The industrialisation of Soviet Russia: 4 Crisis and progress in the Soviet economy 1931 - 1933
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Macmillan
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Register // Sachregister |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 612 S. |
| ISBN: | 0333311051 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Davies, R. W. |d 1925- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)119383888 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The industrialisation of Soviet Russia |n 4 |p Crisis and progress in the Soviet economy 1931 - 1933 |c R. W. Davies |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Macmillan |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 612 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Economics - History |2 BNB | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaft | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Soviet Union - Economic conditions - 1917-1945 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1928-1932 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1933-1937 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Sowjetunion | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804125441126039552 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Tables xi
Préfacé xiv
1 The 1931 Plan 1
2 The Industrial Conférence,
January 30-February 4, 1931 II
3 The Struggle for the Plan:
January-June 1931 18
(a) Economie Development 18
(i) Crisis, January-February 18
(ii) Partial recovery, March-June 21
(iii) Costs and finance, January-June 22
(b) The Drive for Discipline 24
(i) Mobilisation 24
(ii) Control of labour 26
(iii) Forced labour 31
(iv) Against sabotage 37
(c) Révision of the Plans 40
(d) Signs of Reform 44
(i) The nepreryvka reconsidered 44
(ii) The specialists 46
(iii) Khozraschet 49
(iv) Wage policy 53
(v) Retail trade 58
4 Staline Conditions for Industrial
Development 65
vii
Contents
viii
5 Reforms and Plans, July-December 193!
(a) The Political Context 77
(b) Attempts at Economie Reform 77
(i) The specialists 82
(ii) Wage differentiation 85
(iii) Personal responsibility 88
(iv) Khozraschet 91
(v) ‘Soviet trade’ 94
(c) The Struggle for the Plan 97
6 1931 m Retrospect 104
(a) Capital Investment 104
(b) Industrial Production 105
(c) Labour and Labour Productivity 108
(d) Costs and Finance 110
(e) The Defence Sector 112
(f) Foreign Trade in Crisis 118
7 The 1932 Plan 123
8 The xvii Party Conference,
January 30-February 4, 1932 133
9 Reforms amid Difficulties,
January-June 1932 142
(a) The Economy under Strain 147
(b) Import Cuts 155
(c) Defence Imperatives 164
(d) Food Shortages 176
(e) Economic and Financial Policy 192
(f) Radical Economic Reform 201
10 Crisis and Repression, July-December 1932 229
(a) Crisis, July-August 1932 229
(b) The Harsh Solution and its Opponents,
August—December 1932 242
(c) The Economic Debate, Autumn 1932 256
(d) Economic Developments,
September—December 1932 270
(i) The failure of ‘neo-NEP’ 270
(ii) Industrial production 270
(iii) Finance 203
Contents ix
(e) The Control of Labour,
November-December 1932 286
(f) Towards Realistic Planning 292
11 1932 in Retrospect 302
(a) Capital Investment 302
(в) Industrial Production 303
(c) Labour and Labour Productivity 305
(d) Costs and Finance 308
(e) The Defence Sector 310
(f) Foreign Trade 313
12 The January Plenum and the 1933 Plan 317
13 From Disaster to Stability: The Political
Context of 1933 331
14 The Depths of Crisis, January-March 1933 362
15 The Eve of the Upsurge,
ApRIL-DECEMBfeR 1933 380
(a) Economic Policy 381
(в) The Outcome 390
(i) Investment in crisis 391
(ii) Consumer industries in depression 394
(Hi) The railways in trouble 396
(iv) The advance of heavy industry 398
16 1933 in Retrospect 407
(a) Capital Investment 407
(в) Industrial Production 411
(c) Labour and Labour Productivity 419
(d) Stabilisation of Costs 420
(e) Finance 423
(i) The budget and public finance 423
(ii) Enforcement of financial discipline 426
(iii) Prices 428
(f) The Defence Sector 432
(g) Foreign Trade under Control 434
x Contents
17 Urban Society in Transition 440
(a) Non-agricultural Employment 440
(b) Industrial Workers 443
(c) The Specialists and the Ruling Elite 448
18 Conclusions 457
(a) Economic Policy 457
(b) The Political and Economic System 459
(c) Results of the First Five-Year Plan 466
(d) The Transformation of Industry 472
(i) Capital goods and armaments 472
(ii) Consumer goods 480
(iii) The problem of balance 481
(e) Location of Industry 485
(f) The Role of Western Technology 490
Tables 501
Glossary of Russian Terms and Abbreviations used in Text 557
Abbreviations of Titles of Books and Periodical Publications, etc.,
used in Footnotes 568
Bibliography 570
Name Index 588
Subject Index 596
LIST OF TABLES
1. National income, 1928-1933 503
(a) By sector of origin 503
(b) By end-use 505
2. Gross capital investment by branch of the economy,
1930-1933 506
3. Gross capital investment in state and cooperative
industry, by type of industry, 1930-1933 509
4. Stock of machine tools in metalworking and
machine-building industries by age of machine
tool, January 1, 1934 511
5. Industrial production in value terms 512
(a) Gross production of industry, by industry,
1930-1933 512
(b) Gross production of armaments, 1930—1933 513
(c) Gross production of heavy industry by
months and quarters, 1930-1933 514
(d) Gross production of large-scale industry by
regions, 1928 and 1933 516
(e) Indexes of industrial production, 1913,
1927/28-1933 517
6. Industrial production in physical terms, 1930-1933 518
(a) Intermediate products 518
(b) Engineering industries 519
(c) Armaments 520
(d) Consumer goods 521
7. Monthly industrial production in physical terms,
1930-1933 522
(a) Coal 522
(b) Crude oil 522
(c) Pig-iron 523
(d) Crude steel 523
(e) Rolled steel 524
(f) Tractors 524
xi
xii List of Tables
8. Production and import of non-ferrous metals,
1929— 1933 525
9. Allocation of rolled steel, 1931 526
(a) By end-user 526
(b) By origin and type of use 527
10. Average daily number of railway goods wagons
loaded, by months and quarters, 1929—1933 528
11. Retail trade turnover by social sector, 1930—1933 529
12. Food rations 530
(a) Number of persons receiving individudal
food rations, 1931—1933 530
(b) Amount of food ration, by List and
category, 1931-1932 532
13. Foreign trade, 1931-1933 534
(a) Exports in value terms 534
(b) Exports in physical terms 534
(c) Imports in value terms 535
(d) Quarterly imports and exports 536
(e) Exports by receiving country 537
(f) Imports by country of origin 537
14. Urban population 538
(a) Total urban population, and population of
large towns, 1926, 1931, 1934 538
(b) Number of persons entering and leaving
towns, 1928-1933 538
15. Number of persons active in the non-agricultural
sector 539
(a) Number of employed persons by branch of
the economy, 1927/28 and 1930-1933 539
(b) Approximate number of gainfully-occupied
persons, 1927/28 and 1933 539
16. Number of employed persons in large-scale industry 540
(a) By type of employment, 1929 and
1931-1934 540
(b) By region, 1929 and 1932 541
(c) Manual workers, 1931—1933 541
17. Monthly number of persons employed in building,
January 1, 1930 to January 1, 1934 542
18. Number of persons confined in GULAG camps,
and number of‘special settlers , January 1,
1930— January 1, 1934 542
List of Tables xiii
19. Quarterly labour turnover in large-scale industry,
1930-1933 543
20. Average monthly earnings in non-agricultural
employment, 1928, 1930-1933 544
21. Distribution of managers and workers by size of
monthly earnings and by industry,
September-October 1934 545
22. State budget in comparable classification,
1931-1933 546
(a) Net revenue 546
(b) Net expenditure 547
23. Union budget allocations to principal branches of
the economy, by quarters, 1932 551
24. Currency in circulation, January 1, 1930 to
January 1, 1934 552
25. Price indexes 553
(a) Average annual retail prices, 1928 and
1930-1933 (1928=100) 553
(b) Monthly urban bazaar prices for
agricultural goods (peasant supplies)
(1928= 100)
556
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Letters used as abbreviations for items in the bibliography are
listed on pp. 568—9. All other books are referred to in the text
footnotes either by their author or editor, or by an abbreviated
title (always including the first word or syllable) when there is no
author or editor, and by date of publication.
Place of publication of books is Moscow or Moscow-
Leningrad, unless otherwise stated.
Only items referred to in the text are included in the
bibliography.
SECTION 1 ARCHIVES, THESES AND OTHER
UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS
Russian archives
(Referred to by name of archive, followed by fond/opis’/delo,
list.)
Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF, formerly
TsGAOR):
fond 374
fond 5446
fond 5451
fond 6759
fond 8418
(Narodnyi komissariat raboche-krest’yanskoi in-
spektsii SSSR)
(Sovet Narodnykh Komissarov SSSR)
(Vsesoyuznyi tsentral’nyi sovet professional’nykh
soyuzov)
(Komitet Tovamykh Fondov i Regulirovaniya
Torgovli pri STO SSSR)
(Komissiya oborony)
Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki (RGAE, formerly
TsGANKh):
fond 1884 (Narodnyi komissariat putei soobshcheniya SSSR)
570
Bibliography
571
fond 3429
fond 4086
fond 4372
fond 7446
fond 7566
fond 7620
fond 7622
fond 8040
fond 8043
(Vysshii sovet narodnogo khozyaistva SSSR)
(Glavnoe upravlenie metallurgicheskoi promysh-
lennosti Narkomtyazhproma SSSR)
(Gosudarstvennaya planovaya komissiya SSSR)
(Kolkhoztsentr SSSR)
(Glavnoe upravlenie ugoľnoi promyshlennosti
Narkomtyazhproma SSSR)
(Vsesoyuznoe ob”edinenie avtotraktornoi pro-
myshlennosti VSNKh SSSR)
(Glavnoe upravlenie avtotraktornoi promyshlen-
nosti Narkomtyazhproma SSSR)
(Komitét po zagotovkam seľskokhozyaistvennykh
produktov Sovnarkoma SSSR)
(Narodnyi komissariat snabzheniya SSSR)
Rossiiskii tsentr khraneniya i izucheniya dokumentov noveishei
istorii (RTsKhIDNI, formerly TsPA):
fond 17 (Tsentraľnyi Komitét KPSS)
fond 79 (Kuibyshev Valerian Vladimirovich (1888—1935))
fond 85 (Ordzhonikidze Grigorii Konstantinovich (1886-
1937))
Non-Russian archives
French government archives: Ministère des Affaires Etrangères
(referred to as MAE, Europe, 1930-1940, URSS, followed by
volume number and number of folio).
German archives: Politischen Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes.
Hoover Institution: American Engineers in Russia (referred to as
Hoover, AER, followed by Box number and name of
interviewee).
Hoover Institution: Trotsky and Sedov — I (referred to by Box
number, followed by document number).
Smolensk archives (referred to by WKP number of file, and list).
Trotsky archives (Houghton Library, University of Harvard)
(referred to as T, followed by document number).
US government archives: State Department files (referred to by
Decimal classification, followed by document number).
572
Bibliography
Unpublished theses and papers
Barber, J., ‘The Composition of the Soviet Working Class, 1928-
1941’, unpublished Discussion Papers, SIPS no. 16 (CREES,
University of Birmingham, 1978)
Cooper, J. M., ‘The Development of the Soviet Machine-Tool
Industry, 1917—41’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis (University of
Birmingham, 1975)
Cooper, J. M., ‘Defence Production and the Soviet Economy,
1929—1941’, unpublished Discussion Papers SIPS no. 3
(CREES, University of Birmingham, 1976)
Davies, R. W., ‘Soviet Industrial Production, 1928-1937: the
Rival Estimates’, unpublished Discussion Papers SIPS no. 18
(GREES, University of Birmingham, 1978)
Davies, R. W., ‘Capital Investment and Capital Stock in the
USSR, 1928—1940: Soviet and Western Estimates’, unpub-
lished Discussion Papers, SIPS no. 22 (CREES, University of
Birmingham, 1982)
Dodge, N. T., ‘Trends in Labor Productivity in the Soviet
Tractor Industry: A Case Study in Industrial Development’,
unpublished Ph.D. dissertation (Harvard University, 1960)
Dohan, M. R., ‘Soviet Foreign Trade in the NEP Economy and
Soviet Industrialization Strategy’, unpublished Ph.D. disserta-
tion (MIT, 1969)
Eason, W. W., ‘Soviet Manpower: The Population and Labor
Force of the USSR’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis (Columbia
University, 1959)
Fridberg, L. Ya., ‘Gosudarstvennye zagotovki i obrazovanie
khlebnogo fonda v SSSR (1921—1940gg.)’, unpublished
Doctoral dissertation (Moscow Financial Institute, 1973)
Gooderham, P. O., ‘The Regional Party Apparatus in the First
Five-Year Plan: the Case of Leningrad’, unpublished Discus-
sion Paper SIPS no. 24 (CREES, University of Birmingham,
1983)
Hoffmann, D. L., ‘Urbanization and Social Change during
Soviet Industrialization: In-Migration to Moscow, 1929-1937’,
unpublished Ph.D. dissertation (Columbia University, New
York, 1990)
Khlevnyuk, O. and Davies, R. W., ‘The Role of Gosplan in
Economic Decision-Making in the 1930s’, unpublished Discus-
Bibliography 573
sion Papers, SIPS no. 36 (CREES, University of Birmingham,
і 3)
Kotkin, S., ‘Magnetic Mountain: City Building and City Life in
the Soviet Union in the 1930s’: A Study of Magnitogorsk’,
unpublished Ph.D. dissertation (University of California at
Berkeley, 1988)
Morrell, G. W., ‘Britain Confronts the Stalin Revolution: Anglo-
Soviet Relations and the Metro-Vickers’ Crisis’, unpublished
manuscript (1993)
Powell, R. P., ‘A Materials-Input Index of Soviet Construction,
1927/1928 to 1955’, unpublished RAND Research Memor-
andum, parts i—ii, RM-1872 and RM-1873 (Santa Monica,
1957)
Powell, R. P., ‘A Materials-Input Index of Soviet Construction,
Revised and Extended’, unpublished RAND Research Mem-
orandum RM-2454 (Santa Monica, 1959)
Redding, A. D., ‘Nonagricultural Employment in the USSR,
1928—55’, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation (Columbia Univer-
sity, 1958)
Russell, J., ‘The Role of Socialist Competition in Establishing
Labour Discipline in the Soviet Working Class, 1928—1934’,
unpublished Ph.D. thesis (CREES, University of Birmingham,
1987)
Sadler, A., ‘The Party Organisation in the Soviet Enterprise,
1928- 34’, unpublished M.Soc.Sc. thesis (CREES, University of
Birmingham, 1979)
Straus, K. M., ‘The Transformation of the Soviet Working Class,
1929- 1935: The Regime in Search of a New Social Stability’,
unpublished Ph.D. dissertation (University of Pennsylvania,
1990)
Tupper, S. M., ‘The Red Army and Soviet Defence Industry,
1934—1941’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis (CREES, University of
Birmingham, 1982)
Wheatcroft, S. G., ‘The Population Dynamic and Factors
Affecting It in the Soviet Union in the 1920’s and 1930’s’,
unpublished Discussion Papers SIPS nos. 1 2 (CREES,
University of Birmingham, 1976)
