Functional roles of biodiversity: a global perspective
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | International Council of Scientific Unions / Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment: SCOPE
55 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 493 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0471956015 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Functional roles of biodiversity |b a global perspective |c ed. by Harold A. Mooney |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester [u.a.] |b Wiley |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 493 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a International Council of Scientific Unions / Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment: SCOPE |v 55 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Biodiversiteit |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Diversité biologique |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Écologie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Écosystèmes |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ökologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biological diversity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ecology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | SCOPE 55 FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF BIODIVERSITY A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE EDITED BY
HAROLD A. MOONEY STANFORD UNIVERSITY, USA J. HALL CUSHMAN SONOMA STATE
UNIVERSITY V USA ERNESTO MEDINA IVIC,, CENTRO DE ECOLOGIA, VENEZUELA
OSVALDO E. SALA UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA ERNST-DETLEF
SCHULZE UNIVERSITAT BAYREUTH, GERMANY PUBLISHED ON BEHALF OF THE
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON PROBLEMS OF THE ENVIRONMENT (SCOPE) OF THE
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS (ICSU) AND OF THE UNITED
NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP) UNEP BY JOHN WILEY & SONS
CHICHESTER * NEW YORK * BRISBANE * TORONTO * SINGAPORE CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS XIX 1 THE SCOPE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING OF BIODIVERSITY
PROGRAM 1 H.A. MOONEY, J. HALL CUSHMAN, ERNESTO MEDINA, OSVALDO E. SALA
AND E.D. SCHULZE 1. 1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 THE SCOPE PROGRAM 2 1.3 THE
GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 4 1.4 PROGRAM PUBLICATIONS 5 2 ARCTIC AND
ALPINE BIODIVERSITY: ITS PATTERNS, CAUSES AND ECOSYSTEM CONSEQUENCES 7
F. STUART CHAPIN III AND CHRISTIAN KO RNER 2. 1 THE ARCTIC AND ALPINE
BIOTA 8 2.2 PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE CHANGES IN BIODIVERSITY 11 2.3
EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES 12 2.3.1 NUTRIENT CYCLING
AND ENERGY FLOW 13 2.3.2 SPECIALIZATION IN RESOURCE CAPTURE 18 2.3.3
NUTRIENT INPUTS AND LOSSES 20 2.3.4 ENERGY INPUTS AND LOSSES 22 2.3.5
LANDSCAPE CONTROLS OVER INPUTS AND LOSSES 23 2.3.6 MAINTENANCE OF
ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY 23 2.3.7 INSURANCE 25 2.4 CONCLUSIONS 26 REFERENCES
27 3 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN BOREAL REGIONS 33 JOHN
PASTOR, DAVID J. MLADENOFF, YRJO HAILA, JOHN BRYANT AND , SERGE PAYETTE
3.1 INTRODUCTION 33 3.2 NATURAL DIVERSITY OF BOREAL REGIONS 36 3.2.1
TREE SPECIES 36 3.2.2 MAMMALS 40 3.2.3 BIRDS 42 3.2.4 INSECTS ^ 44
3.2.5 POPULATION CYCLES AND BIODIVERSITY 45 VIII CONTENTS 3.2.6
LANDSCAPES AND DISTURBANCES 46 3.2.7 SYNTHESIS OF ECOSYSTEM CONSEQUENCES
OF THE NATURAL PATTERNS OF BIODIVERSITY 48 3.3 HUMAN-INDUCED CHANGES AND
THEIR EFFECTS ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 51 3.3.1 CLIMATE
AND ATMOSPHERE 51 3.3.2 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 53 3.4 RESEARCH NEEDS 55 .
