An affordable development?: biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Zed Books
1996
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 210 S. |
| ISBN: | 1856493334 1856493342 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV010848565 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20020913 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 960712s1996 |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 1856493334 |9 1-85649-333-4 | ||
| 020 | |a 1856493342 |9 1-85649-334-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)33166473 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV010848565 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-703 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a TP248.195.D44 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 338.4/76606 |2 20 | |
| 084 | |a QG 020 |0 (DE-625)141461: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Avramovic, Mila |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An affordable development? |b biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World |c by Mila Avramovic |
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Zed Books |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 210 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Bio-industries - Pays en voie de développement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biotechnologie - Pays en voie de développement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Países subdesarrollados - Industria biotecnológica | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Entwicklungsländer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biotechnology industries |z Developing countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biotechnology |z Developing countries | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biotechnologie |0 (DE-588)4069491-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biotechnologische Industrie |0 (DE-588)4208106-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Entwicklungsländer |0 (DE-588)4014954-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Entwicklungsländer |0 (DE-588)4014954-7 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Biotechnologie |0 (DE-588)4069491-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Entwicklungsländer |0 (DE-588)4014954-7 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Biotechnologische Industrie |0 (DE-588)4208106-3 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007251144&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007251144 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804125334587572224 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Glossary ix
Introduction 1
Part I Scientific Evolution and the Development of
Biotechnology
Chapter 1 The History of Biotechnology and Its
Applications 7
The first generation 7
The second generation 7
The third generation 8
Practical applications 12
Part II Salient Features of Biotechnology Growth in
Industrialized Countries
Chapter 2 The Application of Biotechnology by Sector 15
Overview 15
Factors influencing concentration on human health care
and the relative neglect of agriculture 19
The strong demand for drugs to treat chronic and fatal
diseases 25
Chapter 3 Organization of the Industry 34
The relationship between university and industry 34
Dedicated biotechnology firms and their
concentration 36
Large multiproduct firms and their collaboration with
DBFs 39
The changing nature of collaboration 41
Mergers and acquisitions 43
Small firms and innovation 45
Chapter 4 Geographical Distribution of Biotechnology
Activity 49
Limitations of data 49
The high concentration of biotechnology firms in the
USA 50
The US lead in public spending 51
Foreign corporate alliances with US dedicated
biotechnology firms 51
Regional distribution of patents 56
Chapter 5 Business Performance, Costs and Prices 59
Business results 59
Research and development spending 61
Marketing costs 62
High skill requirements 65
Bioprocessing costs 67
Gestation period 69
Cost of capital and profit expectations 71
Product prices 73
Chapter 6 Sources of Business Finance 76
The low proportion of debt (loan) finance 76
Suppliers of equity finance: wealthy individuals 77
Suppliers of equity finance: venture capital 78
Suppliers of equity finance: the stock market 82
Gaps in business finance 87
The sociology of biotech finance: two notes 88
Part 111 Implications for Developing Countries
Chapter 7 Domestic Financial Constraints in Developing
Countries 97
Public sector financial deficits 98
The paucity of venture capital facilities 100
Restricted access to the stock markets 103
The lag in aggregate savings and high interest rates 107
Chapter 8 Access to Foreign Finance 1
Contract research 110
Financial and marketing interaction between the private
and public sectors 113
Joint ventures and equity investments 115
Lessons from the experiences of developed
countries 117
Support by international institutions 118
Chapter 9 Diagnostic Products: A Biotechnology
Priority for Developing Countries? 121
The need for diagnostics 121
The immune system 123
Antibody production 126
Immunoassays 129
MAb diagnostics 131
In vivo MAb based diagnostics 135
Overall market growth 136
Gestation period 137
Capital cost 137
Skills: demand and supply 138
Diagnostics use in developing countries: international
agency and expert assessment 139
A diagnostics industry in developing countries? 141
Chapter 10 Diagnostics: A Bridge to Vaccines and
Therapeutics 148
A bridge to the vaccines industry: subunit and
anti id vaccines 148
Monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics 149
The 1990s 149
Conclusion 151
Annex 1 Patents and Intellectual Property Rights 153
Annex 2 DNA Hybridization Probe Technology and PCR 165
Annex 3 Applying Biotechnology to Agriculture in
Developing Countries: Summary 177
Annex 4 Subunit and Anti id Vaccines 183
Annex 5 Monoclonal Antibodies as Therapeutics: Past
Problems and Recent Technical Advances 187
References 191
Index 204
List of Tables
Table 2.1 US dedicated biotechnology firms, investments
compared to sales 16
Table 2.2 Areas of primary focus of US biotechnology
companies 17
Table 4.1 Number of agreements between US DBFs
and West European and Japanese corporations 54
Table 4.2 International biotechnology agreements with US
DBFs 54