Wheatcroft, S. G., ‘Statistics and Economic Decision Making in
the USSR under Stalin’, unpublished working paper (CREES,
University of Birmingham, 1979)
574
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Wheatcroft, S. G., ‘Towards an Analysis of the Class Divisions in
the USSR in the 1920 s and 1930 s, with Special Reference to
the Non-Agricultural Non-Labouring Classes’, unpublished
working paper (University of Birmingham, 1984)
SECTION 2 NEWSPAPERS, JOURNALS AND OTHER
PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS
Acta Slavica Iaponica (Tokyo)
BoVshemk
Byulleten9 ekonomicheskogo kabineta prof. S. N. Prokopovicha (Prague)
Byulleten9 Narodnogo Komissariata Snabzheniya (from 1931; formerly
ZakonodateUstvo i rasporyazheniya po torgovle)
Byulleten9 Oppozitsii (boVshevikov-lenintsev) (Berlin to 1932, Paris
from 1933)
Byulleten9 sprosa i predlozheniya
Cahiers du monde russe et sovietique (Paris)
Cahiers Leon Trotsky (Paris)
Economic History Review
Ekonomicheskaya zhizn9
EKO (Novosibirsk)
Ekonomicheskoe obozrenie
Europe-Asia Studies (formerly Soviet Studies)
Ezhegodnik khlebooborota
Finansovye problemy planovogo khozyaistva
Finansy i sotsialisticheskoe khozyaistvo
Frankfurter £eitung
Gudok
Istoricheskie znpiski
Itogi vypolneniya narodno-khozyaistvennogo plana po torgovle i snabzheniyu
(TsUNKhU) (renamed Itogi vypolneniya narodno-khozyaistvennogo
plana po tovarooborotu from 1934)
Iunost9
Izvestiya
Izvestiya TsK
Journal of Economic Literature
Kommunist
Le Temps (Paris)
Literatumaya gazeta
Machinery
Bibliography 575
Memorandum (Birmingham Bureau of Research on Russian
Economic Conditions, University of Birmingham)
Metall
Na planovom fronte
Narodnoe khozyaistvo
Nashe stroiteVstvo
New York Times
Nizhnee Povolzh’e (Saratov)
Novaya i noveishaya istoriya
Oktyabf
Osnovnye pokazdteli raboty promyshlennosti NKTP (Otchetno-ekono-
micheskoi sektor NKTP)
Osnovnye pokazdteli vypolneniya narodno-khozyaistvennogo plana
(TsUNKhU)
Otechestvennaya istoriya (formerly Istoriya SSSR)
Pamyat’ (Paris)
Partiinaya zhizny
Partiinoe stroiteVstvo
Past and Present
Plan: organ Gosplana i TsUNKhU SSSR
Planovoe khozyaistvo
Pravda
Predpriyatie: proizvodstvenno-ekonomicheskii i tekhnicheskii zhumal
Problemy ekonomiki
Proletarskaya revolyutsiya
Puti industrializatsii
Sbomik postanovlenii i prikazov po promyshlennosti (VSNKh SSSR)
Sbomik postanovlenii i prikazov po promyshlennosti, Narodnyi komissariat
tyazheloi promyshlennosti
Sevemyi rabochii (Yaroslavl’)
Slavic Review (Urbana-Champaign)
Sobranie uzakonenii i rasporyazhenii RSFSR
Sobranie zakonov i rasporyazhenii SSSR
Sotsialisticheskii vestnik (Paris)
Sotsialisticheskoe zcmledelie
Sovetskaya metallurgiya: tekhniko-ekonomicheskii zhumal
Sovetskaya torgovlya
Sovetskie arkhivy
Soviet Studies
Soyuz
Statistika trūda
576
Bibliography
Stroitel’naya promyshlennost’
Svobodnaya mysl* (formerly Kommunist, formerly BoUshevik)
Torgovo-promyshlennaya gazeta {Za industrialzatsiyu from beginning
of 1930)
Trud
Vestnik Kommunisttcheskoi Akademii
Vneshnyaya torgovlya
Vneshnyaya torgovlya Soyuza SSR: statisticheskii obzor
Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal
Voprosy istorii
Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniya i tekhniki
Voprosy truda
Vypolnenie narodno-khozyaistvennogo plana (Gosplan)
Za industrializatsiyu
Zfl rekonstruktsiyu tekstiVnoi promyshlennosti
SECTION 3 BOOKS, ETC., IN RUSSIAN
Amfiteatrov, G., [ed.] Sistema planovykh dogovorov v promyshlennosti
(1933)
Andrukhov, N. R., Partiinoe stroiteVstvo v period bor’by za pobedu
sotsializtna v SSSR, 1917—1937 (1977)
Arakelyan, A., Osnovnye fondy promyshlennosti SSSR (1938)
Astashenkov, P. T., Akademik S. P. Korolev (1969)
Barsov, A. A., Balans stoimostnykh obmenov mezhdu gorodom i derevnei
(1969)
Belomorsko-Baltiiskii kanal imeni Stalina (1932)
Blinov, A. S., Ivan Akulov (1967)
Bukharin, N., Etyudy (1932)
Byli industrial’nye: ocherki i vospominaniya (1970)
Chernaya metallurgiya, zhelezorudnaya, marganetsevaya i koksovaya
promyshlennost SSSR: statisticheskii sbomik (1935)
4 [ChetvertayaJ sessiya Tsentratnogo Ispolnitel’nogo Komiteta Soyuza
SSR 6 sozyva [December 28, 1933—January 4, 1934] (1934)
Chistka sovetskogo apparata k XVI s”ezdu VKP (b) (1930)
Denezhnye dokhody, raskhody i platezhi derevni v 1930(31g. (po dannym
vyborochnogo obsledovaniya) (1931)
Desyat let Sovetskogo sudostroeniya (1932)
Bibliography
577
Devyatyi vsesoyuznyi s”ezd professionaľnykh soyuzov SSSR: stenogra-
Jicheskii otchet [April 20—29, 1932] (1933)
Direktivy KPSS i sovetskogo praviteVstva po khozyaistvennym voprosam:
sbomik dokumentov, vol. II, 1929—1945 gody (1957)
Direktor l. A. Likhachev: v vospominaniyakh sovremennikov; o zavode г о
sebe (1971)
Dmitriev, V. I., Sovetskoe podvodnoe korablestroenie (1990)
Dokumenty vneshnei politiki SSSR, vol. XIV, 1 уanvarya — 31 dekabrya
1931 (1968), vol. XV, 1 yanvatya — 31 dekabrya 1932 (1969),
vol. XVI, 1 yanvarya — 31 dekabrya 1933 (1970)
Dubinskii-Mukhadze, I., Ordzhonikidze (1963)
Ekonomicheskaya zhizn’ SSSR: kkronika sobytii i faktov, 1917-1959
(1961)
Elektrifikatsiya SSSR: sbomik dokumentov i materialov, 1926-1932gg.
(1966)
Finansy sotsialisticheskogo gosudarstva. Svodka balansov za 1933g.
(1935)
Flakserman, Yu. N., Gleb Maksimilianovich KrzhizJhanovskii (1964)
Formirovanie i rozvitie sovetskogo rabochego klassa (1917—1961gg.):
sborník statei (1964)
Frankfurt, S. M., Rozhdenie stali i cheloveka (1935)
Galiguzov, I.F. and Churilin, М.Б., Flagman otechestvennoi
industrii: istoriya Magnitogorskogo metallurgicheskogo kombinata imeni
V. I. Lenina {1978)
Gan, L., Udarnye stroiki SSSR (1932)
Gershberg, S., Rabota u nas takaya: zapiski zhumalista-pravdista
tridtsatykh godov (1971)
God vosemnadtsatyi. Almanakh shestoi (1935)
(Granat) Entsiklopedicheskii slovar, vol. 41, ii
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Abbe, J. E., I Photograph Russia (USA, 1934)
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Allan, S. R., Comrades and Citizens (Soviet People) (London, 1938)
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Bailes, K. E., Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin: Origins of
the Soviet Technical Intelligentsia, 1917—1941 (Princeton, 1978)
Barmine, A., Memoirs of a Soviet Diplomat: Twenty Tears in the
Service of the USSR (London, 1938)
Bergson, A., The Structure of Soviet Wages: A Study in Socialist
Economics (Cambridge, Mass., 1944)
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Foreign Office Confidential Print, part II, From the First to the Second
World War, Series A, The Soviet Union, 1917—1939, volsX (1986),
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1926-1929, vol.I (London, 1969)
Carynnyk, M., Luciuk, L. Y. and Kordan, B. S., eds, The Foreign
Office and the Famine: British Documents on Ukraine and the Great
Famine of 1932—1933 (Kingston, Ontario; Vestal, New York,
1988)
The Case of Leon Trotsky: Report of Hearings on the Charges Made
against Him in the Moscow Trials by the Preliminary Commission of
Inquiry (New York, 1937, reprinted 1968)
Chamberlin, W. H., Russia’s Iron Age (Boston, 1934)
Ciliga, A., The Russian Enigma (London, 1979 [first published in
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Clark, M. G., The Economics of Soviet Steel (Cambridge, Mass., 1956)
Coates, W. P. and Z. K., A History of Anglo-Soviet Relations
(London, 1945)
Conquest, R., The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purge of the Thirties
(London, 1968)
Dallin, D. J. and Nicolaevski, P. I., Forced Labour in Soviet Russia
(London, 1948)
Davies, R. W., The Development of the Soviet Budgetary System
(Cambridge, 1958)
Davies, R. W., The Soviet Economy in Turmoil, 1929-1930 (London
. and Basingstoke, 1989)
Davies, R. W., ed., Soviet Investment for Planned Industrialisation,
1929-1937: Policy and Practice: Selected Papers from the Second World
Congress for Soviet and East European Studies (Berkeley, 1984)
Davies, R. W., ed., From Tsarism to the New Economic Policy:
Continuity and Change in the Economy of the USSR (London, 1990)
Davies, R. W., Cooper, J. M. and Ilič, M.J., Soviet Official
Statistics on Industrial Production, Capital Stock and Capital
Investment, 1928—41, SIPS Occasional Paper No. 1 (CREES,
U niversity of Birmingham, 1991)
Davies, R. W., Harrison, M., and Wheatcroft, S. G., eds, The
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Policy 1919-1939, 2nd series, vol. VII, 1929-34 (London, 1958)
Wrecking Activities at Power Stations in the Soviet Union (1933)
Writings of Leon Trotsky (1932) (New York, 1973)
Writings of Leon Trotsky (1933-34) (New York, 1972)
Writings of Leon Trotsky: Supplement (1929—1933) (New York, 1979)
Yergin, D., Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the
National Security State (London, 1978)
Zaleski, E., Planning for Economic Growth in the Soviet Union, 1918-
1932 (Chapel Hill, 1971)
Zaleski, E., Stalinist Planning for Economic Growth, 1933-1952 (North
Carolina/London, 1980)
NAME INDEX
Abakumov, E. T., 384, 385n
Abbe, J. E., 145n
Abolin, K., 427n
Abramov, I., 293—5, 365n, 484n
Abramovich, R. A., 143
Abramsky, C., 21 On
Afanas’ev, A., 344, 345
Agranov, Ya. S., 184n
Aikhenval’d, A. Yu., 247
Akulov, I. A., 77, 84, 184n, 329, 348, 349,
381, 383, 385n, 386
Al’do, B., 45n
Aleksandrov, I., 47
Allan, S. R., 335n
Alliluyeva, N., 255
Alliluyeva, S., 255n
Alperovich, E. M., 498
Amfiteatrov, G., 465n
Andreev, A. A., 2In, 42, 101-3, 276n,
367, 381, 402n
Andrukhov, N. R., 334n
Antipov, N. K., 22In, 261-3n
Antselovich, N. M., 256n, 257, 259
Arakelyan, A., 409n, 414n
Artamonov, M., 265, 267
Astashenkov, P. T., 170n, 497n
Astrov, N., 247n
Auerbach, L., 32n
Bagdasarov, V. Sh., 43In
Bagdat’ev, S., 104n, 302n, 467n
Bailes, K. E., 13n, 46n, 48n, 83n, 124n
Balakhnin, S. M., 165n
Baranov, P. I., 114, 166, 352, 494
Barber, J. D., 81n, 443n, 444n
Bardin, I. P., 107, 151, 479
Barinov, M., 158n, 266n
Barmine, A., 9n
Barsov, A. A., 273n, 274n, 304n, 553n,
554n, 556n
Barthou, 437n
Bazarov, V. A., 38, 76n, 143n
Bazilevich, G. D., 115
Beika, S., 219n
Belousov, M., 20n
Berezin, A., 285n
Bergson, A., 53n, 178n, 447n
Berlatskii, B. M., 38
Berzin, Ya. K., 185n
Bespalov, S., 219n, 220n
Bess, D., 35n
Bineman, Ya. M., 26n, 71 n
Birbraer, M. I., 50n, 225-8, 265-8, 342-7,
431n
see also Ivanov, N.
Birman, S. P., 153n, 154n, 388, 401, 402
Blagonravov, G. I., 2In, 101
Blinov, A. S., 38In, 385n, 386n
Blyumin, I. G., 37n
Bogomolov, N. A., 159n, 279n
Bogushevsky, V. S., 268, 343—6
Bokii, G. I., 339
Boncour, P., 359n, 36In
Boothby, R., 159n
Borilin, B. S., 81, 198n, 200, 235n, 292
Briand, A., 23n, 80n, 157n
Broue, P., 245n, 246n
Bubnov, A. S., 84n
Budnevich, A., 267n
Budnyak, D. F., 114n
Bukharin, N. I., 47, 140, 143, 144n, 157,
202, 228n, 247, 248n, 317n, 328, 329,
. 347n, 356, 357, 359, 403, 426n
Bullard, E., 365n, 369n, 373n, 404n, 424n,
428n, 456n
Bullitt, W., 357, 359, 360n, 438
Burmistrov, N. S., 129n
Butaev, K., 61, 196n, 197n
Butler, R., 79n, 121 n, I90n, 234n, 241 n,
317n, 332n, 338n, 437n, 439n
Cairns, A., 186, 187n, 192n
Galder,J., 479
Carr, E. H., 4n, 5n, 13n, 23n, 31n, 47n,
49n, 53n, 54n, 79n, 14n6, I90n, 202n,
209n, 218n, 223n, 265n, 33In, 337n,
357n, 360n, 417n, 47In, 482n, 554n
Carynnyk, M., 187n, 192n
Chamberlin, W. H., 34n, 455n, 456
Chapkevich, E. A., 84n
588
Name Index
589
Charomskii, A. G., 114n, 497n
Chayanov, A. V., 143n
Chernov, M. A., 185n, 186n, 205, 34In,
369n
Chilston, Viscount, 437n, 438
Chubar’, V. Ya., 237n, 415n
Chumakova, A., 190n
Churchill, W. S., 15
Churilin, Μ. E., 150n
Ciliga, A., 248n, 347n
Clark, M. G., 414n, 518
Coates, W. P., 35n, 337n, 338n
Conquest, R., 167, 338n
Conty, 80n, 12In
Cooper, J. Μ., 114n, 31 In, 473n, 476n,
480η, 492η, 493η, 494n, 497n, 498n
Coote, E., 428n
Dallin, D. J., 35n
Darotchetche, B., 333n
Dejean, 80η, 123n, 158n, 173n
Deniskii, A., 388n
Deutscher, I., 246
Dik, I., 11 In
Dimitrov, G., 356, 360n
Dirksen, H. von, 356
Dmitriev, V. I., 169n
Dodge, N. T., 312n, 410n
Dohan, Μ., 118n, 119n, 12 In, 164n,
315n, 434n
Dokunin, V., 20n, 21 n
Dol’nikov, I, M., 129n, 343-6, 420, 422
Dominique, P., 455n
Dorodnov, E., 172n
Doshchenko, E. N., 34n
Doyarenko, A. G., 143n
Drobizhev, V. Z., 88n, 444n
Dubinskii-Mukhadze, I., 84n
Dubner, A., 45n, 56n, 57n, 92
Dugin, A. N., 542n
Dukarevich, Z. I., 51 n
Dukor, G. I., 267n
Duranty, W., 338n, 36In
Dzeniskevich, A. Ya., 109n
Dzerzhinskii, F. E., 37, 388, 496n
Eason, W. W., 219n, 396n
Eden, A., 279n
Edmondson, L., 475n, 520n
Efimov, D., 436n
Egorov, A. I., !14n
Eikhe, R. I., 185n, 258, 287, 288
Eismont, N. B., 254, 255n, 326, 327, 329,
333
Elantseva, O. P., 44In
Eltsin, B., 327
Eremchenko, A., 430n
Erlich, A., 197n
Erman, V., 92n
Ezhov, N. I., 262, 263n
Fainsod, M., 83n, 183n, 348n
Fal’k, B., 45n, 46n
Fedorov, A., 266n
FedoFev, P., 416n
Ferguson, J. S., 15In, 365n
Figatner, Yu. P., 402n
Filtzer, D., 60n, 188n
Finn-Enotaevskii. A. Ya., 38
Firin, S. G., 32n
Firsov, F., 79n
Fitzpatrick, S., 78n, I44n, 419n, 445n,
449n
Flakserman, Yu. N., 136n, 482n
Frankfurt, S. M., 34, 107, 151, 364n,
365n, 388n, 41On
Freidenberg, M., 159n
Fridberg, L. Ya., 243n
Friedman, E. M., 27n, 56n, 63n
Friedmann, G., 149n
Frolov, P., 284n
Frondt, K., 158n
Frumkin, M. I., 142
Galiguzov, I. F., 150n
Gamarnik, Ya. B., 168, 172, 358
Ganshin, S. M., 9n
Garvi, P. A., 143n
Gaspar’yants, 401
Gatovsky, L. M., 64, 272n
Genak, T. A., 92n
Genkin, Ye., 40n
Gershberg, S., 109n, 307n, 32In, 385n
Gindin, Ya. I., 346m
Ginzburg, A. M., 38
Ginzburg, L., 306n
Gladkov, I. A., 341, 342
Glazunov, N. Ya., 2In
Glebov-Avilov, N., 144
Gliksman, E., 55n, 56n
Glyn, Major R., M.P., 94n
Gol’tsman, A. Z., 116n, 352
Gol’tsman, E. S., 230, 245, 246
Goleshchekin, F. I., 185n
Gorbachev, 165
Gorbachev, M. S., 327
Gorinov, M. M., 34n
590
Name Index
Gorky, M., 32n, 36, 37n, 39, 253, 280n,
405, 410, 427
Got’e, Yu. V., 84
Graham, L. R., 47n
Granat, A. N., 202n
Granick, D., 449n, 475n
Greenway, B. D., 63n, 113n
Grigor’ev, Ya., 415n
Grigorovich, V. I., 36
Grin’ko, G. F., 2n, 50, 52n, 67, 69, 97n,
131, 165, 230, 232, 237, 296, 325,
330
Groman, V. G., 38
Grosskopf, 238n
Grossman, V. Ya., 218n
Gryadinskii, F. P., 185n
Guberman, S. E., llOn, 153n, 185n
Gugel’, Ya. S., 107, 147n, 150, 151n,
158n, 160n, 455n
Gurevich, A. I., 131, 294n, 345n
Harrison, M., 106n, 443n
Haslam, J., 79n, 80n, 166n, 170n, 172n,
173n, 278n, 279n, 331n, 332n, 338n,
358n, 360n, 361 n
Henderson, A., 119n
Herbette, J., 23n
Hewett, E., 118n
Hilger, G., 171n
Hider, A., 78, 331, 359n, 438
Hodgman, D. R., 308n, 468n, 517
Hoffman, D, L., 448n
Hrushevsky, M. S., 142
Hughes, J., 63n
Hunter, H., 20n, 308n, 390n, 397 n
Iakovlev [Yakovlev], A., 248n
Ignatov, V., 60n, 262n
Ikov, V. K., 38
Ili£, M. J., 473n, 476n, 480n
Il’in, Ya,, lln, 17n, 84n
Ivanov, M. S., 247
Ivanov, N. (pseud.), 225n, 228
see also Birbraer, M. I.
