Reinvigorating growth in developing countries: lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
Internat. Monetary Fund
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | International Monetary Fund: Occasional paper
139 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VII, 113 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1557755590 |
Internformat
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| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, DC |b Internat. Monetary Fund |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a VII, 113 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 7 | |a Economische hervormingen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ontwikkelingseconomie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Entwicklungsländer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftspolitik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Economic development |v Case studies | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Países subdesarrollados - Ahorro e inversiones | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Países subdesarrollados - Trabajo - Oferta | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Developing countries |x Economic policy |v Case studies | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Page
Preface vii
I Introduction and Summary: Issues in Adjustment and Growth I
Methodology 1
Summary of Findings 2
Crisis, Adjustment, and Growth 2
How Can Adjustment Policies Foster Growth? 2
The Response of Investment and Saving 3
Structural Reforms and Labor Markets 3
Key Lessons for the Design of IMF Supported Programs 4
II Overview of Adjustment 5
Long Term Trends in Growth and Investment 7
Initial Conditions 12
The Response of Growth to Adjustment 15
Responses in the Short Term 15
Responses in the Medium Term 17
III Cross Country Evidence on Factors Influencing Growth 22
Correlations Between Growth and Policy Related Variables 22
Evidence on Shifts in Growth Across Adjustment Periods 23
IV Role of Macroeconomic Policies 26
Costs of Delayed Adjustment 26
Abrupt Reduction in Real Domestic Absorption 26
Second Best Crisis Measures 28
Uncertainty and the Effectiveness of Policies 28
Less Time for Resource Switching Policies to Take Hold 31
Sustainability and Consistency of Policies 32
Sustainability of Fiscal Policies . . 32
Consistency of Macroeconomic Policies 33
V Private Investment 38
Factors Affecting the Lagged Response of Private Investment 38
Determinants of Investment and the Role of Public Policies 39
How Can Policies Accelerate the Response of Private Investment? 44
D
VI Saving 45
Evidence of the Links Between Policies and Saving 45
Evidence for Individual Countries 47
VII Role of External Financing 49
VIII Structural Reforms 55
Reforms and Productivity 55
Trade Reforms 59
How Closely Were Best Practices Followed? 59
Supply Responses 59
Financial Sector Reforms 63
How Closely Were Best Practices Followed? 65
IX Role of Labor Markets 67
Structure of Labor Markets 67
The Impact of Adjustment Policies on Real Wages and Relative Prices 67
The Impact of Adjustment Policies on Employment and Unemployment 70
X Conclusions and Lessons for Program Design 73
Appendices
I Lessons from Earlier Studies 79
II Results from Cross Country Growth Regressions 86
III Medium Term Fiscal Sustainability and Its Consistency
with Low Inflation 94
IV Econometric Evidence on the Determinants of Private
Investment 97
V Trade and Financial Sector Reform and
Labor Market Characteristics 00
References 107
Boxes
1. An Overview of Adjustment in the Eight Countries 6
2. Investment: Program Targets and Outcomes 39
3. What Does the Literature Say About Lags in Investment? 40
4. Saving: Program Targets and Outcomes 47
5. How Could Structural Reforms Have Been More Growth Enhancing? 56
6. Ghana: Constraints to a Stronger Supply Response 63
7. Lessons from the East Asian Miracle 80
8. Principal Studies Referred to in Appendix I 81
Tables
Section
II 1. Adjustment Periods in the Eight Countries 8
2. Factors Influencing Growth, 1970 93 H
3. Economic Structure in 1980 13
D
4. Initial Macroeconomic Imbalances and Structural Distortions 13
5. Response of Private Investment During Adjustment Periods 17
IV 6. Changes in Domestic Absorption and Output Gaps During
Particular Contractionary Episodes 27
7. Key Macroeconomic Indicators and Summary of
Exchange Rate Policy 36
V 8. Selected Factors Influencing Private Investment 41
9. Summary of Main Factors Explaining Major Episodes
of Private Investment Performance 42
VII 10. Periods of Sharpest Swings in Net External Financing 52
VIII 11. Severity of Structural Distortions in the 1970s 57
12. Indicators of Trade Reform 60
13. Key Characteristics of Trade Reforms and Export Response 62
14. Indicators of Financial Sector Reforms 64
Appendix
II 15. Correlation Between Growth and Economic Policies, 1970 92 87
16. Determinants of Per Capita Income Growth, 1960 92 89
17. Estimates of Per Capita Growth Differentials After Controlling
for Long Run Determinants of Growth and Some Policy Factors 91
IV 18. Summary of Investment Equations 98
V 19. Main Elements of Trade Reforms 101
20. Main Elements of Financial Sector Reforms 102
21. Labor Market Characteristics 104
Charts
Section
II 1. IMF Arrangements in the Eight Countries 8
2. Real Per Capita GDP Growth, 1970 94 9
3. Real Per Capita GDP Growth and Investment Ratios 10
4. GDP Growth, Investment, and National Saving, 1970 93 12
