version 2: SAT Reuse Within a Cluster 237
7 14 Digital Color Code Planning 237
7 15 A Classical Method of Evaluating Cochannel and Adjacent
Channel Interference 240
7 15 1 Cochannel Interference 240
7 15 2 Adjacent Channel Interference 242
7 16 Conclusions 244
References 244
Chapter 8 Cell Site Engineering 247
8 1 Introduction 247
8 2 Initial Planning and Design Considerations 249
821 Site Selection for Dual-Mode AMPS-TDMA 249
822 Tolerance of Cell Site Location 250
823 C/I Versus Capacity 251
824 Cell Planning and Frequency Planning
Considerations 254
825 C/I Versus Antenna Height 256
8 3 Antenna Directivity and Frequency Reuse 259
831 Principle of Directional Reuse 259
832N=6 Directional Reuse 260
833N=4 Directional Reuse 262
834 Tolerance of Site Location Due to Directional
Reuse 264
8 4 Propagation Prediction and Link Budget 265
841 Choice of Prediction Model 265
842 Model-Based Link Budget 266
8 5 Base Station Provisioning 270
8 6 Intermodulation 270
861 Compression Point 271
862 Intermod Products 271
863 Intermod Power 272
864 Cellular Intermod Products 272
865 Intermod Reduction Techniques 275
8 7 Antenna Downtilt 277
871 Mechanical Downtilt 278
872 Mechanical Downtilt in a Reuse Plan 279
873 Electrical Downtilt and Greater Frequency Reuse 279
References 280
About the Author 281
Index 283
|
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| spelling | Faruque, Saleh Verfasser aut Cellular mobile systems engineering Saleh Faruque Boston [u.a.] Artech House 1996 XVII, 292 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Artech House mobile communications series Systèmes de communication sans fil ram Téléphonie mobile publique - Conception et construction ram Cell phone systems Design and construction Zellkommunikation (DE-588)4136131-3 gnd rswk-swf Zellkommunikation (DE-588)4136131-3 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007520398&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Faruque, Saleh Cellular mobile systems engineering Systèmes de communication sans fil ram Téléphonie mobile publique - Conception et construction ram Cell phone systems Design and construction Zellkommunikation (DE-588)4136131-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4136131-3 |
| title | Cellular mobile systems engineering |
| title_auth | Cellular mobile systems engineering |
| title_exact_search | Cellular mobile systems engineering |
| title_full | Cellular mobile systems engineering Saleh Faruque |
| title_fullStr | Cellular mobile systems engineering Saleh Faruque |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular mobile systems engineering Saleh Faruque |
| title_short | Cellular mobile systems engineering |
| title_sort | cellular mobile systems engineering |
| topic | Systèmes de communication sans fil ram Téléphonie mobile publique - Conception et construction ram Cell phone systems Design and construction Zellkommunikation (DE-588)4136131-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Systèmes de communication sans fil Téléphonie mobile publique - Conception et construction Cell phone systems Design and construction Zellkommunikation |
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