Ivanov, V. I., 173, 199, 479
Ivnitskii, N. A., 33n, 488n
Izotov, N. A., 307, 308, 375, 403
Izrailovich, A. I., 86n
Kafengauz, L. B., 143n
Kaganovich, L. M., 10, 59, 60n, 67n, 8In,
143n, 145, 149, 184n, 189, 190,
215—7, 231, 235, 237n, 239n, 243,
249n, 253, 262, 271, 276n, 288n, 311,
326, 334, 340, 343, 351, 381, 382-4,
389, 390, 446, 457
Kaganovich, M. M., 13n, 157, 368n,
400-1, 403n
Kalinin, M. I., 146, 214, 215, 217, 278,
448n
Kalinina, E. I., 448
Kalistratov, Yu., 57n
Kalmanovich, M. I., 23n, 97n
Kamenev, L. B., 245n, 247, 253, 347,
357n
Kapustin, P., 149n
Karakhan, L. M., 166, 332n, 357n
Karmashov, V., 148n
Karner, Dr. A., 124
Kasyanenko, V. I., 492n
Kattel’, M. A., 173n
Kaufman, M. Ya., 47In
Kayurov, V. N., 247
Keane, D. W., 23n, 113n
Kemp-Welch, A., 143n, 253n
Kerber, L. L., 494n
Kerensky, A. F., 359n
Khaevskii, I., 303
Khalepskii, I. A., 114n, 494
Khataevich, M. M., 135, 258
Khavin, A., 19n, 268n, 277n, 345n, 410
Khavin, I., 345n
Kheinman, S., 76n
Khlevnyuk, O., lln, 31 n, 32n, 46n, 139n,
144n, I88n, 189n, 190n, 23In, 322n,
441 n
Khmelnitskaya, E. L., 8n
Khrushchev, N. S., 77n, 184n, 243n, 255n
Kirov, S. M., 146, 156n, 167, 215, 253,
311, 348
Knyaz’kov, G., 267n, 409n
Kolchak, Admiral, 245n
Kol man, A., 38n
Koldobskii, A., 129n
Koilontai, A., 250
Kolomenskii, A., 493n
Konar, F. M., 337, 338
Kondratiev, N. D , 38, 39, 48, 142, 143n
Konovalov, 296n
Koptev, K., 43In
Kornai, J., 267n
Kornilov, L. G., 334
Kosarev, A. V., 172
Kosechenko, G., 262n
Koshel’kov, N., 2In
Kosior, I. V., 382n, 383
Kosior, S. V., 237n, 311
Kostin, Kh. 1., 148n
Мате Index
591
Kostyuchenko, S., 170n
Kotkin, S.» 455n
Krasil’nikov, S. A., 44In
Krasnov-Levitin, A., 143n
KravaP, I. A., 30, 339, 340, 343, 422n
Krestinsky, N. N., 159n
Kricher, V., 401 n
Kristin, A. I., 494n
Kritsman, L. N., 333n
Kruglikov, S., 345n
Krylenko, N. V., 184n, 216
Krylov, L, 263n
Krzhizhanovsky, G. M., 105, 128, 136,
137, 341, 463
Kuibyshev, V. V., 6n, 18n, 22, 36, 40,
41n, 43, 44n, 47, 65, 66n, 67-8, 7In,
97n, 115, 116, 123, 129, 130, 133-5,
137, 138, 139, 140, 146, 147, 157,
167-9, 174, 177, 185n, 191, 194,
200n, 205, 21 On, 212-4, 230, 231,
237n, 242, 253, 275, 276n, 292, 296,
298, 317, 322, 323, 340, 341, 345n,
347, 366n, 367, 378, 397n, 415n, 457
Kurchitskii, S. V., 307n
Kulikova, I. S., 250n
Kuritsyn, I., 374n
Kuromiya, H., 21 n
Kurskii, A. D., 48In
Kuz’min, N., 57η, 124n, 415n, 552n
Kvasha, Ya. B., 495n
Kviring, E. I., 275, 276
Lampert, N., 84n, 85n, 452n
Lang, H., 375n
Lauer, G. B., 107n, !53n, 198n, 299n,
484n
Laval, P., 120n, 123n
Lavrent ev, 185n
Lebedinskaya, E., 42In, 422n
Lebedinskii, E., 345n
Leibman, A., 85n
LePchuk, V. S., 3n, 16n, 86n, 204n
Lenin, V. I., 16, 37, 59, 136, 137, 190,
318, 349, 389, 406, 437, 493
Levin, B., 126n, 127n, 13in, 155n, 176n,
306n, 308n, 496n
Levin, R. Ya., 23n
Lewin, M., 210, 440
Lewis, R. A., 36n, 419n, 497n
Likhachev, I. A., 171n
Littlepage, J. D., 34, 35n
Litvinov, Μ. M., 79, 166, 324n, 332n,
337, 357, 359
Lobov, S. S., 9n, 220n
Lokshin, A., 5In
Lokshin, S., 42In, 422n
Lominadze, V. V., 246, 346
Lomov, G, I., 137, 200, 298, 366
Lomov, L., 417n, 418n
Ludwig, E., 145
Luk’yanov, 55n
Lunacharsky, A. V., 29In
Lyando, A., 263n
Lyons, E., 291 n
Lyubimov, D., 204, 224, 26In, 408
MacDonald, W. L., 337
Maimin, A. B., 335, 336
Maiorov, M., 436n
Makarov, N. P., 143n
Malafeev, A. N., 63n, 194n, 21 In, 428n,
529n, 553n, 554n, 556n
Mandalyan, T., 303n
Manuilsky, D. Z., 78
Mar’yasin, L. E., 23n, 230
Maretsky, D., 247, 253
Markevich, A. M.y 230
Markov, V. (pseud.), 227
see also Verner, V.
Markus, V., 55n
Maslov, P. P., 76n
Matushkin, P. G., 150n, 15In
Mednikov, N., 7n, 41
Medvedev, R. A,, 253n
Mekhlis, L. Z., 346
MendePson, A. S., 262
Menzhinsky, V. R., 36, 84, 243n, 496
Merridale, C., 209n, 447n
Mezhlauk, V. I., 48, 153, 168, 198, 235,
262, 263n, 267, 268, 283n, 292,
296-300, 330, 339, 341 n, 359n, 379n,
397n, 490n
Mikoyan, A. L, 23n, 67, 94, 95, 97n,
163n, !78n, 205, 218, 224, 256, 259,
260, 288n, 290n, 349, 350, 394, 406,
429n, 431, 432, 454, 480, 481, 488
Miliukov, P., 249
Milson, J., 114n
Minaev, S. V., 202, 203n, 26In, 262, 340
Mindlin, Z. S., 202n
Mints, L. E., 76n
Mirzoyan, Լ. I., 135
Mokhson, A., 55n
Molotov, V. M., 3n, 13, 14, 17, 31n, 32n,
35, 41, 42, 47, 48, 53n, 55, 56n, 6In,
67, 69, 70n, 75, 78, 80, 81n, 96, 115n,
117n, 120, 124, 127n, 133-40, 145,
146, 15In, 164-6, 168, 169, 204, 205,
Name Index
592
Molotov, V. M. (coni.)
22In, 245, 250, 253, 262, 267, 276n,
277n, 286, 288n, 296, 317, 322, 323,
327, 34In, 343n, 348, 351, 360n, 361,
366n, 367, 370, 37In, 379n, 382, 383,
390, 397n, 415n, 464, 520n, 542n,
548n
Monkhouse, A., 337n, 338n, 339n, 497n
Moorsteen, R., 104n, 302n, 303n, 305n,
407n, 412, 517n
Morgunov, N. S., 266n, 43In
Morrell, G. W., 337n
Moshkov, Yu. A., 183n, 210n
Musatov, K., 344, 345
Mushpert, Ya., 56n, 57n
Mussolini, B., 359n, 360
Naumchik, I., 263n
Neiman, G. Ya., 273n
Nekrasov, A. I., 170n
Nemchinov, V. S., 202n, 339, 340n
Nemecek, V., 496n
Neumann, H., 79
Neurath, von, 359n
Nicolaevsky, B. I., 35n, 248n
Nikol’skii, N. V., 254, 255n
Nodel’, V., 212n, 214n, 271n, 272n, 431n,
432n
Nutter, G. W., 9n, 305n, 420n, 468n,
477n, 517n
Ordzhonikidze, G. K., 9, 11-5, 17, 23n,
37, 45, 46, 48-51, 56, 57, 67, 68-9,
70n, 72n, 8In, 83n, 84, 93, 97n, 102,
103, 105n, 106n, 107, 120, 124, 125,
126, 128n, 130, 133, 139, 144, 146,
147, 149, 150, 156, 157, 159n, 167n,
170n, 199n, 204, 224, 225, 231, 253,
268, 269, 270, 286, 294, 295, 31 In,
312n, 317n, 32In, 323, 324-6, 335,
346, 347, 349-52, 362, 364, 371, 374,
381, 382n, 402, 413, 438, 463, 498
Osinsky, V. V., 135, 201, 202, 262,
339-41, 343n
Osokina, E. A., 18In, 182n, 188n, 380n,
454n
Osvenskii, Z. A., 150n, 363n
Ovey, Sir E., 79n, 164n, 173n, 255n, 317n
Panfilova, A. M., 306n
Paparde, L. A., 388
Paramonov, I. V., 402
Parkhomenko, E., 267n
Partigul, S., 81, 263n
Pashkov, A. E., 37n
Pass, S. G., 29n, 237, 404
Paton, G. P., 119n
Pavlunovsky, I. P., 169n
Payart, 157n, 17In, 437n
Pereľman, E. S., 418n
Peshkin, I. S., 149n, 157n
Peters, Ya. Kh., 329
Petropavlovskii, S., 490n
Petrov, A. I., 65, 104n, 262, 263
Petrovsky, L. P., 247n
Petrovsky, P. G., 247, 253
Petunin, K. G., 38
Piľmeister, I., 37n
Piterskii, A. M., 406n
Pivovarov, I. N., 257n
Platonov, S. F., 84n
Podgaetskii, M. S., 495n
Podolskii, G., 479n
Polikarpov, N. N., 36, 496
Polonskii, V. I., 276n
Pope, Colonel, 332n
Popov, A. S., 202n, 339, 340n
Popov, N., 273n, 43In
Postnikov, A., 97n
Postyshev, P. P., 34n, 38n, 57, 67, 69, 70n,
85n, 142, 143n, 185n, 190, 224n, 251,
255n, 276n, 277n, 329n, 403, 417n,
446n
Powell, R., 104n, 302n, 303n, 391 n, 517n,
518n
Pozern, B. P., 258n, 328n, 400n
Preobrazhensky, E. A., 81, 142, 196-7,
198n, 228n, 254, 333, 347
Prishvin, M. M., 144, 280n
Prokofev, G. Ya., 29In
Prokopovich, S., 437n
Protasov, N., 363n
Ptukha, M., 237n
Pushkin, A. S., 280n
Pyatakov, Yu. L., 93, 152, 224n, 230, 231,
251, 26In, 382n, 402, 406, 478n, 492n
Rabkina, N. E., 447n
Radek, K., 360
RagoPskii, M., 197n, 200n, 26In
Rakoshi, Z., 43n
Ramzin, L. K., 13
Rapp, T. C., 32n
Reading, Marquess of, 12In, 122n, 456n
Redding, A. D., 441n
Rees, E. A., 2in, 27n, 101 n, 102n, 144n,
390n, 402n
Name Index
593
Ribardiěre, M., 28In, 482n, 494n
Richards, C. S,, 338n
Rigby, T. H., 447n
Rikman, V* V., 408n
Rimashevskaya, N. M., 447n
Rishin, L.y 484n
Robespierre, M., 249n
Rogov, 336n
Romanov, A. P., 170n
Roosevelt, F. D., 357, 359, 360n
Rozengol’ts, A. R., 97n, 437n
Rozental’, K.y 18n, 42n
Rubin, I. I., 37, 38
Rudzutak, Ya. E., 97n, 121, 125, 189n,
190-1, 208n, 237n, 255n, 323, 326,
336n
Rukhimovich, M. L., 2In, 25, 42, 66n,
101, 102
Rumbold, 122n
Russell, J., 60n, 87n, 88n
Ryabushkin, T. V., 263n
Rybinin, K. I., 235n
Rybnikov, A. A., I43n
Rykov, A. I., 31n, 247, 328, 329, 347
Ryl’skii, M., 61 n
Ryutin, M. N , 247-54, 255n, 320, 329,
347
Sadler, A., 445n, 446n
Samueli, S., 88n
Saunders, G., 190n
Savel’ev, M. A., 255n
Schiller, O., 187
Schwarz, S., 85n, 86n, 373n, 374n
Scott, J., 150, 411, 455n, 492n
Sedov, L., 143, 230n, 245-6, 247n, 250,
254, 283n
Sen’ko, V. G., 219, 220, 234n
Serebrovsky, A., 9n, 148, 478
Serge, V., 347n
Shakhmuradov, A. S., 9n, 402, 416n
Shaposhnikov, B. M., 114n
Shavrov, V., 36n, 496n, 497n
Sheboldaev, B. P., 57, 88n, 141, 242, 415n
Shenkman, E. M., 119n
Sher, V, V., 38
Shimotomai, N., 188n, 208n, 244n, 272n,
29In, 333n, 369n, 384n, 446n
Shiokawa, N., 29n, 383n
Shiryaev, A., 220n
Shishkin, I. B., 255n
Shkiryatov, M. F., 328
Shkundin, Z. L, 5In, 93n
Shmidt, V. V., 327, 329, 333n
Sholokhov, M., 243
Shpekterov, L., 418n
Shubrikov, V. P., 277n, 370n
Shul’kin, L. P., 397n
Shulgin, V. N., 78
Shvernik, N. M., 88n, 97n, 98, 130, 145,
288n, 354n, 355n
Siegelbaum, L., 87n, 88n, 307n
Simon, J., 32n, 122n, 164n, 167n, I70n,
173n, 183n, 255n, 332n, 348n, 368n,
372n, 41 In, 437n, 456n
Skobolevsky, General, 278
Skrypnik, N. A., 257, 333
Slepkov, A. N., 247, 252, 253, 329
Smilga, I. T., 128, 142, 200, 201n, 264,
332, 333n, 347
Smirnov, A. P., 142, 254, 255, 326-9,
333n
Smirnov, I. N., 13, 14, 133n, 142n, 230n,
245, 246, 254, 264, 332,.333n
Smith, A., 335n, 497n
Smoilovskii, 40In
Smolin, N., 263n ^
Sokol’nikov, G. Ya., 333n
Sokolov, Z., 56n
Sokolovskii, A. L., 38n
Solov’ev, B., 199n
Solzhenitsyn, A. I., 37
Sonin, M. Ya., 306n
Sorokin, M., 436n
Spektor, G. A., 8n
Spengler, O., 357n
Spivak, I. I., 7n, 527n
Spivak, T., 262n, 263
Stakhanov, A. G., 307n