3.4.1 LONG-TERM SURVEYS 55 3.4.2 EXPERIMENTS 56 3.4.3 MODELS OF BOREAL
FORESTS 58 3.5 SUMMARY 59 REFERENCES 59 4 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION OF TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS 71 E.-D. SCHULZE,
F.A. BAZZAZ, K.J. NADELHOFFER, T. KOIKE AND S. TAKATSUKI 4.1
INTRODUCTION 71 4.2 BIODIVERSITY IN TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST 73 4.3
LINKING BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES 81 4.4 IMPACT OF
BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES 83 4.4.1 EFFECTS ON FOREST
PRODUCTIVITY 83 4.4.2 EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT CYCLING 84 4.4.3 EFFECTS ON
BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM WATER RELATIONS 85 4.4.4 EFFECTS OF
BIODIVERSITY ON FOREST RESILIENCE 88 4.5 EFFECTS OF LAND-USE CONVERSIONS
AND MANAGEMENT ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS 91 4.5.1 CONVERSION OF
BROAD-LEAVED FOREST INTO CONIFEROUS PLANTATION 91 4.5.2 CONVERSION OF
BROAD-LEAVED FOREST INTO GRASSLAND AND AGRICULTURE 92 4.5.3 OLD FIELD
REAFFORESTATION 92 4.5.4 FRAGMENTATION AND EFFECTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT
93 4.5.5 DELETION AND INVASION 93 4.6 CONCLUSIONS 93 REFERENCES 94 5
ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION OF BIODIVERSITY IN ARID ECOSYSTEMS 99 L.F. HUENNEKE
AND I. NOBLE 5.1 INTRODUCTION 99 5.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN
ARID LANDS 100 5.3 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES 103 CONTENTS IX
5.3.1 PRODUCTION 103 5.3.2 SOIL STRUCTURE AND NUTRIENTS 104 5.3.3 WATER
DISTRIBUTION AND QUALITY 106 5.3.4 ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES AND FEEDBACKS
107 5.3.5 LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE 108 5.3.6 BIOTIC LINKAGES AND SPECIES
INTERACTIONS 109 5.3.7 MICROBIAL ACTIVITY 111 5.4 ALTERATION OF
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACTS 112 5.4.1 LIVESTOCK GRAZING 113 5.4.2
INTRODUCTION OF OTHER ANIMAL SPECIES 115 5.4.3 CREATION OF WATER SOURCES
115 5.4.4 INTRODUCTION OF NON-NATIVE PLANTS 116 5.4.5 DECLINES OR
EXTINCTIONS OF NATIVE ANIMALS 117 5.4.6 WOOD HARVESTING 118 5.4.7
ABANDONMENT OF AGRICULTURE 118 5.5 LIKELY RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHANGE 118
5.6 SUMMARY - BIODIVERSITY EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES 119
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 120 REFERENCES 120 6 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING IN GRASSLANDS 129 O.E. SALA, W.K. LAUENROTH, S.J.
MCNAUGHTON, G. RUSCH AND XINSHI ZHANG 6.1 INTRODUCTION 129 6.2 THE
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF GRASSLAND BIODIVERSITY 131 6.3 DISTURBANCE AND
GRASSLAND BIODIVERSITY 132 6.4 CONCEPTUAL MODEL 133 6.5 IMPACTS OF
CHANGES IN BIODIVERSITY UPON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 140 6.5.1 PRODUCTIVE
CAPACITY . 141 6.5.2 DECOMPOSITION AND SOIL STRUCTURE 142 6.5.3 WATER
DISTRIBUTION AND BALANCE 142 6.5.4 ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES 143 6.5.5
LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE 143 6.5.6 BIOTIC LINKAGES/SPECIES INTERACTIONS 144
6.6 CONCLUSIONS 144 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 145 REFERENCES 145 7
MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ECOSYSTEMS: THE INFLUENCE OF BIODIVERSITY ON THEIR
FUNCTIONING 151 GEORGE W. DAVIS, DAVID M. RICHARDSON, JON. E. KEELEY AND
RICHARD J. HOBBS CONTENTS 7.1 INTRODUCTION 151 7.2 MTES AS A CLASS OF
SYSTEMS FOR TESTING THE HYPOTHESES GENERATED BY THE ASSERTION THAT