5. Indicators of Domestic and External Economic Performance
During Preadjustment Period and During 1990 93 14
6. Size of External Shocks 16
7. Share of Private and Public Investment in GDP 18
8. Structural Reforms and Trends in Total Factor Productivity 20
III 9. Estimated Per Capita Growth Differentials 24
IV 10. Fiscal Indicators 29
11. Nominal and Real Effective Exchange Rates and Inflation
in Various Indexation Regimes 30
12. Changes in Domestic Absorption, Exports, and Imports
During Periods of Demand Contraction 31
13. Difference Between Actual and Sustainable
Fiscal Primary Balances 32
14. Real Interest Rates 34
15. Stock of Private Sector Credit 35
VI 16. National Saving Rates 46
VII 17. Selected Developing Countries: Comparison of Changes
in Investment and Net External Financing 50
18. Total Net External Financing 51
19. A Comparison of Foreign Direct Investment and
Gross Fixed Capital Formation. 1982 93 53
VIII 20. Export Market Shares and Real Effective Exchange Rates 58
D
IX 21. Wages, Productivity, and Unit Labor Costs 69
22. Employment, Unemployment, and Output 71
Appendix
III 23. Actual and Sustainable Primary Fiscal Balances 95
Box
2 Change in Investment Rates: Program Targets and Outcomes 39
4 Saving: Targets and Outcomes 47
The following symbols have been used throughout this paper:
... to indicate that data are not available;
— to indicate that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown, or that the item
does not exist;
between years or months (e.g., 1991 92 or January June) to indicate the years or
months covered, including the beginning and ending years or months;
/ between years (e.g., 1991/92) to indicate a crop or fiscal (financial) year.
Billion means a thousand million.
Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.
The term country, as used in this paper, does not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that
is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers some territor¬
ial entities that are not states, but for which statistical data are maintained and provided in¬
ternationally on a separate and independent basis.
D
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| spelling | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies David Goldsbrough ... Washington, DC Internat. Monetary Fund 1996 VII, 113 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International Monetary Fund: Occasional paper 139 Economische groei gtt Economische hervormingen gtt Ontwikkelingseconomie gtt Entwicklungsländer Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Economic development Case studies Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Developing countries Case studies Strukturanpassungspolitik (DE-588)4261730-3 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd rswk-swf Países subdesarrollados - Ahorro e inversiones Países subdesarrollados - Trabajo - Oferta Developing countries Economic policy Case studies Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 s Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 g DE-604 Strukturanpassungspolitik (DE-588)4261730-3 s DE-188 Goldsbrough, David Sonstige oth International Monetary Fund: Occasional paper 139 (DE-604)BV002597241 139 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007350988&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies International Monetary Fund: Occasional paper Economische groei gtt Economische hervormingen gtt Ontwikkelingseconomie gtt Entwicklungsländer Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Economic development Case studies Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Developing countries Case studies Strukturanpassungspolitik (DE-588)4261730-3 gnd Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4261730-3 (DE-588)4066527-6 (DE-588)4014954-7 (DE-588)4522595-3 |
| title | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies |
| title_auth | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies |
| title_exact_search | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies |
| title_full | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies David Goldsbrough ... |
| title_fullStr | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies David Goldsbrough ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies David Goldsbrough ... |
| title_short | Reinvigorating growth in developing countries |
| title_sort | reinvigorating growth in developing countries lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies |
| title_sub | lessons from adjustment policies in eight economies |
| topic | Economische groei gtt Economische hervormingen gtt Ontwikkelingseconomie gtt Entwicklungsländer Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Economic development Case studies Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Developing countries Case studies Strukturanpassungspolitik (DE-588)4261730-3 gnd Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Economische groei Economische hervormingen Ontwikkelingseconomie Entwicklungsländer Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Economic development Case studies Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Developing countries Case studies Strukturanpassungspolitik Wirtschaftswachstum Países subdesarrollados - Ahorro e inversiones Países subdesarrollados - Trabajo - Oferta Developing countries Economic policy Case studies Fallstudiensammlung |
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