Stalin, I. V., 3n, 5, 10, lln, 15-7, 21, 25,
27, 31, 32, 35, 37, 38,41, 42, 44, 46-8,
53, 58n, 60n, 65, 67, 69, 70-82, 84n,
88-90, 98, 100, 114, 120, 121, 124,
133, 135, 136, 138, 142, 144, 145, 146,
151, 156n, 166, 167, 169, 175, 185,
190, 198, 202, 204, 208, 209n, 210n,
213, 218, 225, 231, 242, 243, 247, 248,
249, 251, 253, 254, 255-7, 261, 262,
265, 288, 292, 295, 296, 306, 314,
317-22, 325, 326, 327, 328, 332, 340,
343n, 347-51, 353, 355, 356, 357n,
358, 361 n, 367, 370, 37in, 379n, 382,
383, 388, 432, 437, 447, 456-8, 460,
462, 464, 467, 480, 48In, 542n
Starkov, B., 246n, 247n, 253n
Starov, N., 48n
Sten, Ya., 246, 253, 347
Stctsky, A. I., 140, 143n, 346
Мате Index
594
Strang, W., 32n, 77n, 94n, 119n, 121 n,
122, 167n, 170n, I83n, 190n, 235n,
24In, 332n, 348n, 365n, 368n, 369n,
372n, 373n, 41 In, 424n, 456n
Straus, K. M., 445n
Strumilin, S. G., 81, 202, 341, 342
Stuart, G. E., 56
Stuck, R. W., 150n, 455
Sukhanov, N. N., 38
Sukhomlin, K. V., 352n
Sulimov, D. E., 20
Sutton, A. C., 22n, 56n, 31 In, 479n, 494n
Svistun, P. I., 7n
Syrtsov, S. I., 31n, 246n, 346
TaP, B. M., 346, 437n
Tamarin, I., 430n
Taniuchi, Y., 383n
Tardieu, A., 158n, 171n, 173n
Tarle, E. V., 84
Teiterbaum, M. I., 38
Terekhov, R. Ya., 102, 38In, 383
Thornton, L. C., 337
Tochinskii, A. S., 124—6, 408n
Tolmachev. G. G., 31n, 254, 255, 326,
327, 329, 333
Tomsky, M. P., 53, 190, 247, 317n, 327,
329
Trifonov, I. Ya., 33n
Trilisser, M. A., 340n
Troitskii, N., 198n
Trotsky, L. D., 133, 143, 190, 244-6, 247n,
249, 250, 283n, 298, 299, 323, 439
Tseitlin, G., 2n, 106n, 107n, 126n, 198n
Tsikhon, A., 67, 69, 288n
Tsvetkov, I. F., 81n
Tucker, R. C., 357n
Tukhachevsky, M. N., 114, 169, 325, 352
Tupolev, A. N., 494
Tupper, S., 114n, 476n
Turetskii, Sh. Ya., 345n, 420n
Tverskoi, K. N., 20n
Uborevich, I. P., 114
Ufimtsev, N. I., 254, 333n
Uglanov, N. A., 209, 221, 247, 253
Unpelev, G. A., 123n, 172n, 253n, 41 On
Unshlikht, I. S., 168, 169, 175n
Urquhart, L., 123
Vainshtein, A. L., 49n
Vaintsveig, A., 149n
Vaisberg, R. E., 47, 65
Vaksberg, A., 253n
Vansittart, Sir R., 317n
Vareikis, I. M., 215, 235, 295, 323
Varga, E., 81, 308n
Vasilevsky, K. V., 261 n
Vdovin, A. I., 88n, 444n
Veinberg, G. D., 54n, 374n
Venediktov, A. V., 376n
Verner, V., 227, 228
see also Markov, V.
Viktorov, V. A., 36n
Vii’nit, I., 272n
Vinter, A. V., 148, 149, 41 In, 483
Vitin, L., 122n
Vizhnitser, G., 152n
Vladimirov, R., 56n, 57n
Vol’f, M. M., 337
Volkov, S., 267n
Volkov, V. G., 38
Vorob’ev, A., 199
Voroshilov, K. E., 125, 166, 172, 230,
253, 310, 31 In, 319n, 324, 325n,
327n, 329n, 348, 363, 381, 394n,
402n, 415, 475
Voznesensky, N. A., 37, 61, 81, 125, 263n
Vrachev, V. S., 84n
Vyas, A., 469n
Vyshinsky, A. Ya., 48, 184n, 338, 349-51,
404, 418
Vyvyan, J. M. K., 187n, 241n
Waldron, P., 475n, 520n
Walton, W. G., 368n
Wells, L., 360n,
Werth, N., 189n
Westwood, J. N., 37n, 496n
Wheatcroft, S. G., 31n, 106n, 187n, 202n,
26In, 348n, 380n, 443n
Woodward, E. L., 79n, 121n, 190n, 235n,
241 n, 317n, 332n, 338n, 437n, 439n
Yagoda, G. G., 36, 77, 115, 184n
Yakovlev, A. see Iakovlev, A.
Yakovlev, Ya. A., 36, 97n, 166, 215, 216,
248n, 351
Yakubovich, M. P., 38
Yampolskii, M., 58n
Yanovich, M., 452n
Yantarov, S., 148n, 41 In, 482n, 483n
Yaroslavsky, E. F., 191, 321n
Yergin, D., 359n, 360n
Yoshizawa, 166n
Yugov, A., 143, 290n, 439n
Yurisov, A., 58n
Yurovsky, L. N., 39, 143n
Name Index
595
Zai’kind, L. B., 38
Zaleski, E., 9n, 41 n, 44n, 135n, 138, 139n,
I92n, 193n, 198n, 199-200, 20In,
298n, 299n, 356n, 467n, 468n, 470n,
47In, 553n
Zavenyagin, A. P., 16ln, 321, 363, 364n,
388, 482n
Zelenin, I. E., 244n
Zelenskii, I» A., 97n, 256n, 288n
Zemskov, V. N., 542n
Zhdanov, A. A., 257, 427
Zhigalko, P., 296n
Zhukov, Yu., 172n
Ziman, G., 219n
Zimin, N. N., 258n
Zinoviev, G. E., 245n, 247, 250, 253,
347
Zlatnikov, D., 430n
Zolotarev , A. I., 345n
Zvorykin, A., 484n
SUBJECT INDEX
Absenteeism, see Labour
Abyssinia, King of, 320
Afghanistan, 79
Agriculturalists’ trial, 337, 461
Agriculture, 133, 218, 240, 263, 318, 396,
458, 488, 503
budget allocations to, 547, 551
employment in, 240, 306, 441
foreign trade and exports, 161, 162,
164, 316, 434, 437
investment in, 506, 508
output, 128, 176, 220, 262, 302, 434
see also Collectivisation; Grain;
Machine-Tractor Stations;
Markets; Meat and dairy products;
Raw materials
Aircraft industry, 114, 169-72, 280, 324,
352, 380, 414, 475, 494, 496-8
Central Design Bureau, 84
employment in, 116
investment in, 169, 174—5, 312, 433
output, 167, 310, 513, 520
productivity in, 311
Aluminium, 192, 304, 416, 436, 525
AMO factory (Moscow), 171, 308, 314
see also ZIS
Amur shipbuilding factory, 172
Andreev, A. A., 21n, 42, 101-3, 276n,
367, 381, 402n
Anti-semitism, 188, 40In
Armaments, 113-18, 126, 127, 155,
164-76, 178, 231, 279, 303, 305,
310-13, 319, 324, 325, 379, 412,
432-4, 457, 475-6, 477, 491, 494,
510n, 513n, 517n, 520
Art, sale abroad, 315, 434-5
Artisans, 63, 208-9, 219, 220, 441 n, 465,
469, 470
and cooperatives, 208, 219-23, 234n,
241, 26In, 284, 378, 430, 539n, 547
AUCCTU, see Trade unions
Austria, 79
Automobiles, 34n, 135-6, 151, 171, 173,
173n, 202n, 308n, 311n, 314, 370n,
474, 519-20, 549n
see also AMO factory; Ni2hnii-Novgorod
automobile works
Aviation, see Aircraft industry
Azerbaijan, Azneft’, 266, 406, 477
Baikal-Amur project, 17In, 276, 44In
Baku, 158n, 178, 276, 337, 481, 487
Balance, national-economic, 65, 261-3
Balance of equipment, 8
Balance of payments and foreign
trade, 118-22, 155-6, 204n, 235, 279,
313-16, 337-8n, 359, 365-6, 367-8,
434-7, 458, 471, 495, 497-8, 505n,
507n, 534-7
see also Exports; Imports
Balkhash, 478, 479, 489-90
Ballbearing factory no. 1
(Moscow), 147-8, 405
Banks and credit, 4, 131, 195, 236-7, 376,
378, 392
see also Credit reform; Gosbank,
Industrial Bank
Bashkiria, 239n
Bazaars, see Agriculture; Markets
Belomor canal, 32, 35-6, 37, 441
Belorussia, 62n, 188, 247, 541
Berezniki chemical works, 32, 410, 493n
Birbraer, M. I., 50n, 225-6, 265-8, 342-7,
43 In
Birmingham, research on Soviet economy
by double-dyed Whiteguards, 437
Blast-furnaces, 2, 19, 105n, 106, 125-6,
147, 151-2, 230, 282, 293-4, 296,
304, 323, 362, 363, 365, 413, 483,
494
Blooming mills, 22, 37, 48, 156, 282, 411,
496
Bobriki chemical works, 409, 410
‘Bol’shevik’ works (Leningrad), 310-11,
401
Bread, 161, 182-9, 206, 207, 226, 234-5,
238, 243, 257, 368, 370, 393, 417, 428,
429, 453, 532, 533, 556
see also Grain; Rationing
Bricks, 6, 18n, 106, 518
596
Subject Index
Brigades, 30n, 57, 87, 88, 90-2, 307, 374
communist, 383, 402
khozraschet, 91-2, 307
Budget, state, 22, 51-2, 73, 88, 208, 226,
236, 265, 267, 301, 343, 396n, 459,
466, 507n, 546-51
annual
1931, 3, 4, 111-12
1932, 131-2, 155, 194-5, 231-2, 285,
309-10
1933, 296-7, 317-18, 329-30, 378-9,
412, 423-6
defence expenditure, 116n, 117-18,
164-6, 168-9, 230-1, 297, 312-13,
318, 324n, 325, 424n, 428n, 432-3,
458, 548
and railways, 52-3n
social insurance, 354
Budgets, family, 263n
Building industry, 4, 56, 68, 87, 158, 219,
230, 308, 354, 366, 391, 420, 503, 504
allocation of rations, 178, 181, 185,275,
286, 393
employment in, 27, 34, 75, 97-8, 108,
152-3, 158, 174, 232, 239, 241, 376,
441-2, 444, 539, 542-4
Bukharin, N. I., 47, 140, 143, 144n, 157,
202, 228n, 247, 248n, 317n, 328, 329,
347n, 356, 357, 359, 403, 426n
tweaks Stalin’s tail, 357n
Business Club, 51n, 217, 221, 223, 343,
346n,
Business managers’ conference (June
1931), 67-76
Camps, see Forced labour
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 320
Capital investment, see Investment
Capital stock, 409, 413-14, 473, 475
Capitalism, 15-16, 121n, 123, 141, 146,
215, 253, 256, 318, 320, 329, 482, 485
crisis of, 79, 466
Central Administration of National
Economic Records, see TsUNKhU
Central Asia, 72, 347, 408, 485-8, 490,
541
Central Black-Earth region, 62n, 183,
235, 284n, 295, 380
Central Planning Bureau, see Gosplan
Central Statistical Administration, see
TsSU; TsUNKhU
Central Volga region, 276, 277, 370, 378,
391, 393
see also Volga regions
597
Chelyabinsk, 37, 402, 409, 413, 440
Chelyabinsk tractor factory, 8, 34, 41,
160, 177, 281, 282n, 285, 288n, 315,
401, 410-11, 412n, 474
Chernov, M. A., 185n, 186n, 205, 341 n,
369n
China, 167, 319, 358
Chinese-Eastern Railway, 79, 80, 167n,
332
Civil aviation, conference on, 116
see also Aircraft industry
Clothing
distribution, 28, 60, 62, 206, 208, 233,
481, 512
price, 63, 428n
production, 222, 480, 512
Coal industry, 32, 99-100, 163, 171, 308,
366, 371, 375, 382-8, 396, 403, 419,
462, 485, 489, 522
administration, 384—5, 400-2
costs, 110-11,308-9,421
food supplies, 277, 533n
forced labour, 34n
investment, 41, 509
mechanisation, 384—5, 387-8
party role, 402
wages and norms, 41, 53, 54, 56, 85-7,
385-6
see also Donbass; Mining
Coke, 18, 86, 280, 362-3, 366, 413, 483,
492
Collectivisation, 33, 40, 47, 60, 67n, 121,
146, 220, 222, 247-9, 254-5, 299, 327,
347, 443, 458, 488-9
see also Agriculture; Kolkhoz
Comintern, 78, 331, 356, 453
XIII plenum (November 1933), 360
Commission of Defence, 168,170
Commission of Party Control, 346n
Communist Party,
central committee plenums
July 1928, 202
November 1928, 5
December 1930, 1-3, 6, 11, 59,
61
June 1931, 2In, 25n, 37, 42-3, 66-7,
77, 83n
October 1931, 94-6, 102-3, 208,
428-9
September-October 1932, 251-2,
256-61, 270-1, 274, 294-5, 388,
454
January 1933, 167, 317-29, 333, 342,
423, 466-70
598
Subject Index
Communist Party (coni.)