BIODIVERSITY AFFECTS SYSTEM FUNCTIONING 154 7.3 FEATURES OF MTES 154
7.3.1 CLIMATE 154 7.3.2 SUBSTRATES 155 7.3.3 VEGETATION 155 7.3.4 FAUNA
156 7.3.5 HUMANS IN MTES 158 7.4 INFLUENCES OF DIVERSITY ON SYSTEM
FUNCTION IN MTES 159 7.4.1 LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY 160
7.4.2 FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS OF BIODIVERSITY 161 7.4.3 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
163 7.4.4 KEYSTONES 166 7.4.5 BIODIVERSITY AND ITS SUPPORT OF HUMAN
UTILITY 167 7.4.6 INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION AND SYSTEM FUNCTION IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 168 7.4.7 PLEISTOCENE HERBIVORES IN THE CALIFORNIAN
PALAEOLANDSCAPE 169 7.4.8 FORMATION SHIFTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN MTES 169
7.4.9 LAND FRAGMENTATION IN THE WHEATBELT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA 172
7.4.10 MODELLING THE INFLUENCE OF DIVERSITY ON SYSTEM FUNCTION 173 7.5
MTE RESEARCH AND THE GLOBAL FORUM . 173 7.6 SUMMARY 176 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
177 REFERENCES 177 8 BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL SAVANNA PROPERTIES: A
GLOBAL VIEW 185 OTTO T. SOLBRIG, ERNESTO MEDINA AND JUAN F. SILVA 8.1
INTRODUCTION 185 8.2 SAVANNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 190 8.2.1 DYNAMICS
OF SAVANNA RESOURCES 191 8.2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF SAVANNA SPECIES 195 8.2.3 SPECIES DIVERSITY AND
ECOSYSTEM STABILITY 196 8.3 A MODEL OF SAVANNA FUNCTION 197 8.4 EFFECT
OF SPECIES DIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 200 8.4.1 INVASION OF SOUTH
AMERICAN AND AUSTRALIAN SAVANNAS BY AFRICAN GRASSES 200 8.4.2 SPECIES
CHANGES RESULTING FROM FIRE EXCLUSION 201 CONTENTS XI 8.4.3 SPECIES
CHANGES RESULTING FROM HERBIVORE INTRODUCTION OR EXCLUSION 202 8.4.4
CHANGES RESULTING FROM INCREASES OR REMOVAL OF TREES AND SHRUBS 204 8.5
RESILIENCE AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 205 REFERENCES 205 9 IMPACT OF
BIODIVERSITY ON TROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES 213 GORDON H.
ORIANS, RODOLFO DIRZO AND J. HALL CUSHMAN 9.1 INTRODUCTION 213 9.2
ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS IN TROPICAL FORESTS 214 9.2.1 MOISTURE 214 9.2.2
FERTILITY 215 9.2.3 ELEVATION 216 9.3 STABILITY AND SPECIES RICHNESS 217
9.4 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS 218 9.5 ENERGY FLOW AND MATERIAL PROCESSING
INTERFACES 219 9.6 BIODIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONING OF TROPICAL FORESTS 219
9.6.1 ENERGY FLOW 221 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOMASS ACCUMULATION 221
WITHIN-PLANT CARBON ALLOCATION AND CONSUMPTION 222 ANIMAL-ANIMAL
INTERACTIONS 224 DETRITUS-DETRITIVORES 224 9.6.2 MATERIALS PROCESSING
225 ATMOSPHERE-ORGANISM 225 BIOTIC INTERFACE 226 PLANT-SOIL 227
ATMOSPHERE-SOIL 228 SOIL-WATER TABLE *: 228 EMPIRICAL STUDIES 228 9.6.3
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OVER LONGER TEMPORAL SCALES 229 PROVISION AND
MAINTENANCE OF STRUCTURE 229 RESISTANCE TO INVASION 229 9.6.4 FUNCTIONAL
PROPERTIES OVER LARGER SPATIAL SCALES 230 WATER DISTRIBUTION AND QUALITY
231 ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES AND FEEDBACKS 231 LANDSCAPE AND WATERSCAPE
STRUCTURE 231 ANIMAL MOVEMENTS 231 9.7 BIODIVERSITY AND RESPONSE TO
DISTURBANCES 232 9.8 RESEARCH AGENDA 232 9.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS 234
REFERENCES 236 XII CONTENTS 10 ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS: DO THEY REPRESENT
NATURAL EXPERIMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION?
