Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Cardiology clinics
14,3 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VII S., S. 327 - 470 Ill., graph. Darst. |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
CONTENTS
Foreword ix
Michael H. Crawford
Preface xi
John S. Child
Risks for and Prevention of Infective Endocarditis 327
John S. Child
Infective endocarditis, nearly uniformly fatal without treatment, became
amenable to therapy after advances in bacteriologic methods and produc¬
tion of antimicrobial agents. Advances in medical and surgical manage¬
ment of acquired and congenital cardiac malformations have been one of
the milestones of the 20th century, but changes in the profile of endocardi¬
tis have occurred as well. Prosthetic valves in particular are a focus for
infection. Indwelling catheters, hemodialysis shunts, and residual postop¬
erative congenital heart defects predispose to this disease. Intravenous
drug abuse poses an independent risk. Prevention is preferable to treat¬
ment. Knowledge of the types of cardiac lesions at risk, sources of bacter
emia, their relationship to given diagnostic and therapeutic procedures,
and the antibiotic regimen most likely to interfere with endocardial or
endarterial infection is an essential component of prevention. Nonchemo
prophylacic methods of prevention (e.g., preventive dental care) are also
important. Patient and physician education are essential.
Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Infective Endocarditis 345
Arnold S. Bayer
New clinical criteria have been developed for the diagnosis of infective
endocarditis that have incorporated precise echocardiographic parameters
into the schema. Direct comparisons with the older criteria have now
confirmed that the newer criteria are substantially more sensitive than the
older criteria in suspected cases of infective endocarditis, while retaining
a high specificity and negative predictive value.
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS VOLUME 14 • NUMBER 3 • AUGUST 1996 V
Clinical Approach to Infective Endocarditis 351
Michael Saccente and C. Glenn Cobbs
Mitral valve prolapse and degenerative valvular disease have replaced
rheumatic heart disease as the most common predisposing conditions in
patients with infective endocarditis. Viridans streptococci remain the most
common etiologic microorganisms. The clinical manifestations of infective
endocarditis may be quite diverse. Detection of endocardial abnormalities,
by documenting either a new heart murmur or a valvular vegetation by
echocardiography, and isolation of a microorganism from blood are the
most important clinical parameters used in the diagnosis of infective
endocarditis. Infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users has a distinc¬
tive microbiology, and right sided involvement with septic pulmonary
emboli is the most common clinical scenario in this group.
Role of Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography in Diagnosis and
Management of Infective Endocarditis 363
Janine Krivokapich and John S. Child
Echocardiography has become a mainstay in the diagnosis of endocarditis.
Vegetations were first visualized noninvasively beginning with M mode
echocardiography in the mid 1970s. The evolution of echocardiography,
to include first two dimensional imaging and then Doppler imaging in the
1980s, established echocardiography as the noninvasive test of choice to
evaluate for the presence of vegetations as well as for their sequelae. Most
recently, the addition of transesophageal echocardiography has expanded
the role and yield of echocardiography in diagnosing endocarditis as well
as in guiding management.
Infective Endocarditis in Congenital Heart Disease 383
Hidemi Dodo and John S. Child
The average life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease has
dramatically improved over the past four decades because of advances in
medical and surgical therapy, with patients with complex lesions surviv¬
ing to adolescence and adulthood. Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the
great arteries, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus, and bicuspid aortic
valves in particular are susceptible to infective endocarditis. Most operated
patients are left with some form of residua or sequelae, many of which
predispose to infective endocarditis. Surgical palliation, such as systemic
to pulmonary shunts, and reparative surgery, often requiring prosthetic
valve or conduit replacement, are major predisposing conditions. Accord¬
ingly, recognition, prevention, and treatment strategies for infective endo¬
carditis assume increasing importance in adolescents and adults with
congenital heart disease, operated or not.
Indications for and Timing of Surgical Intervention in Infective Endocarditis 393
Alvin S. Blaustein and Joseph R. Lee
Infective endocarditis, especially when it involves prosthetic valves, is a
serious, often fatal illness. Although antibiotics are essential in manage¬
ment, surgery is required in many patients who develop even incipient
heart failure and structural complications. Early identification and referral
results in improved mortality and morbidity rates, and there is evidence
that surgery should play a larger role in managing infective endocarditis.
Patients with intracardiac pacemakers and cardioverting devices represent
a growing reservoir of patients with the potential to develop endocarditis.
Advances in Medical and Antibiotic Management of Infective Endocarditis 405
Bernard M. Kubak, Ajani P. Nimmagadda, and Curtis D. Holt
Infective endocarditis remains a serious medical problem despite advance¬
ments in laboratory detection, echocardiographic techniques, and newer
Vi CONTENTS
antibiotic agents. This article summarizes the microbial agents in infective
endocarditis, in addition to developments in medical and antibiotic man¬
agement.
Cardiac, Cerebral, and Vascular Complications of Infective Endocarditis 437
P. Scott Harris and C. Glenn Cobbs
Infective endocarditis is characterized by infection and destruction of the
native or prosthetic heart valve. Although cardiac complications, especially
heart failure, remain the leading cause of death, endocarditis is a complex,
systemic illness with involvement of virtually all organ systems. The
spectrum and incidence of cardiovascular, dermatologic, neurologic, and
renal complications, including direct embolic disease and immune medi¬
ated phenomena, also are presented.
Issues in Surgical Treatment of Endocarditis Including Intraoperative and
Postoperative Management 451
Davis C. Drinkwater, Jr, Hillel Laks, and John S. Child
Patients with infective endocarditis who require surgical intervention can
be divided into four separate groups, in order of incidence: (1) patients
with underlying acquired or congenital cardiac lesions or valvar abnormal¬
ities, (2) patients with preexisting prosthetic valves, (3) patients with
nosocomial infections who are immunosuppressed, and (4) older patients
with infection risk or patients with indwelling deep venous catheters. The
surgical management for these individual groups and for specific valve
lesions is discussed, along with illustrative case studies.
Index 465
Subscription Information Inside back cover
CONTENTS vii
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| spelling | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis John S. Childs ..., guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1996 VII S., S. 327 - 470 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cardiology clinics 14,3 Infektiöse Endokarditis (DE-588)4192118-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Infektiöse Endokarditis (DE-588)4192118-5 s DE-604 Child, John S. Sonstige oth Cardiology clinics 14,3 (DE-604)BV000008602 14,3 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007319014&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis Cardiology clinics Infektiöse Endokarditis (DE-588)4192118-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4192118-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis |
| title_auth | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis |
| title_exact_search | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis |
| title_full | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis John S. Childs ..., guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis John S. Childs ..., guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis John S. Childs ..., guest ed. |
| title_short | Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis |
| title_sort | diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis |
| topic | Infektiöse Endokarditis (DE-588)4192118-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Infektiöse Endokarditis Aufsatzsammlung |
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