central control commission
plenum (July 1931), 101
see also Rabkrin
XVI Conference (April 1929), 402n,
485
XVII Conference (January—February
1932), 82, 93, 105n, 106n, 107n,
125n, 128n, 130, 133-41, 145, 149,
150, 157, 166, 195, 197-200, 202,
204, 292, 300, 356, 465, 480-1
XVI Congress (June-July 1930), 9, 41,
60n, 128, 148, 292, 320, 467
XVII Congress (January-February
1934), 346n, 347n, 353-4n, 408,
431,436-7,475-6,481
members, number of, 445—7
Orgburo, 142, 144, 247, 254, 340
see also Industry, party role in; Politburo
Communist Party of Ukraine, 27, 53n,
217, 381, 383n
Construction, see Building industry;
Investment
Construction costs, 2, HI, 284, 308, 422
Consumer goods, 3, 94n, 99, 137-9,
217-27, 243, 251-2, 260-1, 262, 282,
319, 356, 394-6, 416-17, 424, 436,
480-1, 485
administration, 203-4, 205
costs of production, 309
distribution and rationing, 62-3, 206,
208-9, 211, 217-24, 233-4, 258,
268, 271, 287-9,291, 367, 387, 453,
459, 463, 465, 466
exports, 162
imports and, 119, 436
investment, 323, 480-1, 508n, 509
output, 94n, 139, 2l8r-22, 229n, 234,
282-3, 303-4, 394-5, 412, 416-17,
469-70,512-13,519, 521
prices, 23, 63, 194n, 225, 227, 266,
342n, 430, 466, 553-5
productivity, 98
quality, 108, 394-5, 469
stocks, 115n
wages, 98
see also Artisans; Textiles
Consumption, 59n, 95, 104, 137-9,
196-8, 200, 208, 216, 220, 222, 262,
263, 313n, 355-6, 463, 469, 505,
553-5
Control figures, 1, 4, 5, 7-9, 11, 25, 127,
129, 136, 291, 296, 298, 317, 460
see also Plans, annual
Cooperatives, 50, 95, 242, 284, 428, 430,
463, 500, 546, 548, 563-5*
agricultural, 205, 352-3
consumer, 38, 57n, 59, 60, 76, 94, 184,
190, 212n, 218, 223, 235, 259-60,
273n
see also Tsentrosoyuz
housing, 7
industrial/artisan, 95, 208, 218-22,
234n, 241, 261n, 284, 378, 395-6,
430, 441, 539, 547
Copper, 9, 35, 199, 304, 389, 416, 477-9,
525
Council of Municipal Economy, 142
Counter-planning, 128-30, 198, 462
Credit reform, 49, 91
see also Banks and credit; Gosbank;
Industrial Bank
Crimea, 183, 231
Cultural life/culture, 15, 59, 77, 485, 550n
cultural levy, 24n, 546
expenditure on, 194, 297, 547
Currency, 2-4, 23, 24, 74, 112-13, 132,
164, 191, 195, 196, 201, 232, 258,285,
292, 297, 301, 309-10, 320, 325-6,
330, 379, 423, 425-6, 459, 463, 552
foreign, 120, 122, 155, 163, 170n, 314,
365, 435, 492
reform of, proposed, 325-6
Customs duties, 155, 435, 546
Dal’stroi, 163, 172, 274, 275n, 441
Defence, 14-15, 28n, 80-1, lOOn, 112-18,
149, 163-76, 179-80, 181-13, 185-6,
231, 278-9, 290, 297, 310-13, 318,
331-2, 359-60, 389, 404, 415, 433-4,
472, 475-6, 486, 490, 509-10, 513,
520, 526, 547-50, 551
see also Armaments
Depersonalisation, 67n, 72, 88-9, 90, 100,
101
Dimitrov, G., 356, 360n
Dinamo factory (Moscow), 188, 370n
Disarmament, world conference on, 117,
165n, 324n, 356-7
Dneproges, see Dneprostroi
Dneprokombinat, 182, 281, 482-3, 51On
Dnepropetrovsk, 394, 401, 438
Dneprostroi, 34, 47n, 148-9, 183, 281,
314n, 474, 482-3, 491
Donbass, 9, 26, 28, 186, 348, 366, 381-7,
400, 402, 487
disturbances, 188, 289n
Subject Index
food supply, 181, 188, 192n, 274, 288n,
386-7, 405
Izotov movement, 307
party role, 382-4
specialists in, 48, 70
see also Coal industry
Dzerzhinskii iron and steel works, 377—8
Dzerzhinskii, F. E., 37, 388, 496n
Economic administration, 201-6, 354,
390, 400, 402
see also Finance: administration of;
Industry: administration of
Economic theory, 14, 61, 140, 431
Education, 73, 77-6, 83, 84n, 108, 180,
188, 253, 303, 364, 419, 423, 440, 442,
443, 445, 448-50, 460, 506-8, 539,
544
Institute of Methods of School
Work, 78
Ekonomicheskaya zkizn 264, 266, 335—6
Electricity industry, 137, 186, 247, 304,
314n, 337-9, 363-4, 366, 448, 473,
494, 518-19
Electrification, 42-3, 66, 136-7, 148, 186,
199-200, 201, 506-7, 547, 551
Elektrosila factory (Leningrad), 411, 430,
475n, 482
Elektrostal’ factory (near Moscow), 413
Elektrozavod (Moscow), 22n, 56n, 87-8,
335n, 369, 446, 493n, 497n
Elites, 448-56
Employment, 108, 290, 291, 306, 379,
419, 424, 440-3, 451, 487, 539
see also Labour
Enakievo, 422
Engineering, 45, 107-8, 110-11, 144, 186,
219n, 238, 269-70, 282, 303, 305, 308,
323, 345n, 367, 392n, 407, 412, 421,
473-5, 481, 493-7, 509-10, 511,
512-13, 519-24, 543, 545
and electrification, 136-7
plans, 8, 9, 198
see also Machinery
Engineering and technical workers (ITR),
number in industry, 540
Engineers, 21, 22, 36, 37, 43n, 48, 65, 70,
83-5, 107, 108, 114n, 130, 149, 169,
170, 173, 199, 253-4, 280, 338, 349,
364, 365, 382, 385, 388,400,401, 403,
410, 452, 455, 480, 484, 490, 497, 540,
545
foreign, 80n, 337-9, 365-6, 491-3, 497
see also Specialists
599
Exports, 118-120, 155, 156, 161-4, 181,
208, 279, 298, 314-16, 366n, 367, 415,
434-7, 458, 471, 476, 534, 536-7
embargo on, 337, 337—8n
and forced labour, 35
see also Balance of payments and
foreign trade
Ezhov, N. I., 262, 263n
Famine, 73, 186, 191, 244, 249, 306, 332,
338, 339, 362, 370, 380, 387, 407, 417,
434, 438, 442, 454, 457, 467, 488, 505
Far East, 33n, 123, 166, 167, 169, 171-2,
185, 238, 245n, 277n, 349n, 357, 358,
388, 408, 418, 441, 485, 486, 487, 490,
541
Far North, 33n, 181
Fascism, 78, 351
Finance, 2,4,22-4,51-2, 74, 112-13, 194,
283-5, 309-10, 330, 423-7, 471-2
administration of, 426-7
in capitalist countries, 98, 120
and planning, 4r 13, 23, 131, 153, 192,
226, 230-1, 265, 283-4, 292, 325,
376, 378-9, 392, 459, 463
State Financial Supervision, 426
unified financial plan, 4, 131, 263n
see also Banks and credit; Budget, state;
Currency
Financial and Budgetary
Inspectorate, 426—7
Financial Conference, All-Union (July
1932), 23
Five-year plan
first, 3, 9, 14, 21-2, 41, 53, 112, 123,
125, 128, 134, 137, 138, 196, 262,
293, 299,303,317-22,324,326,
337, 343, 366, 413, 440, 443-56,
457-8, 459, 466-99
second, 43-4, 123-4, 133-40, 170, 171,
196-201, 262, 293, 299-300, 317,
322, 323, 324, 326, 347, 356, 432,
457-8
Food industry, 94n, 108n, 139, 203n, 282,
284n, 303, 308n, 362, 373, 376n, 394,
408, 417-20, 467-9, 480-1, 508, 509,
512, 521, 534-5, 547, 551
Food shortages, 176-92, 206, 234-41, 275,
286, 306, 339, 367-70, 390, 393
see also Rationing
Footwear, 36, 63, 115n, 207, 222, 282,
304, 395,428n, 469-70,480, 509, 512,
521
distribution of, 62, 206, 208, 233, 258
600
Subject Index
Forced labour, 29, 31-35, 163, 180n,
348-9, 393, 441-2, 455, 461, 488, 542
Foreign relations, 77-81, 133, 164—7, 278-
9, 328, 331-2, 333n, 356-61, 438, 458
Foreign trade, see Balance of payments and
foreign trade; Exports; Imports
Foremen, 43n, 86, 185, 286, 385, 449n,
450, 451, 455, 461, 493
France, 79, 278, 279, 360, 475, 537
Freight, see Railways
Fuel, 106, 107-8; 281, 298, 303, 477, 509,
512
see also Coal; Oil; Peat
FZU, 207, 419, 445, 449
Genplan I general plan, see Plans
Germany, 120, 136, 158, 278, 315, 331,
357, 358, 360, 361, 475n, 483, 484,
491, 494, 537
Gipromez, 198n, 369
Glavmashprom, 16 In
Glavneft*, 335
Glavtorg, 529n
Glavtransmash, 142n, 245-6n
Glavugol’, 392, 393
Goelro, 44, 136
Gold, 119, 162-3, 172, 181, 235, 315, 366,
434
Gold standard, 79, 120
Gorky (town and region), 415n, 427
automobile factory GAZ, 312, 405, 474
see also Nizhnii Novgorod
Gosbank, 22-3, 38, 49-50, 68, 74, 97n,
131, 164, 195, 224n, 230, 424n, 550n
repressions, 38
see also Banks and credit; Credit reform
Gosplan, 3n, 5—7, 18, 19n, 26, 41-4, 53n,
65-6, 87n, 93, 100, lOln, 107n, 117n,
125, 127-129, 135, 137, 138-9, 152-3,
154, 158, 176, 184, 191-2, 194, 198,
200-1,229,232,234,235,239-41,246,
261-2, 264, 283, 284n, 296, 298, 299-
300n, 300,304,307,322,333,347,377,
378, 379n, 436, 471, 475n, 477, 507
administration, 97n, 201, 339-40, 341,
353n
Central Planning Bureau, 41, 92, 110 .
defence conference (August
1932), 174-5
personnel, 37, 115, 137, 142n, 146, 168,
205, 263n, 264-5, 267-8, 275, 298,
299n, 333, 340, 450, 463
plenum (May 1931), 43-4, 47, 65, 129
publications, 203, 244-6, 264, 340
repression in, 38, 341-2
see also Five-year plan; Plans;
TsUNKhU
Gosplan RSFSR, 42
Gosshveimashina, 161
Grain, 35, 73, 119, 139, 163, 176-7, 202,
210, 242-4, 263n, 274, 285, 362, 367,
534, 556
allocations, 163, 180, 182-3, 185-6,
188, 234-5, 270, 276-7, 369
collections, 25, 161, 176, 182, 205,
208-10, 212-14, 232, 234, 242-4,
250, 251, 270, 272, 326, 334, 340-1,
352, 465
exports, 118-19, 155, 161, 279, 316,
367, 434, 471
stocks, 115, 183, 185n, 358
Grin’ko, G. F., 2n, 50, 52n, 67, 69, 97n,
131, 165, 230, 232, 237, 296, 325, 330
Gross National Product, see National
income
Groznyï Oil Trust, 335, 477
GULAG, see Forced labour
GUMP, 161n, 198n, 269-70
Health, 109, 185, 277, 303, 380, 394, 417,
423, 506-8, 539, 544
Heavy industry, see Industry, Group A
Housing, 7, 34, 48, 53, 72, 75-6, 83, 85n,
109, 277-8, 299, 303, 306, 312, 376n,
386, 387, 406, 416, 448, 455, 456, 464,
470, 478, 479, 506-7, 547, 549
taxes on, 24n, 112n, 546
Imports, 7, 8n, 19n, 107, 118-21, 126n,
155-61, 164, 168, 279, 297, 313-15,
359n, 366n, 367-8, 412, 416, 421,
435-7, 468, 471, 477n, 481, 494-5,
498, 520n, 525, 527, 535-7
see օեօ Balance of payments and foreign
trade
Incentives, 11, 17, 51-2, 53, 67n, 68, 88,
100-1, 109-10, 209, 211, 217, 227,
233, 242, 385, 386, 405, 457, 464, 465
Industrial Bank, 52, 93, 267, 335, 377,
379, 392
see օեօ Banks and credit
Industrial conference (January-February
1931), 11-17
Industrialisation, 5, 15, 20, 53, 60, 73,
112, 121, 146, 148, 149, 155, 184, 240,
248-9, 254, 318, 321, 329, 357, 362,
438, 440, 473, 485, 486, 489
Day of, 438
Subject Index
Industrial Party trial, 11, 13, 38, 39, 461
Industry, 15-16, 70-6, 102, 133—4,
239-40, 248-9, 277-9, 303-5, 356,
411-18, 437-9, 481-5
administration of, 11-13, 74, 144,
203-4, 353-4, 382-5, 400, 461, 463
civilian, and defence, 116-17, 170-1,
312
‘complete production*, 350-1,418
costs of production, 2, 10, 12, 14, 22,
73- 4,92-3,99, 110-11, 152, 154,
283-4, 308-9, 323, 326, 420-2,
459
exports by, 162-3, 315-16, 434, 534
Group A, 1, 99n, 104—5, 119, 304-5,
398-404, 411-12, 468, 472-80
Group B, see Consumer goods
imports for, 119-21, 159-61,314,
435-6, 535
location, 199, 485—90
output, 18, 21-2, 68, 99-100, 105-8,
154, 193, 229-30, 279-82, 303-4,
322-3, 362-7, 398—400, 411-12,
467-8, 512-25
party role in, 12-13, 46, 84, 144, 169i
349, 381, 382-3, 388-9, 400-3,
445-7, 449-50
plans: annual (1931) 1—3, 6, 9, 11, 18,
74- 5, 457-8; (1932) 41-2, 125-7,
133-4, 193—4, 458; (1933) 292,
297-8, 322-3, 329-30
five-year plans, see Five-year plan
quality of output, 108, 394^5, 404—5
repressions in, 38, 46-8, 334—5, 337-9,
373
small-scale, 94n, 106, 469-70
Western technology and, 490-9
see also Investment; Labour; entries for
individual industries and factories
Inflation and counter-inflation, 24, 96,
244, 248, 292, 299, 371, 375, 430, 443,
459, 464, 471, 472
see also Currency; Money
Intelligentsia,
creating a new, 72-3
old rendered powerless, 144
Investment, 1, 41, 100, 104—5, 147-8,
302-3, 375-9, 391-4, 407-11, 459,
467, 473-5, 476-9, 505, 506-11
financing of, 51-2, 73, 153—4, 230,
265-7, 292-3, 376-9, 392, 424-5
plans, 1, 4, 7-8, 41, 52, 127-8, 138,
192-3, 196-8, 200n, 230-2, 292-3,
296-7, 299-300, 318, 322-3, 330
601
start-up/assimilation problem, 147-51,
321-2, 409-11, 422, 478-9,
in United States, 1-2
see also Building industry; entries for
individual industries and projects
Irkutsk, 186
Iron and steel, 2, 19, 43, 90n, 99, 106,
138, 165, 293-5, 318, 321, 323, 388,
481 n, 490
consumption and distribution, 6—7, 12,
107, 135, 153n, 158, 161, 282,
299—300n, 302n, 397, 526-7
costs and prices, 51, 92, 93, 110, 267,
309, 343-6, 421-2, 459
disturbances, 109
employment, 100, 107, 371, 419-20,
543
food supplies, 177—8, 185, 207, 275-6
high-grade steels (quality steel), 6n,
121, 131, 160-1, 170, 198, 200,
230h, 276, 280, 282, 304, 362, 400,
412, 413-14, 518, 526, 527
imports and, 6—7, 107, 119, 158—9,
304n, 314, 357, 366, 412, 435-6,
494, 496
investment, 7, 41, 105, 126, 170, 280,
293, 303, 323, 377-8, 407-8, 413,
473-4, 509
labour productivity, 110
output, 18, 106,193, 230, 280-2, 304,
362, 399-400, 412, 512, 523-4
party and, 46, 388-9, 401-2, 446
plans, 43-4, 123-7, 128, 130-1, 135,
139, 193, 198-9, 200n, 293-5,
298n, 326
repressions, 48, 84
specialists, 48, 107, 388
supplies to, 106, 269, 362-5, 413, 417,
483-4
wages and norms, 55—8, 71, 86, 87, 98,
285, 372, 545
Western assistance, 364—5, 491-2, 494
see also Open-hearth furnaces; Rolling
mills; and entries for individual
factories
Iron ore, 99, 280, 363, 509-10