245 PETER M. VITOUSEK, LLOYD L. LOOPE, HENNING ADSERSEN AND CARLA M. D
ANTONIO 10.1 INTRODUCTION 245 10.2 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION 249 10.2.1 DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION NEAR STEADY STATE
250 10.2.2 DISTURBANCE, DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 251 10.2.3
INVASION, EXTINCTION AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 252 10.3 OPPORTUNITIES FOR
RESEARCH 254 10.4 SUMMARY 255 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 256 REFERENCES 256 11
BIODIVERSITY AND AGROECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 261 M.J. SWIFT, J. VANDERMEER,
P.S. RAMAKRISHNAN, J.M. ANDERSON, C.K. ONG AND B.A. HAWKINS 11.1
INTRODUCTION 261 11.1.1 AGROECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 263 11.2 AGROECOSYSTEMS,
AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION AND BIODIVERSITY 263 11.2.1 AGRICULTURAL
INTENSIFICATION 263 11.2.2 THE VARIETY OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 264
SHIFTING AGRICULTURE 264 ROTATIONAL FALLOW 264 HOME GARDENS 265 COMPOUND
FARMS 265 MIXED ARABLE-LIVESTOCK FARMING 265 INTENSIFIED AGROFORESTRY
SYSTEMS 266 INTERCROPPING AND CROP ROTATION 266 SPECIALIZED CASH-CROP
SYSTEMS 267 MODERN FARMING SYSTEMS 267 11.2.3 IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL
INTENSIFICATION ON BIODIVERSITY 268 11.2.4 PATTERNS OF CHANGE^ 270
IMPACT ON THE ABOVE-GROUND FAUNA OF INTENSIFICATION IN THE CENTRAL
AMERICAN COFFEE ECOSYSTEM 270 IMPACT OF LAND-USE CHANGE ON THE SOIL
BIOTA 271 HYSTERESIS 273 11.3 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BIODIVERSITY AND
FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS 275 11.3.1 THE ISSUE OF SCALE AND FUNCTIONAL
DOMAINS 275 11.3.2 THE PLANT SUBSYSTEM 276 PRINCIPLES OF RESOURCE
CAPTURE 278 TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF PLANT DIVERSITY 280 CONTENTS XIII
11.3.3 BIODIVERSITY AND PEST MANAGEMENT 281 11.3.4 BIODIVERSITY CONTROLS
ON NUTRIENT CYCLING AND SOIL PROCESSES 285 11.4 BIODIVERSITY AND THE
DESIGN OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ~ 289 11.5 CONCLUSIONS: BIODIVERSITY,
AGROECOSYSTEMS AND LANDSCAPES 291 11.5.1 BIODIVERSITY AND AGROECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION 291 11.5.2 AGROECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 292
REFERENCES 294 12 FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS: LINKAGES OF COMPLEXITY AND
PROCESSES 299 S. CARPENTER, T. FROST, L. PERSSON, M. POWER AND D. SOTO
12.1 INTRODUCTION 299 12.1.1 USES OF FRESHWATERS 299 12.1.2
VULNERABILITY OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES 299 12.1.3 ASSESSING VULNERABILITY
OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES 301 12.2 COMPLEXITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN
FRESHWATERS 303 12.2.1 STRONG INTERACTIONS, CASCADES AND COMPLEMENTARITY
303 12.2.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF STRONG INTERACTIONS 304 PRODUCTIVITY
GRADIENTS AND FISHES 305 HYDROLOGY, DISTURBANCE AND RIVER FOOD WEBS 309
12.3 PREDICTIVE CAPABILITY AND PROSPECTS FOR LEARNING 313 12.3.1
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILEAN LAKES 314 12.3.2 POTENTIAL SHIFTS IN CHILEAN
LAKES 314 12.3.3 LEARNING AND ADAPTING TO SURPRISE 317 12.4 MAINTAINING
BIODIVERSITY OF FRESHWATERS 318 12.5 SUMMARY 320 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 321
REFERENCES 32 1 13 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN TROPICAL
ESTUARIES: PERSPECTIVES OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS 327 ROBERT R. TWILLEY,
SAMUEL C. SNEDAKER, ALEJANDRO YDNEZ-ARANCIBIA AND ERNESTO MEDINA 13.1
INTRODUCTION 327 13.2 BIODIVERSITY OF MANGROVES 328 13.3 FOREST
STRUCTURE AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 335 13.3.1 MANGROVE-SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS 335 13.3.2 ECOLOGICAL TYPE AND LITTER DYNAMICS 337
13.4 MANGROVE FAUNAL GUILDS AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 339 13.4.1 CRABS 339
13.4.2 INSECTS 342 13.4.3 BENTHOS AND EPIBIONTS 344 13.5 MICROBIAL
PROCESSES AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 347 XIV CONTENTS 13.6 NEKTON
BIODIVERSITY AND MANGROVE FOOD WEBS 348 13.7 VULNERABILITY OF
BIODIVERSITY IN TROPICAL ESTUARIES 354 13.7.1 LAND-USE CHANGE 354 13.7.2
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE . 356 13.8 SUMMARY 358 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 359
REFERENCES 360 14 PREDICTABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY IN COMMUNITY
REGULATION: CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED CONSUMER DIVERSITY IN COASTAL ROCKY
ECOSYSTEMS 371 GARY W. ALLISON, BRUCE A. MENGE, JANE LUBCHENCO AND
SERGIO A. NAVARRETE 14.1 INTRODUCTION 371 14.2 GLOBAL IMPACTS ON
BIODIVERSITY IN COASTAL REGIONS 372 14.3 SHALLOW-WATER HARD-BOTTOM
COMMUNITIES: MODEL SYSTEMS FOR EVALUATING CONSEQUENCES OF DIVERSITY LOSS
374 14.3.1 APPROACH 374 14.3.2 DIVERSITY COMPONENTS CONSIDERED 375
14.3.3 CONSEQUENCES OF CONSUMER LOSS: SELECTED EXAMPLES 376 STRONG
PREDATION: KEYSTONE EFFECTS 376 STRONG PREDATION: DIFFUSE EFFECTS 379
WEAK PREDATION 380 14.3.4 CONCLUSIONS FROM THE SURVEY 381 14.4
CONCEPTUAL SYNTHESIS 381 14.4.1 CLASSIFICATION 381 14.4.2 PREDICTIONS
383 14.4.3 CAVEATS 384 14.4.4 USES 385 14.5 CONCLUSION 386
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 386 REFERENCES 387 15 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION OF CORAL REEFS 393 TERENCE J. DONE, JOHN C. OGDEN, WILLIAM J.
