The making of an enterprise: the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Stanford, California
Stanford University Press
[1996]
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXXI, 707 Seiten Illustrationen |
ISBN: | 0804722714 9780804722711 |
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Contents
Abbreviations xxiii
Glossary xxix
Editorial Conventions xxxi
I. THE CREATION
1. The Founding of a Controversial New Society 3
The Origins of the Society; The Organization of the Society; Unique
and Controversial Features of the Society; Defining the Society 3s
Mission: The Beginning of Hostility Toward the Society
2. Formation of the Province of Portugal, 1541—ca. 1615 24
The Rise of Portugal·, The Coming of the Jesuits; Beginnings of an
Enterprise; Growth of an Enterprise; The Problem of Motivation
II. EXPANSION
3. Foundations of an Enterprise: The Distant Empire
and Beyond, 1542—ca. 1615 41
Beginnings of a Thalossocracy; The Achievements of Francis Xavier.
The Goan Hub; The jNorthern and Southern Spokes; Jesuits Reach
the Mughal Court; The Western Spokes; Alessandro Valignano Turns
the Society Eastward: The First Eastern Spokes: Malacca and
the Afoluecas; Japan. *14 World Apart'՜: The Chinese Spoke:
The Beginnings of the Enterprise in Brazil·^ Jesuit Beginnings in Kongo
and Angola
xm
XIV
CONTENTS
4. The Perils of Propinquity: The Jesuits and the Crown,
i557-l64° 79
The End of an Ideal King and of a Popular Dynasty; The Succes-
sion Crisis, 1578-80; The Philippine Interlude, 1580-1640
5. Years of Achievement and Disappointment: The Jesuits
and the Crown, 1640-1706 101
The Jesuits as Collaborators of John IV, 1640-56; The Perilous Tears,
1656-68; The Petrine Interlude, 1668-1706
6. Mandarins and Martyrs: Gains and Losses in the East
During the Seventeenth Century 130
The End of the Japan Enterprise; The Restructured Japan Province;
The Eastern Rival: The Enterprise in China; Expansion in the West;
The Limits of the Possible
7. An Empire and a Society in Peril: Consequences of
the Anglo-Dutch Intrusions in the Eastern Seas,
1600-1641 159
Beginnings of the North European Intrusions in the East; The
First Alajor Territorial Losses; The Worsening Crisis in the East; Signs
of Impending Collapse, 1656-41
8. The Collapse of the Estado da India and Its Impact
upon the Society, 1641—1700 181
The Troublesome Luso-Dutch Truce; The Lull Before the Storm, 1645-
50: The Storm, 1650-65; The Transfer of Bombay: A Case of Un-
fulfilled Promises; Arab and Indian Attacks on the Estado, 1661-gS;
The Rise of the Maratha Menace; The Waning of an Enterprise
9. Vicissitudes of the Enterprise in the Atlantic World
During the Seventeenth Century 206
The First Dutck Invasion of Brazil; The Second Dutch Intrusion; A
Failed Enterprise: The Cape Verde Mission; A Troubled Enterprise: The
Jesuits in Angola and Kongo; Recovery and Expansion in Brazil
III. ORGANIZATION
10. The Governance of an Enterprise: The Hierarchy of
the Portuguese Assistancy 229
Meetings, Periodic and Irregular; The Generals and Their Assistants;
lntra-Assistancy Rivalries; Provincials; Rectors, and Other Superiors;
The Visitors
CONTENTS
XV
11. Recruitment for an Enterprise: The Pertinacity
of Eurocentrism 255
The Exclusion of New Christians; Discrim ination Against Colonial-
Born Whites and Mixed Bloods; The Thorny Issue of the Admission
of Nonwhite Clergy; The Problem of Other Europeans Serving in the
Assistancy; A Prosopography of the Assistancy; Estimates of Jesuit
Longevities; The Creation and Maintenance of a Public Image; Dis-
posing of the Unfit: A Case of Double Standards
12. The Fiscal Administration of an Enterprise 298
The Missions Procurators; The Provincial Procurators; The College
Procurators; The Estate Managers
IV. FINANCING AN ENTERPRISE:
SOURCES OF CONTROVERSY
13. The Crown as Benefactor and Taskmaster 321
“By Robbing Peter He Paid Paul”; Other Royal Subventions: The Prob-
lem of Delinquent Payments: “The Ijord Giveth and the Uml Taketh
Away”; Unwanted Burdens
14. “Sharers in the Good Works”: The Society’s
Other Patrons 345
Benefits to the Benefactors: Jesuit Benefactors; Other Ecclesiastical Bene-
factors; Noble Patrons; Unranked Benefactors: Families and Couples;
Unranked Benefactors: Bachelors and Widows; Less Conspicuous Bene-
factors; Legac ies as Mixed Blessings
15. The Economic Foundations of an Enterprise:
The Acquisition of Lands 376
Origins of the Church as Landowner, How the Jesuits Became a Ter-
ritorial Power in the Assistancy; The Extent of the Jesuits’ Patrimony-
Some Further Considerations Concerning the Jesuits' Patrimony; The
Emergence of Great Estates; Land Revenues from Villages; Sources of
Urban Income
16. The Economic Foundations of an Enterprise:
The Utilization of Lands 402
The Jesuits as iMndlords: The Jesuits as Stockmen; The Prevalence
of Agriculture: The Jesuits as Reluctant Sugar Planters
17. An Enterprise Under Attack: Attempts to Monitor,
Curtail, and Eliminate the Jesuits’ Patrimony 430
The Benevolent Years, lyqf-So: Philippine Efforts to Check the Growth
of Jesuit Latifundia: Criticism of Jesuit Ijmdholding During the
Restoration and the Petrine Years; The Second Threat by the State to
Confiscate Jesuit Properties; The East India Company Versus the
XVI
CONTENTS
Jesuits; The Jesuits as Scapegoats: The Case of India: Increasing
Complaints from Brazil; When Is Enough Enough?