Italy, 359n, 360, 537
Ivanovo industrial region, 188-91, 337,
446
Izhora works, 22, 411, 496
Japan, 80, 113, 167, 278, 332, 357-60,
438, 458, 475
Japanisation, 20
Subject Index
602
Kaganovich, L. M., 145, 235, 237n, 239n,
243n, 253, 262, 276n, 334, 343, 383,
446, 457
on the economy, 59-60, 215—17, 231,
271, 326
and functionalism, 394
and Moscow, 66-7n, 184n, 382n
posts held, 81ii, 143n, 231, 188n, 311,
340, 381-2, 389, 390
and railways, 389-90
and Stalin, 249n, 351
travels of, 149, 189-90
on world mastery, 10, 457
Kaganovich, M. M., 13n, 157, 368n,
400-1, 403n
Kalinin engineering factory (Moscow), 30
Kalinin, M. I., 146, 214, 215, 217, 278,
448n
Kalmanovich, M. I., 23n, 97n
Kamchatka, 166, 358
Karaganda, 185, 392, 393, 478, 488, 489
Kartashev-Kasaurov method, 307n
Kazakhstan, 33, 185, 478, 485-90, 516,
541
Kazan’, 39, 80n, 175, 389
Khabarovsk, 171n, 172, 430
Kharkov, 113, 1 !6n, 184, 187, 247, 291,
352n, 374-5, 403n, 417n, 429, 430,
497
locomotive works, 310-11
tractor factory, 7, 46, 311, 312, 42In,
474
Khozraschet, 11-14, 17, 49-52, 53, 61,
65-6, 66-7n, 69, 73-4, 76, 88, 91-4,
100-1, 108n, 131, 139-40, 192, 214,
227-8, 307, 345, 423, 426, 463-5
Kiev, 186, 187, 277
Kirov, S. M., 146, 156n, 167, 215, 253,
311 348
Kolkhoz’ 71, 96, 209-16, 240-1, 242, 258,
271, 273, 319, 326, 336, 370, 392-3,
465
see also Collectivisation; Markets
Kolomna, 207
Kolyma goldfields, 163, 441
Komzag, 208, 213, 275, 369n, 508n, 509
establishment and powers, 205-6, 22In,
275-6
resignation of Kuibyshev, 340-1
Kondratiev, N. D. 38, 39, 48, 142, 143n
Kosior, I. V., 382n, 383
Kosior, S. V., 237n, 311
Kramatorsk, 116, 352, 496
Krasnoe Sormovo, 50, 116
Krasnoural’sk copper combine, 147, 148,
149, 416, 477-9
Krasnyi Oktyabr* works
(Stalingrad), 276, 304, 310, 413,
422
Krasnyi Profintern, 371
Kraval’, I. A., 30, 339, 340, 343, 422n
Krivoi Rog iron and steel works, 153,
295n, 296
Krylenko, N. V., 184n, 216
Krzhizhanovsky, G. M., 105, 128, 136,
137, 341,463
KTF, 194n, 218n, 258, 271, 274n, 275,
428, 430-1 n
establishment and powers of, 205-6,
224, 258
Kuban*, 368
Kuibyshev, V. V., 18n, 40, 41 n, 67, 7In,
168n, 169, 177, 185n, 2!0n, 242, 253,
296, 298, 323, 345n, 366n, 367, 397n,
415n, 457
and agricultural collections, 177, 205,
212-14
and defence, 116, 167, 169
and economic reform, 147, 213-14,
242
on the economy, 22, 68, 191, 194—5
and foreign trade, 157
and planning, 6, 40, 43-4, 65-6, 123-4,
129, 130, 133-5, 137-8, 146-7, 174,
200n, 317, 322, 457-8
posts held, 97n, 115, 146, 169, 205, 212,
230-1, 275, 340-1, 347
and rationing, 275-6
and specialists, 36, 47
on socialism, 134, 140
and Stalin, 253, 292, 293n, 340
Kulaks, 58, 213-14, 242, 245, 253, 262,
290, 291, 329, 334, 352, 369, 374
in exile, 32-4, 455, 479, 488, 542
Kuznetsk iron and steel works/
Kuznetskstroi, 34, 147, 185, 192, 219,
282, 314, 363-5, 371n, 388, 441, 474
Labour, 26-31, 108-10, 286-91, 305-8,
419-20, 441-8, 538-45
absenteeism, 28, 30, 109, 239, 287-90,
369, 406
direction of, 28, 34, 35, 83, 393
discipline, 26-28, 109, 191-2, 239-40,
246, 286, 371, 406, 408
planning of, 29-31, 174, 355
recruitment, 27, 29, 71, 75-6, 98, 101,
107-8, 153, 241, 311, 392-3
Subject Index
turnover, 27, 29, 7J, 75, 109—10, 148,
191-2, 239, 240, 278, 307n, 392,
405, 543
see also Forced labour; Nepreryvka
Productivity of labour; Wages and
Earnings; Workers; and entries for
individual industries
Labour books, 30
Labour exchanges, 30, 354
League of Nations, 324n, 356—7, 360-1
Left Opposition, 238, 240, 244-6, 249,
298-9
Lenin, V. I., 16, 37, 55, 59, 136, 137, 190,
245, 255, 318, 349, 389, 406, 437,
493
Leningrad, 22, 23n, 33n, 50, 8In, 88, 90n,
109, 113, 146n, 147, 161, 170, 177,
178, 183, 184, 188, 198,212,218, 235,
236, 243, 244, 249n, 257, 264, 276,
285, 288n, 289n, 291, 310, 311, 312,
328n, 369, 370, 374n, 400n, 401, 411,
429, 430, 435, 475n, 481, 482, 485,
486, 487, 493, 496, 497
‘Lenin* metal works, Leningrad, 55, 493
Light industry, see Consumer goods
Lipetsk iron and steel works, 185, 295-6,
323
Literature, Communist Party and, 143,
253-4, 460
Lithuania, 79n
Litvinov, M. M., 79, 166, 324n, 332n,
337, 357, 359
Livestock, 119, 176, 177, 210n, 212, 214,
232, 234, 262, 327, 394, 407n, 488-9,
534
Loans, foreign, 73, 159, 279
Loans, internal,
from banks, 50, 236, 237
investment loans v. budget grants, 265,
466
net revenue from, 546
to state from population, 3, 112, 131,
194, 424, 548
Locomotives, 19-21, 40, 42, 43n, 102,
311, 363, 367, 368, 397, 398n,
519-20
new designs, 36-7, 300, 418, 496
paired manning, 25-6
Lorries, see Automobiles
Lower Volga region, 187, 237, 377n, 391
see also Volga regions
Lugansk locomotive factory, 43n, 177,
409
Lyubertsy, 36
603
Machine building and metalworking, see
Engineering; Machinery
Machine tools, 45, 90, 149, 305, 433, 435,
473-4, 481, 493-5, 498, 509, 511, 519,
520
MachinexTractor Station(s), 216, 390,
427
political departments, 244, 326, 384
presented to Turkey, 173n
see also Agriculture
Machinery, 292, 356, 37, 387, 417-18
imports of, 119, 156-7, 158-60, 314,
408, 435, 436, 481, 498, 535
problems of using, 27, 45, 72, 100, 386,
403, 411
Magnitogorsk, 440
Magnitogorsk iron and steel works/
Magnitostroi, 22, 27, 29, 34, 51, 58,
107, 109, 147, 150, 151, 152, 158, 160,
177, 192n, 219, 280, 282, 314n, 320,
363-5, 369, 371n, 393, 408, 440, 441,
455, 474, 478, 489, 492
Makeevka (‘Tomsk»*} works, 22n, 92n,
362,411
Malnutrition, see Famine
Managers, 11-13, 16-17, 21, 46, 72, 107,
149, 156, 173, 266, 280, 285, 325, 326,
349, 350, 376, 382-3, 388, 404,
449-51, 545
and food supplies, 177, 179, 288-9,
405-6
and OGPU, 69, 83-4
and plans, 9, 26, 68, 75, 123, 130, 137,
149-50, 151, 223, 269, 346, 365,
478
powers of, 26, 29, 74, 83, 92, 144, 283,
286-8, 373-4, 384, 400-3, 462-3
Manchuria, 80, 114-15, 155, 164, 167n,
171, 278
Mariupol*, 409
Markets, free/kolkhoz, 96, 141, 195-6,
209-14, 216, 218, 221-3, 235-6, 241,
257-8, 260, 266, 268, 270-4, 276-7,
284-5, 310, 342n, 381, 396, 430-2,
452, 459, 465-6, 469, 472, 553-5,
556
see also Trade
Marx-Engels institute, 37
Marxist~Leninists, Union of, 247, 252—3
Meat and dairy products, 59n, 176-7,
181-2, 206, 209-10, 214, 226, 232,
234n, 235, 274, 386, 393, 408, 428n,
429, 453, 454, 455, 480-1, 488, 532-3
exports and imports, 236, 534—5
604
Subject Index
.Mechanisation, 53n, 71, 218, 268, 384—5,
387-8
Menshevik trial (March 1931), 38-9, 46
Mensheviks, 48-9, 58, 143, 249, 256, 259,
289-90
Menzhinsky aircraft factory
(Moscow), 36
Metalworking, see Engineering;
Machinery
Metro-Vickers trial, 337—9, 349-50, 461
Mezhiauk, V. I., 48, 153, 168, 198, 235,
262, 263n, 267, 268, 283n, 292,
296-300, 330, 339, 341n, 359n, 379n,
397n, 490n
Migration, see Peasants: migration to
towns
Mining, 490
exports, 534
imports for, 435
see also Coal industry; Copper; Iron ore;
Non-ferrous metals
Molotov, V. M., 55, 56, 67, 115n, 117n,
124, 151n, 168, 169, 221n, 145-6n,
253, 262, 267, 277n, 286, 296, 349n,
366n 367n, 370, 37In, 379n, 383,
397n, 415n, 520n, 548n
Bullitt on, 360
on economy, 55, 75, 165
and forced labour, 32n, 35, 276n, 348,
542n
and Gosplan, 34In
and khozraschet, 13—14, 17, 61n 69,
140, 464
and international affairs, 78, 80, 81 n,
164, 166, 361
and Ordzhonikidze, 204
and plans, 127n, 133, 134-9, 317,
322-3
and political questions, 145, 250, 327
posts held, 13n, 41, 42, 8In, 96-7, 120,
146, 166, 205, 288n, 382, 390
Money, 74, 100-1, 153, 154n, 172, 230,
236-7, 258, 285, 286, 292, 377, 378,
392, 426
coin and paper shortage, 23n
functions of, 61, 68, 139-40, 463-4
money wages v. real wages, 60, 64,
98-9, 308, 452
see also Currency; Khozraschet; Wages
and earnings: delays in payment
Mongolia, 358, 537
Mortality, 187n
rural, 187n, 407
urban, 187n, 277, 380
Moscow, 11, 22n, 23n, 30, 32, 36, 5In,
56n, 66-7n, 73, 77n, 79, 80n, 81, 84n,
94, 102n, 121, 122n, 133n, 145, 146,
147, 148, 161, 167, 170, 177, 178, 182,
184, 186, 190n, 192n, 21 In, 212, 218,
220, 234n, 235, 238, 240, 241, 242n,
243, 244, 247, 248n, 249n, 250, 251,
254, 255n, 265n, 270, 271n, 272, 274,
279, 280n, 284, 288n, 289n, 291,
306n, 310, 311, 312, 314n, 315, 317,
320, 324n, 327, 331, 333, 334, 335n,
338, 339, 347, 348, 349, 356, 357,
358n, 360, 368, 369, 370n, 380, 382n,
384, 388, 413, 429, 430, 437, 438n,
441, 446, 448n, 453, 454, 475n, 481,
485, 490, 496, 497, 508
Moscow Metro, 77, 314
Motor cars, see Automobiles
Municipal economy, 7, 66-7n, 506, 547
Council of, 142n, 333n
Mytishchi, 170
Nadezhdinsk iron and steel works, 401,414
Narkomfin, 23, 38, 52, 230, 296, 431
collegium, 62
conservatism, 5
Ekonomicheskaya zhizn*
taken over by, 264;
and Za industnalizaisiyuy 335-6
financial balance by, 263
Financial and Budgetary Inspectorate
established, 426-7
guardian of public purse, 427
personnel, social origins of, 450
purge in, 21 n
representation of, 97n
Narkomindel, 78-80, 159, 166n
Narkomlegprom, 110n, 229n, 236n, 261n,
308n, 309n, 408
establishment of, 203—4
Preobrazhensky and, 142n, 333
Narkomlesprom, establishment of, 203
Narkomput*, 20, 25, 57n, 97n, 11 In,
201 n, 274-5n, 276, 300, 367n, 368n,
397n, 398n, 518, 528n
political departments in, 389-90
purges, 2In, 84, 389
top leadership upheaval, 101—2
Narkomsnab, 59, 60, 67, 154n, 18In, 182,
185, 186, 206, 210, 218, 219n, 229,
235, 256n, 272, 273n, 284n, 290,
308n, 309n, 349n, 353n, 373, 387,
401, 408, 429n, 431, 432, 452, 454n,
507n, 510n, 526, 547
Subject Index
budget expenditure on, 549-50, 551
powers of, 94n, 139n, 203n, 205, 222,
289n, 350
Narkomtorg, 38, 59, 97n
Narkomtrud, 27, 28, 30, 45, 55, 90, 174,
202, 219, 287
abolition of, 354-5
limited powers, 29, 7In, 98n
Narkomtyazhprom, 11 On, 146, 153, 154,
159, 160, 170n, 175, 192, 193, 217,
236, 237n, 239n, 261 n, 266, 267n,
268, 269, 270, 275, 283n, 286, 292,
293, 298, 300, 308n, 333n, 341n, 342,
345, 349, 362, 368, 371, 372, 376, 377,
378, 379, 388, 398, 403, 404, 405n,
407, 408n, 412, 413, 415, 416, 419n,
420-1, 433n, 435, 436, 445n, 514-15
collegium role, 353, 479, 382n, 498
consumer goods and, 208-9, 221, 430
establishment of, 203-4
and party interference, 400
and Politburo, 350-1, 382
resists budget cuts, 230-2
senior staff changes, 142, 173n, 333n
Narkomvoenmor, 112-13, 117, 174n, 275,
432-3
and defence budget, 165, 168-9, 297,
312, 313n, 318
mobilisation plans, 116—17
Narkomzem, 71, 97n, 230, 23In, 274—5,
526
administrative costs, 547, 550
forced labour and, 33
and Politburo, 350-1
purge in, 337, 339
Narodnoe khoçyaistvo SSSR, 203, 261, 264,
340
Narym, 35
National income, 104, 128, 196-8, 262,
302, 503-5
‘Neo-NEP’, 214-15, 242, 256, 270, 43Î,
466
NEP, 14, 6In, 63n, 89, 140, 214-15, 228n,
256, 309, 406, 407, 476
Nepmen, exiling of, 33
Nepreryvka, 44-6, 72, 89-90, 387-8
Nizhnii Novgorod, 90n, 185, 188, 220n,
482
renamed Gorky, 280n
see also Gorky
Nizhnii-Novgorod automobile works, 34,
144, 147, 149, 151, 173, 175, 257,
314—15n, 493
see also Gorky automobile works
605
Nizhnii-Tagil iron and steel works, 177,
192
Nizhnii-Tagil railway wagon factory, 192
NKVDs of republics abolished, 31
Non-ferrous metals, 9n, 180n, 199, 267n,
303, 304, 314n, 349n, 366, 402, 416,
436, 477, 486, 509, 525
Norms of output, 53, 54, 56, 85, 239,
334-5, 373, 385-6
North Caucasus, 57, 88, 141, 183, 207,
243-4, 277, 334, 336n, 380, 389, 415n
Novoe Sormovo, 170n
Novo-Tagil iron and steel works, 295n,
296
Odessa, 356, 394n
Oil, oil industry, 90n, 309, 335, 356,
419-20n, 421, 485, 486
exports, 158n, 298, 414, 435
inputs, 266, 299
food supplies, 276, 406
imports for, i58n, 298, 414, 435
investment, 9, 303, 408, 414-15, 476—7,
509-10
output, 21-2, 279, 281, 299, 304, 319,
335, 400, 414, 522, 524n
shortage, 285, 298, 415
Omsk, 171n
One-person management, II, 12—13, 16,
82-3, 144, 353-4, 400-1, 402n, 461
Open-hearth furnaces, 152, 160n, 282,
408, 413, 483-4
Ordzhonikidze, G. K. (Sergo), 23n, 56,
67, 103, 105n, 106n 128n, 139n, 144n,
199n, 317n, 32In, 323, 352, 382n, 438
and defence, 14-15, 167n, 170n, 311,
312n, 324-5
and economic reform, 11-15, 17, 50-1,
69, 147, 224, 226, 268-70, 346
and finance, 68
and foreign technology, 156—7, 159n
and khozraschet; 11-14, 49, 50-1, 93,
326, 463
managers, relations with, 150, 335, 349,
352, 361, 371, 413
and Molotov, 204
and party interference, 402
and plans, 9, U, 14, 68, 124-6, 130,
133-4, 146, 231, 294-5, 323, 335
posts held, 9, 8In, 97n, 120, 125, 204
and railways, 102
and specialists, 13, 37, 48, 69-70,
82-3n, 84, 107, 349
606
Subject Index
Ordzhonikidze, G. K. (cont.)