WEIBE AND B.R. ROSEN 15.1 INTRODUCTION 393 15.1.1 USE, ABUSE AND
MANAGEMENT OF CORAL REEFS 397 15.1.2 CHAPTER GOALS AND SOME DEFINITIONS
397 15.2 A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 398 15.2.1 CARBON PATHWAYS, REEF
FUNCTION AND REEF DEGRADATION 398 15.2.2 TROPHIC ROLES 401 15.2.3
BIOCONSTRUCTIONAL ROLES 402 BIOCONSTRUCTORS 402 CONTENTS XV MODIFIERS .
403 15.2.4 FACILITATING ROLES 405 15.3 ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES AT SCALES OF
WHOLE REEFS AND ZONES 406 15.3.1 WHOLE REEFS 406 15.3.2 ZONES 407 15.3.3
ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES AND REEF HEALTH 408 15.4 BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND
ECOSYSTEM DYSFUNCTION 409 15.4.1 FACILITATORS AS LINKS BETWEEN HUMANS,
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM 409 CROWN-OF-THORNS STARFISH 410 CARIBBEAN
SEA URCHIN 410 EAST AFRICAN SEA URCHIN 412 15.4.2 WATER QUALITY AND LAND
RUNOFF EFFECTS ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 413 MECHANISMS FOR
NUTRIENT IMPACTS ON CORAL REEFS 413 SYMBIONT DIVERSITY AS A BASIS FOR
ADAPTATION? 413 LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE DIVERSITY AS BUFFERS PROTECTING CORAL
REEFS 414 15.5 BIODIVERSITY AND RESILIENCE 414 15.5.1 REPLENISHMENT OF
POPULATIONS 414 15.5.2 LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES, RESILIENCE AND
RESISTANCE 415 15.6 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUSIONS 416 15.6.1
SUMMARY 416 15.6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 417 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH NEEDS 417
APPLICATIONS TO MANAGEMENT OF CORAL REEFS 418 THE NEED FOR INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATION 418 15.6.3 CONCLUSION - BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION, FROM GENES TO REGIONS 419 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 420 REFERENCES 420
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS 428 16 HUMAN IMPACT, BIODIVERSITY
AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN THE OPEN OCEAN 431 MARK CHANDLER, LES KAUFMAN
AND SANDOR MULSOW 16.1 INTRODUCTION 421 16.2 PATTERNS OF OPEN-OCEAN
BIODIVERSITY 433 16.2.1 STRUCTURE OF THE WATERSCAPE 433 16.2.2 PHYLETIC
DIVERSITY 436 » DIFFERENCES AT HIGHER PHYLETIC LEVELS 440 ARE OPEN-OCEAN
COMMUNITIES COSMOPOLITAN? 441 16.3 HUMAN IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY OF THE
OPEN OCEAN 441 XVI CONTENTS 16.3.1 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF SPECIES
444 16.3.2 ADDITION AND REDISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 444 16.3.3
INDIRECT ALTERATION OF ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES 445 16.4 BIODIVERSITY AND
ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES: GENERAL THOUGHTS 447 16.4.1 STRUCTURE AND STABILITY
OF OPEN-OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS 448 16.4.2 NICHE BREADTH 449 16.5 BIODIVERSITY
AND ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 450 16.5.1 NUTRIENT
REGENERATION IN THE PELAGIC ZONE (MICROBIAL LOOP) 450 16.5.2 PELAGIC
BIOMASS PRODUCTION 452 EUTROPHICATION AND INTRODUCTIONS 458 16.5.3
PELAGIC-BENTHIC COUPLING (EXPORT OF BENTHIC MATERIAL TO THE BENTHOS) 459
16.5.4 PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT REGENERATION IN THE BENTHOS 460 16.5.5
OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLING 461 16.5.6 OPEN-OCEAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF
COUPLING 462 16.6 CONCLUSIONS 463 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 465 REFERENCES 465 17
WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED ABOUT THE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING OF BIODIVERSITY 475
H.A. MOONEY, J. HALL CUSHMAN, ERNESTO MEDINA, OSVALDO E. SALA AND E.-D.