18. God’s Share or the King’s? Jesuit Resistance to
Payment of Tithes
Background; Tithe Debates in the Kingdom; Disputes Concerning Tithes
in ike State of Brazil; Persistent Tithe Controversies in the State of
Maranhão
19. Jesuit Efforts to Defend the “Freedom” of the
Brazilian Indians
Perceptions of the Amerindians; The Mission System and Its Conse-
quences; Beginnings of the Conflict Between the Jesuits and the Set-
tlers Concerning Indian Slavery; The Great “TempestAntônio Vieira
and the Struggle for Indian Liberty; The Efforts of Pedro II to Pro-
tect the Brasis; The Conflict over “Indian Freedom” in Maranhão
20. Those Who Also Served: Bondsmen and Lay Servants
The Labor Needs of the Society; Jesuit Attitudes Toward Slavery;
Jesuit Reliance upon African Slavery in Portugal, Asia, and Africa;
Jesuit Dependence upon Black Slaves in Brazil
21. For Piety or Profit? The Commercial Activities of
the Jesuits in the Portuguese Empire
Royal Ambivalence Toward Jesuit Commercial Activities; The Vehi-
cles of Jesuit Commerce; The Jesuits3 Role in the Japan Trades; The
Macaonese Hub; The Alleged Jesuit Commercial Hegemony in India;
Jesuit Involvement in the African Slave Trade; The Jesuits and the
Brazil Trades; Myths and Realities Concerning the Jesuits3 Trading
Network
22. Alternative Forms of Risk-Taking: The Jesuits as
Lenders and Borrowers
The College of Santo Antao as Borrower and Lender, The Aveiro Loan
Debacle; Investments by the Portuguese Province During the Eighteenth
Century; The Anomaly of the Brazil Provinces; Investment Patterns
Among the Eastern Provinces
46l
474
502
528
552
V. AN ENTERPRISE QUESTIONED
23. Vicissitudes of a Beleaguered Enterprise: The Society on
the Defensive, 1700-1750
Of Rites and Wrongs: The Erosion of the Enterprise in
Southeast Asia and China; The Beleaguered Provinces of Goa and Mal-
abar: Brazil: An Expanding Enterprise; Tribulations of the Society in
Joanine Portugal
571
CONTENTS
XVII
24. Striking a Balance: For God or Mammon? 614
Poverty, “The Strong Wallw; Scrupulosity: Jesuit Record-Keeping:
Patterns of Income; Patterns of Expenditure; Parameters of Shared Costs',
The Persistent Preoccupation with Debts
25. An Enterprise with a Rich Past but an Uncertain Future 651
APPENDIXES
A. Concerning Coinage, Money of Account, and
Conversions 665
B. The Society of Jesus as the Alleged First
Multinational Firm 668
C. Relations Between the Society and the Portuguese
Inquisition 670
D. Number of Jesuits Serving in the Portuguese
Assistance 1549-1760 674
E. Inventory of Supplies, New St. Paul’s College,
Goa, 1707 677
F. The Fate of the Jesuits Serving in the College of
Olinda and Its Dependencies at the Time of
the Second Dutch Invasion, 1630 680
Bibliographical Note 683
Index 691
Maps follow p. xxxi.
Illustrations follow pp. 38 and 318. |
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spelling | Alden, Dauril 1926- Verfasser (DE-588)133496198 aut The making of an enterprise the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 Dauril Alden Stanford, California Stanford University Press [1996] XXXI, 707 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Jesuitorden (Portugal) Jesuits - Portugal - History Jesuits - Portugal - Political activity - History Societas Iesu Jesuiten (DE-588)80092-2 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1540-1750 gnd rswk-swf Portugal (DE-588)4046843-4 gnd rswk-swf Portugal (DE-588)4046843-4 g Jesuiten (DE-588)80092-2 b Geschichte 1540-1750 z DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007502846&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Alden, Dauril 1926- The making of an enterprise the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 Jesuitorden (Portugal) Jesuits - Portugal - History Jesuits - Portugal - Political activity - History Societas Iesu Jesuiten (DE-588)80092-2 gnd |
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title | The making of an enterprise the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 |
title_auth | The making of an enterprise the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 |
title_exact_search | The making of an enterprise the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 |
title_full | The making of an enterprise the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 Dauril Alden |
title_fullStr | The making of an enterprise the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 Dauril Alden |
title_full_unstemmed | The making of an enterprise the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 Dauril Alden |
title_short | The making of an enterprise |
title_sort | the making of an enterprise the society of jesus in portugal its empire and beyond 1540 1750 |
title_sub | the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond : 1540-1750 |
topic | Jesuitorden (Portugal) Jesuits - Portugal - History Jesuits - Portugal - Political activity - History Societas Iesu Jesuiten (DE-588)80092-2 gnd |
topic_facet | Jesuitorden (Portugal) Jesuits - Portugal - History Jesuits - Portugal - Political activity - History Societas Iesu Jesuiten Portugal |
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