and Stalin, 17, 46, 72n, 204, 231, 253,
346-7, 350-1
travels of, 45, 149, 362, 364, 381, 438
and wage system, 57, 69, 286
Orenburg, 276, 370
Orgnabor, 27, 71, 306, 393
Osinsky, V. V., 135, 201, 202, 262,
339-341, 343n
Partmaksimum abolished, 456
Passports, internal, 370-In, 419, 461
introduction of, 290-1
labour book as production
passport*, 31
Pavlovo, 219n, 430n
Peasants, 15, 16, 60, 96, 134, 146, 177n,
182, 195, 209-15, 217-18, 233, 241,
242, 256, 257-8, 260-1, 262, 270, 271,
272, 290, 306, 310, 320, 380, 381,
390-1, 407, 465, 469, 490, 518n, 529,
546, 553
migration to towns, 70-1, 75, 109,
240-1, 306, 370, 384, 440, 444, 488,
490
see also Kulaks; Markets
Peat, 18n, 34n, 180, 446, 514
Penza, 276, 370
People’s Commissariat of Agriculture, see
Narkomzem
People’s Commissariat of External and
Internal Trade, see Narkomtorg
People’s Commissariat for Finance, see
Narkomfin
People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs,
see Narkomindel
People’s Commissariat of Heavy Industry,
see Narkomtyazhprom
People’s Commissariat of Labour, see
Narkomtrud
People’s Commissariat of Light Industry,
see Narkom legprom
People’s Commissariat for Military and
Naval Affairs [War], see
Narkomvoenmor
People’s Commissariat for Supply, see
Narkomsnab
People’s Commissariat of Ways of
Communication [Transport], see
Narkomput’
People’s Commissariat of Workers* and
Peasants’ Inspection, see Rabkrin
Petroleum, see Oil
Petrovsky iron and steel works
(Dnepropetrovsk), 55, 388, 401
Pig-iron, see Iron and steel
Planning, 41, 68, 136, 173, 205, 222-3,
223, 225-0, 261-2, 292, 300-1, 330,
341-2, 343, 354, 417-18, 458, 462,
464-6, 472
indicators, 395
personnel, 170, 340
physical V. financial, 65—6, 92
secrecy, 5-6, 460
see also Counter-planning; Five-year
plans; Plans
Plans
annual
1931, 1-10, 15, 17, 25, 40-1, 53, 60,
62, 67, 68, 7In, 74-5, 82, 97, 104,
110, 112, 113, 117, 119, 121, 122,
126, 127, 134, 460
1932, 41-2, 123-32, 133, 139, 155-6,
169, 174, 176, 192, 193,217,292,
306, 458, 460
1933, 267, 292, 296-8, 300, 312n,
317-18, 322-3, 326, 415n, 458,
460
general plan, 44, 196, 199
quarterly, 4, 23, 49, 68, 173-4, 178n,
180n, 181, 183, 192-3, 230-2, 283,
293, 330, 377, 378-9
see also Control figures; Five-year plan;
Planning
Podol’sk, 352n
Poland, 79n, 167, 278, 360, 537
Politburo, 5, lln, 23—5, 27, 28, 31, 32n,
35, 38, 40, 42-3, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51-2,
54n, 57, 63, 66n, 67-70, 77-8, 80-1,
82—4, 93-1, 97n, 101, 112, 113-14,
115, 117, 120-1, 125-7, 129, 131-2,
142-3, 144, 145n, 146-7, 155-6,
161n, 162, 164, 167n, 168, 169-73,
174n, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185n, 190,
191, 192-3, I94n, 195, 195, 201n,
205n, 206, 210n, 212, 217, 218n,
22in, 224, 230-2, 233, 237, 242,
243n, 244, 251, 253, 262, 276, 279,
285, 286, 292, 297, 298, 300, 301, 311,
313-14, 315n, 316n, 317-18, 324n,
326, 329, 332, 336, 337n, 339-41,
345-6, 347, 348, 350-1, 352, 353-5,
358, 361, 369, 371n, 372, 373-4, 379,
380, 381-4, 385, 387, 388-90, 391,
394, 402, 415, 428n, 429n, 433n,
44In, 448n, 454, 458, 460, 462, 463,
476, 492, 497
Subject Index
commissions on
consumption (‘Stalin’s
commission*), 208-9
Donbass, 381—2
enterprise rights, 224
Far East, 166
food for industry, 288
food trials, 184
international affairs, 80—1, 204n
investment, 230-1
iron and steel, 125
legal questions, 217
NAZ, 257
railways, 389
repressions, 247n, 248n
special settlers, 33-4
transport, 390
TsUNKhU, 340n
wage delays, 237n
wage questions, 57, 69, 85n
conferences
iron and steel (August 1931), 124
trade (July 1931), 76
members
privileges of, 454
tensions among, 145-7, 204, 339-40,
345-6, 350-1
Population, 135, 138, 177, 182, 357n, 367,
370, 419, 440, 442, 451, 461, 487, 538,
548, 555
in camps, etc., 31, 32, 33n, 34, 35,
441-2, 461, 542
output, etc., per head, 135, 138, 469n,
470, 485
rural 291 442
urban, 109, 177, 289-91, 370, 419, 442,
470, 538
see also Mortality; Peasants: migration to
towns
Postyshev, P. P., 34n, 38n, 57,67, 69, 70n,
85n, 142, 143n, 185n, 190, 224n, 251,
255n, 276n, 277n, 329n, 403, 417n,
446n
Power stations, see Electricity industry
Pravday 16n, 21, 22n, 32, 36, 40n, 57, 60,
66n, 81, 97, 125, 142, 143, 148, 165n,
207, 214, 215, 242, 249n, 252, 291,
307n, 317, 321, 347, 365, 388, 435,
446, 479
Yaroslavsky expelled from editorial
board, 191
and industrializatsiyu, 344—6
Preobrazhensky, E. A., 81, 142, 196-7,
198n, 228n, 254, 333, 347
607
Price Committee, 94n, 96-7, 194, 205
Prices, 76, 95, 97, 141, 194-5, 211-15,
221, 225-6, 227-8, 257—8, 306, 313n,
342, 423, 428-32, 459, 465-6, 469,
553-6
of consumer goods, 23, 58—9, 62—3, 94,
96, 111-12, 131-2, 194, 196,207-8,
218n, 225, 233, 236, 248, 257, 266,
268, 271, 309, 396, 423-4, 428-30,
553-5
foreign-trade, 118-19, 155-6, 158n,
162n, 279, 316, 407n, 421n, 434,
471, 534-7
free-market, 57, 94—6, 141, 195-6, 209,
211-12, 215, 220, 235-6, 257-8,
260, 266, 268, 271-4, 285, 381,
430-2, 459, 465, 556
measurement in fixed, 104n, 118, 138n,
156, 196n, 234n, 259, 302, 305n,
310n, 312, 376-7, 407, 422n, 467,
503-5, 512-17
of posts and transport, 23—4
State Price Inspectorate, 97
transfer/wholesale, 93, 194-5, 221, 226,
260, 265, 267-8, 272, 296, 343-6,
407n, 420-1, 430, 466
Private sector, 1, 97, 529, 546
see also Artisans; Markets; Speculation;
Trade, private
Procuracy, 48, 83, 243
of USSR established, 348, 349, 352
Production communes, 87-8
Productivity of labour, 2, 110, 152—3,
238-40, 307-8, 311, 374-5, 406, 420,
467
Profintern, 453
Profits, 14, 93, 96, 194
as investment source, 3, 471
taxes on and deductions from, 51-2,
111, 546
and unified financial plan, 4
Prokop’evsk, 185
Promkolkhozy, 220
Purges,
of party, 244, 329, 333-6, 401, 447, 461
of state agencies, 2In
see also Red Army; entries for individual
sectors of economy
Putilov works (Leningrad), 50, 289, 404,
493
defence role, 170, 312
Pyatakov, Yu. L., 93, 152, 224n, 230,
231, 251, 261n, 382n, 402, 406, 478n,
492n
Subject Index
608
Rabkrin/central control commission, 190,
2П, 22In, 224n, 26In, 263n, 335,
352n, 402n, 426, 431
and OGPU, 77, 101-2, 340n
personnel, 450-1
and plans, 124-5, 146
and price control, 97
and purges, 2In, 262-3, 340n, 401
and railways, 42-3, 101—3
and trade, 94, 256-7, 259
and Vesenkha, 9, 13, 89
Railways, 21, 24, 25-6, 27, 28, 32, 40-1,
42-3, 57n, 66, 72, 80n, 98, 101-3,
107n, 239, 308, 309n, 389-90, 396-8,
403, 419, 436, 454, 478, 488, 496, 509,
518, 519, 528, 539, 544, 547, 549
administration of, 20-1, 25-6, 66,
101-2, 389-90, 400, 462
crisis, 18-22, 26, 42, 366-7
and defence, 98n, 117, 171n, 475-6
electrification and diésélisation of, 42,
66, 201, 300, 418
investment in, 25, 42—3, 66, 102, 390,
396-7, 496,
repressions, 21, 26-7, 39-40, 389, 461
and state budget, 52-3n
see also Baikal-Amur project
RAPP, 143, 144, 460
Rationing, 60-4, 94, 95, 139, 177-89, 206,
225, 227, 234, 239, 241, 268, 286,
288-306, 368-71, 380-1, 386-7, 406,
452-3, 463-5, 530-3
abolition of, 63, 64, 139, 181, 225, 227,
428
Raw materials, 127, 219, 221, 239, 282,
394, 408, 416, 468, 469, 471, 481, 483
exports, 315-16, 534
import cuts, 119, 279-80, 436, 535
and location policy, 486
Red Army, 112, 118, 145, 166, 244-5n,
278, 324-5, 41 In
food supplies to, 181-2, 183, 243
personnel changes, 114, 166
purge in, 334
Trotsky on, 439n
see also Armaments; Defence
Research (and Development), 499
agricultural, 507n
at Birmingham on Soviet economy, 437
Conference, First All-Union on
Planning Research (April 1931), 47
cuts in, 419
geological, 180, 479
Gosplan research institute, 200
on labour problems, 355
military, 169-70, 497
under OGPU, 36-7
privileges of officials, 453
on statistics, 342
Reserves, Committee of, 115, 436
River and sea transport, 4In, 54n, 57,
549, 551
Rolling mills, 152, 159, 408
Romania, 167
Roosevelt, F. D., 357, 359, 360n
Rostov on Don, 144, 170
Rostsel’mash, 144, 186, 493n
Rudzutak, Va. E., 97n, 121, 125, 189n,
190-1, 208n, 237n, 255n, 323, 326,
336n
as chair of Rabkrin/CCC, lOln, 190,
255n, 326
Rukhimovich, M. L., 2In, 25, 42, 66n,
101, 102
RVS, 112
Rykov iron and steel works, Enakievo, 55,
422
Rykov, A. I., 31n, 247, 328, 329, 347,
Ryutin platform, 247-9
Ryutin, M. N., 247-55, 320, 329, 347
Sabotage, see Wrecking
Sakhalin, 332
Samara, 186, 276
Saratov, 368
combine-harvester factory, 13, 147,
151, 245n, 474
Science, see Research
Semipalatinsk, 481, 488
*Serp i Moloť iron and steel works, 161,
188n, 207, 422
Shakhty trial, 338
Sheboldaev, B. P., 57, 88n, 141, 242, 415n
Shipbuilding, 8n, 41n, 113n, 117n, 166,
172, !74n, 175n, 310n, 433n
submarine programme, 169
Shock workers, 30n, 238, 307, 373, 386-7,
427, 438
All-Union Day of, 306
law-enforcement by, 28, 404—5
privileges of, 60, 62, 225, 355, 406,
452n, 455
see also Brigades; Socialist emulation
Shvernik, N. M., 88n, 97n, 98, 130, 145,
288n, 354n, 355
Siberia, 33n, 41, 72, 171, 172, 174, 185,
238, 145n, 277n, 349n, 357, 358, 388,
408, 418, 441, 485, 486, 487, 490, 541
Subject Index
609
Siblag, 441
Silver, 164, 536n
‘Six conditions*, 70-6, 225
Skrypnik, N. A., 257, 333
Smilga, I. T., 128, 142, 200, 201, 264,
332, 333, 347
Smirnov, A. P,, 142, 254, 255, 326—9,
333n
Smirnov, I. N., 13, 14, 133n, 142n, 230n,
245, 246, 254, 264, 332, 333n
Smolensk, 183
Social insurance, 354-5
Socialism, 12In, 228n
betrayal of, 189
Bukharin on, 228n, 356
characteristics of, 72, 140, 141, 197,
463-5, 485
future triumph of, 10, 146
and khozraschet, 14, 61
Kuibyshev on, 134, 138
Molotov on, 14, 134, 140
and 1931 plan, 1, 40
Preobrazhensky on, 197, 228n
and second live-year plan, 43, 234, 138
Stalin on, 72, 254n, 320-1
Socialist emulation, 30n, 88, 91-2, 238,
306, 307, 427
see also Brigades; Shock workers
Socialist realism, 254n, 460
Sormovo, 371 n
Soviets,
VI Congress (March 1931), 32n, 35,
55, 60
local, 243, 288, 343n, 353, 427, 450n,
547, 549
and forced labour, 33
and rationing, 288
Palace of, 81 n
j֊« aho TsIK; VTsIK of RSFSR
Sovnarkom RSFSR, 28, 288n
Sovnarkom, 4, 13, 41, 42, 49, 69, 96-7,
115, 121, 123-4, 169, 205, 243, 283,
292, 296, 332, 341, 450n, 451, 453,
476
commission on fulfilment, 341, 366-7,
426
decisions, 4, 7, 13, 23-6, 28, 3in, 33, 35,
40, 43n, 49, 50, 52, 57, 61, 63, 69,
90, 91, 96-7, 98n, 100, 101, 115,
126, 127n, 130, 331, 162, 163, 165,
183n, 192n, 193n, 202, 205-7,
208n, 210n, 212, 217, 218, 221-3,
233, 234n, 237, 242, 260n, 275,
277n, 28In, 286, 287, 288, 290,
315n, 317, 322n, 340n, 348, 349n,
354, 370, 37in, 376, 382, 385, 389,
395, 404, 419n, 426, 428n, 430,
435, 450, 479, 482, 507, 550n
dining-room, role of, 328
Soyuzneft*, 9n
Soyuzsredmash, 9n
Soyuzstroi, 87, 232
Specialists, 125, 169, 276, 349, 350,
448-56, 496
bourgeois/old
campaign against, 9, 17, 21, 32,
36-7, 38-9, 107, 337, 461
milder treatment of, 13, 46-9, 69—70,
73, 76, 77, 82-5, 100, 144, 352
foreign, 157-8, 180-1, 314, 456, 491-3
Soviet/new, 48, 72—3, 496
see also Engineers
Speculation, 60, 64n, 97, 184, 211, 213,
214, 242, 243, 256, 260, 271, 461
Spetstal·, 413
Stai’, 48, 84n, 130, 195
Staiino (Yuzovka/Donetsk), 63n, 362,
363, 386
Stai* most, 158
Stal’sbyt, 198n
Stalin, I. V., 10, 27, 38, 41, 44, 47n, 58n,
82, 84n, 88-90, 98, 100, 138, 169,
I85n, 202n, 210n, 218, 225, 245n,
265n, 288, 295n, 296, 306, 343n, 349,
370, 379n, 437, 447, 456-7, 458, 460,
462, 464, 467
and administration, 74, 204, 353
and Allilueva’s death, 255—6
and coal industry, 382—3, 388
and Comintern, 78—9
congratulations by, 21-2, 151-2
and consumer goods, 356, 480, 48In
and five-year plan, 318-19
and forced labour, 32, 35, 348, 542n
and foreign policy, 8In, 166, 357, 361 n
and foreign trade, 120, 121, 156n, 314,
314-15n
on industry, lln, 15-17, 321
at January 1933 plenum, 317-22, 326-7
on khozraschet, 73-4
and kolkhozy, 71, 213, 242-3, 348,
356
onNKVDs, 31n
and Ordzhonikidze, 17, 204, 231, 347
on plans and planning, 75, 124, 136,
198, 322
political image , 145-6, 190, 247-9,
251, 254, 328
Subject Index
610
Stalin, I. V. (cant,)
and Proletarskaya revolyutsiya, 81
on railways, 25, 42
and XVII party conference, 133,
135-6, 292
on ‘six conditions*, 67, 70-6
on specialists, 46, 48, 72-3, 142n, 144
and trade, 60n, 76, 208, 257, 432
and TsUNKhU, 261-2, 340
on vodka, 3n
and wages, 53, 69, 71-2, 37In
