Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability: a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin
Reimer
1997
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Abhandlungen - Anthropogeographie
55 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 281 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3496026235 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability
Autor: Wu, Ning
Jahr: 1997
CONTENTS
Preface ................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................iv
Contents ............................................................................................................................vi
List of Figures ...................................................................................................................xi
List of Tables .....................................................................................................................x
List of Abbreviations........................................................................................................xiv
List of Photos...................................................................................................................xvi
Abstract ..........................................................................................................................xvii
Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................................xx
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1
1.1 Problem Identification ...........................................................................................1
1.2 Selection of the Study Area .................................................................................11
1.3 Applicability of General Theories ........................................................................20
1.4 Approach and Scope of the Study ........................................................................29
1.5 Definition of the Concept ....................................................................................35
1.6 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................44
1.6.1 Reconnaissance Survey and Selection of Sample Areas .............................44
1.6.2 Interviews and Observer Participation .......................................................45
1.6.3 The Survey of Rangeland Ecology and Quadrat Methods ..........................46
1.6.4 Mapping ....................................................................................................47
2. GEOGRAPHY OF STUDY AREA .........................................................................49
2.1 Studying Frame - The Western Sichuan ...............................................................49
2.1.1 Physical Conditions and Animal Husbandly of Sichuan Province ..............49
2.1.2 Ecological Potential and Constraints of Western Sichuan ..........................53
2.1.2.1 Topography and Landform: their Effects........................................53
2.1.2.2 Climates and their Catastrophes impacting Pastoral Production......55
2.1.2.3 Vegetation in Western Sichuan.......................................................63
2.1.2.4 Subdivision of the pastoral area in western Sichuan.......................71
2.2 The Case Study Area - Zamtang County ..............................................................72
2.3 Role ofPastoralism in Economic Development ...................................................74
2.3.1 Pastoralism - the basic Subsistence ...........................................................75
2.3.2 Livestock-Supporting Pillar ....................................................................79
3. RANGELAND RESOURCES ON THE PLATEAU ..............................................87
3.1 Range Resources in Western Sichuan ..................................................................87
3.1.1 High-frigid Meadows ................................................................................89
3.1.2 Subalpine Open-Woodland Meadows ........................................................92
3.1.3 Shrub Meadows .........................................................................................93
3.1.4 Swamp Meadows ......................................................................................94
3.2 The Flora of the Rangelands ................................................................................95
3.3 Quality of Natural Pastures ..................................................................................97
3.4 The Ecological Characteristics of Rangeland .....................................................100
3.4.1 The Life-forms and Ecotypes of Plants ....................................................100
3.4.2 The Growing Phases of Plants .................................................................104
3.4.3 The Features of the Rangeland Ecosystem ...............................................107
3.5 Carrying Capacity in Western Sichuan and its Dynamics ...................................111
4. STATUS AND TRENDS OF RANGELAND ECOSYSTEM ..............................115
4.1 The Causes of Rangeland Degradation ..............................................................115
4.1.1 The Pressures of Population .....................................................................117
4.1.2 The Contradiction between Private Livestock and Communal Land .........121
4.1.3 Destructive Effects of Treading ...............................................................123
4.1.4 The Declining of Animal Diversity ..........................................................124
4.1.5 Man s direct Destruction of Vegetation ...................................................125
4.1.6 The Lack of Markets ................................................................................126
4.2 The Effects of Degradation ................................................................................127
4.2.1 Decrease in Edible Forage and the Increase in Poisonous and Harmful
Plants........................................................................................................128
4.2.2 Shortening Grass-layers and Declining Grass Yields ...............................130
4.2.3 The Increase of Rat-damage and Pest-damage .........................................131
4.2.3.1 The increase of Rodent-damage....................................................132
4.2.3.2 The increase of Pest-damage........................................................133
4.2.4 Soil Erosion and Desertification ..............................................................134
4.2.5 Unstable Production and low Economic Returns .....................................136
4.2.6 Degeneration of Cold Season Pastures .....................................................137
4.3 Rangeland Ecosystems Response to Pressures ...................................................139
5. FROM THE TRADITIONAL STRATEGIES TO THE MODERN
MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................................144
5.1 Seasonal Characteristics of the High-frigid Rangelands .....................................145
5.1.1 The Causes of Seasonal Pastoral ism ........................................................145
5.1.2 The Seasonal Dynamic of Quality and Quantity ......................................146
5.1.3 The Division of Seasonal Pastures and their Grazing Systems .................148
5.1.4 Sufficiency and Insufficiency of Seasonal Pasture ...................................150
5.2 The Traditional Adaptive Strategies ...................................................................152
