Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory: the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford u.a.
Berg
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 256 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 1859730930 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Scholliers, Peter |d 1953- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)17002248X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory |b the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent |c Peter Scholliers |
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| 300 | |a XIV, 256 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a A. Voortman-N.V. Texas |x History |y 19th century |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Unternehmensgeschichte |2 fes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Textile workers |z Belgium |z Ghent |x History |y 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wages |x Textile workers |z Belgium |z Ghent |x History |y 19th century | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007429952 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804125581065846784 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
List of Maps x
List of Appendices xi
Acknowledgement xii
Preface xiii
Introduction: The Battlefield of Wages 1
1 Ghent and the Cotton Industry 10
Ghent, the Proletarian City 10
White gold in Ghent 18
Cotton outside Ghent 32
International Competitors 42
Summary 47
2 The Voortman mill: An Atypical Cotton Factory? 50
A Cotton Printing Mill Introduces Powerlooms, 50
1790 1827
Vertical Integration and the Golden Years, 54
1827 61
Setbacks and the Founding of Texas SA, 1861 91 66
Renewed (Relative) Boom, 1891 1913 76
Summary 81
3 Women, Men and Young People at Voortman 83
Women at Work 84
Exploitation of the Labour of Children and Adolescents 92
Starting Young and Leaving Soon 100
Recruiting the Workers 105
Summary 116
— v —
Contents
4 Wages as a Cost of Production 118
Voortman s Various Forms of Wages 118
Voortman s Wage Rate Increase and Wage Cuts 134
Low Female Wages and Normal Male Wages at 138
Voortman
Summary 162
5 Wages as an Income 165
The Cost of Living in Nineteenth Century Ghent 166
Real Wages in the Cotton Mill 174
Real Family Incomes 177
Nutrition and Housing of the Ghent Cotton Workers 194
Summary 213
Conclusion: Income Strategy Versus Wage Policy 215
Appendices 219
Bibiography and Sources 233
Index 249
_ vi —
List of Tables
1 Employment pattern in Ghent, wage labourers, 1830,
1846, 1896 and 1910 13
2 Mechanical cotton spinning and weaving in Ghent, East
Flanders and Belgium, 1846, 1880, 1896 and 1910 34
3 Average number of workers and horsepower per factory
in Ghent and the province of East Flanders (except
Ghent) in 1846, 1880, 1896 and 1910 37
4 Growth of consumption of raw cotton in various
countries, 1830 1913 44
5 Approximate wage cost per worker and per year at
Voortman 83
6 Ages of Voortman workers, by gender, as a percentage
of total employment, in 1842, 1859, 1879 and 1902 97
7 Average age of workers in the Voortman mill, by division 98
8 Age structure of workers at Voortman and of workers in
Varlez s inquiry, by division (percentages), 1899 and 1902 99
9 Age at which workers started work at Voortman 101
10 Duration of employment at Voortman s (1842, 1859, 1879
and 1902) and at the average cotton mill according to
Varlez s inquiry (1899), in years 102
11 Places of birth of the Voortman workers by division 108
12 Wage forms in the Voortman mill, by gender and
occupation, 1835 1914 127
13 Wage rates of strippers, workers at the drawing frame
and cleaners, francs per hour, 1860—98 136
14 Wages in francs per week at Voortman by sub categories,
and percentage wage differentials by gender, 1835 9 to
1910 14 143
15 Spending pattern of Ghent working class families
(percentages), 1845, 1853, 1891 and 1908 10 170
16 Growth of real wages for specific categories of workers
at Voortman, 1835 1914, in per cent per year 175
17 Average composition of households and estimated number
of wage earners per family, 1842, 1859, 1879 and 1902 179
— vii —
List of Tables
18 Purchasing power of families with two and more
wage earners, index numbers (1835—8=100) 184
19 Composition by source of income over the family life
cycle of cotton workers, as percentages of total family
income, 1899 192
20 Estimates of caloric intake of Ghent cotton workers and
of Belgian workers in general, per consumer unit 197
21 Real family incomes expressed in a food price index
and a rent index, 1835=100 200
22 Distribution of the dwellings of the Voortman workers
over four areas, by percentages 206
— viii —
List of Figures
1 Belgian cotton consumption, 1816 1913 41
2 Year by year sales of the Voortman factory, 1800 1907 51
3 Voortman s cotton mill, late 1820s 57
4 Annual development of net profit, 1800 1907 59
5 The ratio between the wage cost and the total production
cost, with the average trend, 1800 1907 63
6 Voortman s sales (x 1,000 francs) and Belgian cotton
consumption (x 10,000 kilos), 1816 1907 64
7 Letterhead of Texas SA,c. 1885, showing the mill 73
8 Proportion of female employment in spinning and
weaving at Voortman, 1835 1914 87
9 Working week for male workers paid by the hour in the
spinning mill, compared with the average working week in
Ghent cotton mills, 1857 1910 130
10 Wage rates for hourly paid female and male workers in
Voortman s spinning mill, 1857 1910 135
11 The average wage (francs per week) in the Voortman
mill, with the trend, 1835 1914 140
12 Average weekly wage at Voortman compared with weekly
wages in the linen and metal industries, 1835=100 142
13 Entrance of Texas SA (photographed in 1976) 146
14 Weekly wage of reelers in spinning, 1835 1914 147
15 Weekly wage of the spinners gang, at Voortman and
Company A, 1835 1914 150
16 Weekly wage of the spoolers, at Voortman and