and writers, 253-4
Stalingrad, 440
Stalingrad tractor factory, 45-6, 46—7,
11 In, 149, 151, 173n, 377, 410, 479
defence production at, 116, 170, I71n,
175
food supplies, 186
S talino iron and steel works, 362, 363
Stalinugoľ, 384-5
State Bank, see Gosbank
Statistics
disputes on, 262-3, 339-40, 342-3
reliability and unreliability of, 94n,
104n, 110, 287-8, 304, 305, 307,
391, 417, 420, 470
secrecy of, 35, 315, 319, 460
see also Defence; TsUNKhU; notes to
Tables
Steel, see Iron and steel
STO, 7, 29n, 32, 41n, 52, 84, 91n, 114,
121, 169, 170n, 182, 212, 260n, 275,
276n, 277n, 283, 296, 376, 415, 489,
492, 507n, 547
Daľstroi subordinate to, 172
new Committees of, 96-7, 115, 186n,
205-6
Strikes, 188-9, 191, 368, 374-5, 461
Strumilin, S. G., 81, 202, 341, 342
Svetlana factory (Leningrad), 157
Tanks, 1 !3n, 114, 115, I67n, 168, 311,
324, 433, 475, 494, 513, 520
civilian factories and, 170, 175, 311
donated to Turkey, 173
Spetstrest established, 310-11
Tax,
on profits, 52
turnover, 3, 23, 24n, 111-12, 131, 195,
226, 240, 307, 309, 424, 505n, 546
Taxation, 23, 194-5, 546-50
Technical intelligentsia, see Engineers;
Intelligentsia; Specialists
Technicians, see Engineering and technical
workers; Engineers; Specialists
Technology,
assimilating and overtaking
Western, 135, 324, 474, 481
490-9
fascist hostility to, 357
and labour force, 449n
military, 433-4, 475-6
need to assimilate, 321-2
need to master, 16, 17, 403
unevenness of, 483
and wage system, 57
wrecking in, 38
Textile industry/textiles, 44-5, 63, 199n,
218, 222, 234n, 282, 319, 384, 394-5,
408, 417, 435, 480n, 488, 490, 509,
512, 521, 535, 543, 545
strikes in, 188-91
see also Clothing
Timber,
exports, 162, 316, 358, 434, 534
output and supply, 153, 302n, 367,
391n, 397, 503, 512-13, 518
quality, 20
Timber industry, 181 n, 224n, 366-7,
376n, 514-15
budget and, 547-50, 551
food and consumer goods for, 62, 177,
180
forced labour, 32-5, 441 n
investment, 509-10
labour, 29, 306n, 366-7
organisation, 203
TKP, 39, 48, 49n
Tomsky, M. P., 53, 190, 247, 317n, 327,
329
Tractors, 8, 108, 159n, 252, 305, 310, 314,
367, 399, 410, 418, 472, 519, 524
caterpillar, conversion to, 171
cost of production, 11 In, 284n
fuel consumption of, 298, 415
import cuts, 158, 314
investment, 113, 509
see also Putilov works; and entries far
Chelyabinsk, Kharkov and
Stalingrad
Trade, 58-64, 76, 94-7, 131-2, 139-41,
146n, 176-7, 184, 186, 188, 194-6,
203-16, 218, 221-7, 235-6, 241,
256-61, 264, 266-7, 270-4, 306, 309,
342, 376, 424n, 426, 428-32, 453, 457,
459, 463-6, 472, 503, 506-7, 526, 529,
539, 544, 547, 551, 553-5, 556
Subject Index
‘commerciar, 63, 96-7, 111, 218n, 225,
256, 272, 309, 424, 428-30, 529
private, 61, 176-7, 203, 211; 216,
235-6, 256-7, 441 n, 463, 553
‘Soviet’, 61, 76, 94-7, 119, 139, 140,
146n, 215, 216, 226, 256, 260, 265,
279, 465
see also Balance of payments and foreign
trade; Cooperatives; Markets
Trade unions
All-Union Central Council of
(AUCCTU), 30, 54n, 60, 85, 88n։
97n, 98, 354, 355, 373, 374, 385n
IX Trade Union Congress (April
1932), 145, 152, 190, 200n
Trans-Siberian railway, 171, 44In
Transport, 503, 504,509,519,526, 547,549
see also Railways; River and sea
transport
Trotsky, L. D., 133, 143, 190, 230,
244-47, 249, 250, 264, 283n, 298, 299,
323, 439
Tsentrosoyuz, 60, 61, 94, 97n, 223, 256n,
259, 266n, 272, 526
TsIK, 201, 448n, 451, 453
decrees, 26, 28-9, 30, 31n, 84, 85n, 98n,
143, 176, 21 On, 217n, 221, 242,
243n, 287, 290, 348n, 349n, 354,
370, 404, 419n, 453
sessions
January 1931, 1, 4
December 1931, 127, 130, 131,
164-6, 176
January 1933, 329-30, 423
December 1933, 357, 361
TsIK of Ukraine, 247n
Tsikhon, A., 67, 69, 288n
TsSU, 202
TsUNKhU, I09n, 179, 206, 209, 229,
240, 241, 259n, 274n, 422, 494-5n,
503n, 553
criticism and purge of, 262-3, 339-43
establishment of, 201—3
journals, 203, 261, 264, 340
see also Balance, national-economic
Tsvetmetzoloto, 34n, 163n
Tukhachevsky, M. N., 114, 169, 325, 352
Tula, 295n, 409
Turkey, 79n, 173
Uglanov, N. A., 209, 221, 247, 253
Ukraine, 22, 54, 102, 107, 109, 142, 161,
178, 18In, 182, 187, 244, 247, 327,
333, 348n, 362, 363, 380, 381, 383,
611
387-9, 401, 415, 429, 440, 485, 486,
487, 488, 516, 541
Ulianovsk, 276, 370
U nempioyment,
abolition of, 15, 59, 70, 354, 443
encourages absenteeism, 287
return of, 249, 406
temporary, 355
United Kingdom, 15, 79, 98, 136, 159,
279, 494, 537
see also Metro-Vickers trial
United States, 1,10, 20, 43n, 56, 114, 165,
282, 314, 315, 357, 359, 399, 418, 475,
480-1, 483-4, 491, 494, 496, 537
Unshlikht, I. S., 168, 169, 175n
Ural-Kuznetsk combine, 147, 364, 474,
483
see also Kuznetsk iron and steel works;
Magnitogorsk iron and steel works
Uralmashzavod (Sverdlovsk), 116,349,
375, 409, 410-11
Urals, 33n, 35, 58, 72, 135, 160-1, 186,
188, 285, 289n, 349n, 363, 368, 413,
414, 478, 479, 485-7, 541
Uravnilovka, 53-4, 57, 67, 69, 71-2, 85,
88, 98, 214, 225, 456, 464
VATO, 8, 117n, 160 n
Vegetable oil, 206, 235, 428n, 521, 532-3
Vesenkha, 2, 4n, 5, 11-13, 18, 21, 41, 42,
45, 50n, 5In, 53, 56n, 72, 85-6, 89,
90n, 91, 92, 93, 94n, 98, 99, llOn,
11 In, 113n, 124, 128n, 129, 139, 220,
225, 265, 385n, 482, 486n, 515n, 526,
549n, 550n
break-up of (January 1932), 203-4
corporations, 74, 76, 89
functions and powers, 8, 46, 67, 97n,
100-1, 116, 120-1, I60n, 168-9,
219
and OGPU, 36
presidium, 353n
publications, 460
purges in, 38
and Rabkrin, 9, 13
senior staff changes, 30, 47, 114, 137n,
142n, 168
Vladivostok, 39, 332, 357, 430
Vodka, 3, 112, 131, 297, 309, 362, 417,
428,521
retail price of, 63, 131, 194n, 428
Volga regions, 244, 380
see also Central Volga region; Lower
Volga region
612
Subject Index
Volkhov aluminium works, 147
Voronezh, 368
Voroshilov, K. E., 125, 166, 172, 230,
253, 310, 31 In, 319n, 324, 325n,
327n, 329n, 348, 363, 381, 394n,
402n, 415, 475
Vostokostal1, 34, 58, 106n, 107, 109,
160-1, 285, 363, 375n, 378, 413-14,
421, 422n
VOTI, 266
Voznesensky, N., 37, 61, 81, 125, 263n
Vsekopromsovet, 219n, 234n, 396n
VTsIK RSFSR, 28, 453
Vyshinsky, A. Ya., 48, 184n, 338, 349-51,
404, 418
Wage books, 30
Wages and earnings, 2, 12, 27-8, 41,
53-8, 60, 64, 69, 71-2, 76, 82, 85-8,
98-9, 111, 153, 188, 191, 208, 219,
225, 227, 236-7, 239, 248, 258, 268,
285, 286, 308, 355, 371-2, 374-5, 381,
385-6, 387, 390, 392, 421, 424, 451-2,
456, 461, 464, 469, 544, 545
deductions from, 28-9, 50n
delays in payment, 24, 50n, 195, 231,
236-7, 240, 285, 372
differentiation of, 53-5, 82, 85-8, 447,
456, 545
egalitarianism, see Uravnilovka
piece work, 55-8, 69, 87-8, 375, 385-6,
389
time work, 55, 56, 87, 375
War Communism, 13, 14
Water transport, see River and sea
transport
Welfare Fund, 52
White Sea canal, see Belomor canal
Women, 189, 427, 451
employment of, 442-4
and forced labour, 32, 35
strikes by, 188
workers, 109, 191, 290, 404
Workers, 60, 62, 129, 134, 238, 243,
441-8, 530-3, 540-1, 545
activity and attitudes, 129, 146, 148,
238, 246, 280, 299, 382, 427, 438,
462-3
conditions, 109, 146, 263, 299, 306,
499
differences within, 88, 109, 328
disturbances, 109, 185-6, 187-91, 289,
368, 383-4, 401, 461, 488
food supplies, 178-9, 181-5, 187-91,
234-6, 240-1, 257, 274-8, 286,
288-9, 346, 368-71, 386-7, 393,
396, 405-6, 455, 530-3
foreign, 158n, 163, 365, 493
number and recruitment, 97-8,115-16,
152-3, 239, 302, 305-6, 308, 311,
370-1, 375-6, 391-2, 396, 419,472,
487-8, 540-1
white-collar, 108, 248, 275, 286, 289,
369, 419, 421, 422, 442, 445, 446,
449, 452, 531-4
see also Forced labour; Labour;
Orgnabor; Productivity of labour;
Shock workers; Wages and
earnings
Working class, 15, 39, 47, 72, 130, 138,
146, 189, 191, 238, 246, 249, 252, 256,
318, 328, 356, 445, 488
Wrecking and sabotage, 16, 36, 37-40,
46-9, 70, 73, 85n, 243, 263, 269, 320,
335, 337-9, 349, 351-2, 383
Yagoda, G. G., 36, 77, 115, 184n
Yakovlev, Ya. A., 36, 97n, 166, 215, 216,
248n, 351
Yaroslavl’, 40, 272n
Yugostaf, 402n
Za industrializatsryuy 268, 344-6
Zaporozhye steel works, 281, 409, 411,
440, 450, 482
Zestafoni, 409
ZIM automobile factory, see Gorky
automobile factory; Nizhnii
Novgorod automobile factory
Zinoviev, G. E., 245n, 247, 250, 253,
347
ZIS motor works (Moscow), 405
Zlatoust power station, 338
ZRK, 257, 288
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Davies, R. W. 1925- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)119383888 |
| author_facet | Davies, R. W. 1925- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Davies, R. W. 1925- |
| author_variant | r w d rw rwd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV010954236 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)186931052 (DE-599)BVBBV010954236 |
| dewey-full | 947.0842 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
| dewey-raw | 947.0842 |
| dewey-search | 947.0842 |
| dewey-sort | 3947.0842 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Soviet Union - Economic conditions - 1917-1945 Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1928-1932 Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1933-1937 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Sowjetunion |
| geographic_facet | Soviet Union - Economic conditions - 1917-1945 Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1928-1932 Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1933-1937 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV010954236 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:01:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0333311051 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007326614 |
| oclc_num | 186931052 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-824 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-824 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | XVIII, 612 S. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Davies, R. W. 1925- Verfasser (DE-588)119383888 aut The industrialisation of Soviet Russia 4 Crisis and progress in the Soviet economy 1931 - 1933 R. W. Davies 1. publ. London Macmillan 1996 XVIII, 612 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Economics - History BNB Wirtschaft Soviet Union - Economic conditions - 1917-1945 Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1928-1932 Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1933-1937 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Sowjetunion (DE-604)BV003881506 4 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007326614&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007326614&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007326614&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007326614&sequence=000004&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister |
| spellingShingle | Davies, R. W. 1925- The industrialisation of Soviet Russia Economics - History BNB Wirtschaft |
| title | The industrialisation of Soviet Russia |
| title_auth | The industrialisation of Soviet Russia |
| title_exact_search | The industrialisation of Soviet Russia |
| title_full | The industrialisation of Soviet Russia 4 Crisis and progress in the Soviet economy 1931 - 1933 R. W. Davies |
| title_fullStr | The industrialisation of Soviet Russia 4 Crisis and progress in the Soviet economy 1931 - 1933 R. W. Davies |
| title_full_unstemmed | The industrialisation of Soviet Russia 4 Crisis and progress in the Soviet economy 1931 - 1933 R. W. Davies |
| title_short | The industrialisation of Soviet Russia |
| title_sort | the industrialisation of soviet russia crisis and progress in the soviet economy 1931 1933 |
| topic | Economics - History BNB Wirtschaft |
| topic_facet | Economics - History Wirtschaft Soviet Union - Economic conditions - 1917-1945 Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1928-1932 Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1933-1937 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007326614&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007326614&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007326614&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007326614&sequence=000004&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV003881506 |
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