SCHULZE 17.1 BACKGROUND 475 17.2 GENERAL PROGRAM CONCLUSIONS 476 17.3
LESSONS FROM SPECIFIC BIOMES 477 17.3.1 MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS 477 ON
DISTURBANCE/DIVERSITY/FUNCTIONING 477 17.3.2 THE OPEN OCEAN 478
MANAGING IN THE DARK 478 17.3.3 TROPICAL FORESTS 478 THE TIME DIMENSION
478 17.3.4 MANGROVES 479 THE LINK BETWEEN THE LAND AND THE SEA 479
17.3.5 AGROECOSYSTEMS 479 ON SIMPLIFICATION AND SUBSTITUTION 479 17.3.6
ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS 480 ON SIMPLICITY DUE TO DISPERSAL 480 17.3.7 COLD AND
DRY ECOSYSTEMS 480 ON SIMPLICITY DUE TO LIMITING WATERS 480 ON
SIMPLICITY DUE TO COLD TEMPERATURE 480 17.3.8 LAKES AND RIVERS 481
CONTENTS XVII RESPONSES TO MASSIVE IMPACTS 481 17.3.9 COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
481 KEYSTONES AND COMPENSATIONS 481 17.3.10 CORAL REEFS 482 COMPLEXITY
482 17.3.11 BOREAL FORESTS 482 LOW DIVERSITY AND LOW REDUNDANCY 482
17.3.12 TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL GRASSLANDS 482 WHERE EXPERIMENTS ARE MOST
TRACTABLE 482 17.3.13 TEMPERATE FORESTS 483 DIVERSITY AND FUNCTION OVER
EVOLUTIONARY TIME 483 17.3.14 CONCLUDING REMARKS 484 REFERENCES 484
INDEX 485
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| callnumber-sort | QH 3541.15 B56 |
| callnumber-subject | QH - Natural History and Biology |
| classification_rvk | WI 2000 |
| classification_tum | BIO 130f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)34471606 (DE-599)BVBBV011114328 |
| dewey-full | 333.95/11 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 333 - Economics of land and energy |
| dewey-raw | 333.95/11 |
| dewey-search | 333.95/11 |
| dewey-sort | 3333.95 211 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Biologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV011114328 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:04:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471956015 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007447308 |
| oclc_num | 34471606 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-12 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-12 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 |
| physical | XXIII, 493 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | International Council of Scientific Unions / Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment: SCOPE |
| spelling | Functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective ed. by Harold A. Mooney Chichester [u.a.] Wiley 1996 XXIII, 493 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International Council of Scientific Unions / Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment: SCOPE 55 Biodiversiteit gtt Diversité biologique ram Écologie ram Écosystèmes ram Ökologie Biological diversity Ecology Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 s DE-604 Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 s Mooney, Harold A. 1932- Sonstige (DE-588)120854945 oth Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment: SCOPE International Council of Scientific Unions 55 (DE-604)BV000007237 55 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007447308&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective Biodiversiteit gtt Diversité biologique ram Écologie ram Écosystèmes ram Ökologie Biological diversity Ecology Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4031170-3 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4131912-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective |
| title_auth | Functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective |
| title_exact_search | Functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective |
| title_full | Functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective ed. by Harold A. Mooney |
| title_fullStr | Functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective ed. by Harold A. Mooney |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective ed. by Harold A. Mooney |
| title_short | Functional roles of biodiversity |
| title_sort | functional roles of biodiversity a global perspective |
| title_sub | a global perspective |
| topic | Biodiversiteit gtt Diversité biologique ram Écologie ram Écosystèmes ram Ökologie Biological diversity Ecology Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biodiversiteit Diversité biologique Écologie Écosystèmes Ökologie Biological diversity Ecology Klima Ökosystem Artenreichtum Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007447308&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000007237 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mooneyharolda functionalrolesofbiodiversityaglobalperspective |