5.2.1 The Traditional Grazing Management .....................................................152
5.2.2 Keeping Mobile Livestock Husbandry - A Strategy of Sustainable
Utilization................................................................................................154
5.2.2.1 The Seasonal Grazing System in western Sichuan .......................154
5.2.2.2 The Ecological and Socio-Economic Significance of Seasonal
Migration......................................................................................163
5.2.3 Keeping enough Livestock — A Survival Strategy ....................................168
5.2.4 Burning ...................................................................................................171
5.3 Modem Development - Chance or Crisis?..........................................................173
5.3.1 Enclosure of Rangeland ...........................................................................175
5.3.2 Sedentarization .......................................................................................181
5.3.3 Cultivation of Forage Grasses and Supplementaiy Feeding .....................185
5.3.4 Strengthening of Veterinary Services and Disease Prevention .................189
5.3.5 Marketing of Animal Products .................................................................190
5.3.6 The Promotion of Seasonal Animal Husbandry .......................................193
5.3.7 Fertilizing Pastures ..................................................................................196
5.3.8 Improvement and Rehabilitation of Rangeland ........................................198
5.3.9 Extermination of Rat and Pest .................................................................202
6. SUSTAINABLE USE OF RANGELANDS ON THE PLATEAU AND ITS
APPROACHES ......................................................................................................206
6.1 Indicators and Assessment of Unsustainability in the Rangeland Ecosystem of the
Plateau.................................................................................................................206
6.2 Sustainable Potential and Constraints ................................................................209
6.2.1 Status and Trends in Pastoral Production System .....................................210
6.2.2 Political and Socio-economic Sustainability ............................................209
6.2.2.1 The recent transformation and administrative institution...............213
6.2.2.2 The role of governments in pastoral sectors..................................216
6.2.3 Land Use Systems and Ecological Sustainability .....................................221
6.3 Sustainable Approaches and its Perspectives .....................................................226
6.3.1 The Research Imperative for Indigenous Knowledge ...............................226
6.3.2 Developing a Long-Term Approach for the Environmental Dimension .... 233
6.3.3 Participatory Approaches for Natural Resources Management .................235
6.3.4 Improvement of Rangeland Management and Policy Reforms .................238
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................244
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................261
PHOTOS........................................................................................................................269
|
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| series | Abhandlungen - Anthropogeographie |
| series2 | Abhandlungen - Anthropogeographie |
| spelling | Wu, Ning 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)1069149330 aut Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China Wu Ning Ecological situation of high-frigid rangeland and its sustainability Berlin Reimer 1997 XXII, 281 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Abhandlungen - Anthropogeographie 55 Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 1995 Human ecology China Zamtang Xian (China) Nature Effect of human beings on China Zamtang Xian (China) Range ecology China Zamtang Xian (China) Range management China Zamtang Xian (China) Rangelands China Sichuan Sheng Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd rswk-swf Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd rswk-swf Umweltverträglichkeit (DE-588)4061655-1 gnd rswk-swf Sichuan Sheng (China) Environmental conditions Zamtang Xian (China) Environmental conditions Sichuan (DE-588)4058820-8 gnd rswk-swf Sichuan West (DE-588)4495589-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Sichuan (DE-588)4058820-8 g Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 s DE-604 Sichuan West (DE-588)4495589-3 g Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 s Umweltverträglichkeit (DE-588)4061655-1 s DE-188 Abhandlungen - Anthropogeographie 55 (DE-604)BV002463178 55 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007430256&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Wu, Ning 1964- Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China Abhandlungen - Anthropogeographie Human ecology China Zamtang Xian (China) Nature Effect of human beings on China Zamtang Xian (China) Range ecology China Zamtang Xian (China) Range management China Zamtang Xian (China) Rangelands China Sichuan Sheng Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd Umweltverträglichkeit (DE-588)4061655-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043207-5 (DE-588)4326464-5 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4158359-0 (DE-588)4061655-1 (DE-588)4058820-8 (DE-588)4495589-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China |
| title_alt | Ecological situation of high-frigid rangeland and its sustainability |
| title_auth | Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China |
| title_exact_search | Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China |
| title_full | Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China Wu Ning |
| title_fullStr | Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China Wu Ning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China Wu Ning |
| title_short | Ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability |
| title_sort | ecological situation of high frigid rangeland and its sustainability a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral western sichuan china |
| title_sub | a case study on the constraints and approaches in pastoral Western Sichuan, China |
| topic | Human ecology China Zamtang Xian (China) Nature Effect of human beings on China Zamtang Xian (China) Range ecology China Zamtang Xian (China) Range management China Zamtang Xian (China) Rangelands China Sichuan Sheng Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd Umweltverträglichkeit (DE-588)4061655-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Human ecology China Zamtang Xian (China) Nature Effect of human beings on China Zamtang Xian (China) Range ecology China Zamtang Xian (China) Range management China Zamtang Xian (China) Rangelands China Sichuan Sheng Ökologie Nachhaltigkeit Ökosystem Grünland Umweltverträglichkeit Sichuan Sheng (China) Environmental conditions Zamtang Xian (China) Environmental conditions Sichuan Sichuan West Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007430256&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002463178 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wuning ecologicalsituationofhighfrigidrangelandanditssustainabilityacasestudyontheconstraintsandapproachesinpastoralwesternsichuanchina AT wuning ecologicalsituationofhighfrigidrangelandanditssustainability |