Company A, 1843 1914 151
17 Weekly wage of weavers, men and women working at two
looms, at Voortman and Company A, 1835 1914 153
18 Wages in the cotton industry in France and the
United Kingdom and at Voortman, 1835 1913 159
19 Prices of bread, potatoes, butter and rent, Ghent,
1835 1913 (1835 9=100) 168
20 Cost of living in Ghent and the average weekly wage at
Voortman, (1835 9= 100) 171
21 Houses built by Voortman in 1837 208
— ix —
List of Maps
1 Localization of some important textile factories Ghent 15
2 Belgium and of the province of East Flanders 38 39
3 Ground plan of the Voortman factory, c. 1860 78
— x —
List of Appendices
1 Development of the Ghent Cotton Industry, 1794 1913 219
2 The Ten Largest Cotton Mills in Ghent (Spinning,
Weaving and Printing) and their Share of the Total
Employment in the Ghent Cotton Industry, 1829 90 220
3 Voortman s Annual Sales, Profits, Production Costs and
Wage Bill, 1800 1907 221
4 Prices of Raw Cotton Purchased by the Voortman Mill,
1816 1907 223
5 Wage Rates (in Francs per Hour) and Working Time
(in Hours per Week) of Voortman Workers Paid by the
Hour, 1857 1914 224
6 Strikes in the Voortman Mill, 1829 1913 225
7 Weekly Wages (Minus Fines, Money for Sick Fund and
Tools) at Voortman, 1835 1914, for Ten Categories of
Workers 226
8 Calculation of the Ghent Cost of Living Index
Number, 1835 1914 228
9 Cost of Living Index Number and Indices of Real Wages
for Four Categories of Workers, 1835 1913 229
10 Total Weekly Income of the Bauters Family, 1840 59 231
11 Estimated Caloric Intake of the Ghent Cotton Workers,
per Consumer Unit per Day 232
— xi —
|
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| geographic_facet | Ghent (Belgium) - Officials and employees - Salaries, etc - History - 19th century Belgien Gent |
| id | DE-604.BV011090762 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:03:50Z |
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| spelling | Scholliers, Peter 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)17002248X aut Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent Peter Scholliers 1. publ. Oxford u.a. Berg 1996 XIV, 256 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A. Voortman-N.V. Texas History 19th century A. Voortman-N.V. Texas (DE-588)4444821-1 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1790-1914 gnd rswk-swf Arbeiders gtt Industrie textile - Personnel - Gand (Belgique) - 19e siècle ram Katoenindustrie gtt Salaires - Industrie textile - Personnel - Gand (Belgique) - 19e siècle ram Salarissen gtt Arbeitsbedingungen fes Arbeitslohn fes Textilindustrie fes Unternehmensgeschichte fes Geschichte Textile workers Belgium Ghent History 19th century Wages Textile workers Belgium Ghent History 19th century Arbeiter (DE-588)4112560-5 gnd rswk-swf Ghent (Belgium) - Officials and employees - Salaries, etc - History - 19th century Belgien fes Gent fes Belgien A. Voortman-N.V. Texas (DE-588)4444821-1 b Geschichte 1790-1914 z DE-604 Arbeiter (DE-588)4112560-5 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007429952&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Scholliers, Peter 1953- Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent A. Voortman-N.V. Texas History 19th century A. Voortman-N.V. Texas (DE-588)4444821-1 gnd Arbeiders gtt Industrie textile - Personnel - Gand (Belgique) - 19e siècle ram Katoenindustrie gtt Salaires - Industrie textile - Personnel - Gand (Belgique) - 19e siècle ram Salarissen gtt Arbeitsbedingungen fes Arbeitslohn fes Textilindustrie fes Unternehmensgeschichte fes Geschichte Textile workers Belgium Ghent History 19th century Wages Textile workers Belgium Ghent History 19th century Arbeiter (DE-588)4112560-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4444821-1 (DE-588)4112560-5 |
| title | Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent |
| title_auth | Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent |
| title_exact_search | Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent |
| title_full | Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent Peter Scholliers |
| title_fullStr | Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent Peter Scholliers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent Peter Scholliers |
| title_short | Wages, manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth-century factory |
| title_sort | wages manufacturers and workers in the nineteenth century factory the voortman cotton mill in ghent |
| title_sub | the Voortman Cotton Mill in Ghent |
| topic | A. Voortman-N.V. Texas History 19th century A. Voortman-N.V. Texas (DE-588)4444821-1 gnd Arbeiders gtt Industrie textile - Personnel - Gand (Belgique) - 19e siècle ram Katoenindustrie gtt Salaires - Industrie textile - Personnel - Gand (Belgique) - 19e siècle ram Salarissen gtt Arbeitsbedingungen fes Arbeitslohn fes Textilindustrie fes Unternehmensgeschichte fes Geschichte Textile workers Belgium Ghent History 19th century Wages Textile workers Belgium Ghent History 19th century Arbeiter (DE-588)4112560-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | A. Voortman-N.V. Texas History 19th century A. Voortman-N.V. Texas Arbeiders Industrie textile - Personnel - Gand (Belgique) - 19e siècle Katoenindustrie Salaires - Industrie textile - Personnel - Gand (Belgique) - 19e siècle Salarissen Arbeitsbedingungen Arbeitslohn Textilindustrie Unternehmensgeschichte Geschichte Textile workers Belgium Ghent History 19th century Wages Textile workers Belgium Ghent History 19th century Arbeiter Ghent (Belgium) - Officials and employees - Salaries, etc - History - 19th century Belgien Gent |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007429952&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schollierspeter wagesmanufacturersandworkersinthenineteenthcenturyfactorythevoortmancottonmillinghent |