Table 4.3 Genetic engineering patents registered in the USA 56
Table 4.4 Genetic engineering patents applied to
pharmaceuticals/health care registered in the USA 57
Table 5.1 Top twenty firms in R D 60
Table 5.2 Pharmaceutical company expenditures as
percentage of sales 62
Table 5.3 Qualifications of personnel in the biotechnology
industry 64
Table 5.4 Estimated time for launching new biotechnology
products 68
Table 5.5 Estimated cost of developing new biotechnology
drugs 70
Table 5.6 Prices of selected biotechnology products 72
Table 6.1 Biotechnology venture capital investment in
the USA 79
Table 6.2 UK venture capitalists preferred industries 80
Table 7.1 Public sector finances in developing countries 98
Table 7.2 Public and total investment in developing countries 99
Table 7.3 Reduction of capital expenditures in
developing countries 100
Table 7.4 IFC investments in venture capital companies 102
Table 7.5 Number of listed domestic companies in
developing countries 104
Table 7.6 Gross domestic and national savings ratios in
developing countries 106
Table 7.7 Real loan interest rates in developing countries 108
Table 8.1 Share of contract research revenue in total
revenue of US biotechnology companies 111
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Avramovic, Mila |
| author_facet | Avramovic, Mila |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Avramovic, Mila |
| author_variant | m a ma |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV010848565 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TP248 |
| callnumber-raw | TP248.195.D44 |
| callnumber-search | TP248.195.D44 |
| callnumber-sort | TP 3248.195 D44 |
| callnumber-subject | TP - Chemical Technology |
| classification_rvk | QG 020 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)33166473 (DE-599)BVBBV010848565 |
| dewey-full | 338.4/76606 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
| dewey-raw | 338.4/76606 |
| dewey-search | 338.4/76606 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.4 576606 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01999nam a2200493 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV010848565</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20020913 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">960712s1996 |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1856493334</subfield><subfield code="9">1-85649-333-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1856493342</subfield><subfield code="9">1-85649-334-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)33166473</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV010848565</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">TP248.195.D44</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">338.4/76606</subfield><subfield code="2">20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">QG 020</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)141461:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Avramovic, Mila</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">An affordable development?</subfield><subfield code="b">biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World</subfield><subfield code="c">by Mila Avramovic</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">London [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Zed Books</subfield><subfield code="c">1996</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XIV, 210 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Bio-industries - Pays en voie de développement</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Biotechnologie - Pays en voie de développement</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Países subdesarrollados - Industria biotecnológica</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Entwicklungsländer</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Biotechnology industries</subfield><subfield code="z">Developing countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Biotechnology</subfield><subfield code="z">Developing countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Biotechnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4069491-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Biotechnologische Industrie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4208106-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Entwicklungsländer</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014954-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Entwicklungsländer</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014954-7</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Biotechnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4069491-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Entwicklungsländer</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014954-7</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Biotechnologische Industrie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4208106-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007251144&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007251144</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Entwicklungsländer |
| id | DE-604.BV010848565 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:59:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1856493334 1856493342 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007251144 |
| oclc_num | 33166473 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 |
| physical | XIV, 210 S. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Zed Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Avramovic, Mila Verfasser aut An affordable development? biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World by Mila Avramovic London [u.a.] Zed Books 1996 XIV, 210 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bio-industries - Pays en voie de développement Biotechnologie - Pays en voie de développement Países subdesarrollados - Industria biotecnológica Entwicklungsländer Biotechnology industries Developing countries Biotechnology Developing countries Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd rswk-swf Biotechnologische Industrie (DE-588)4208106-3 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 g Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 s DE-604 Biotechnologische Industrie (DE-588)4208106-3 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007251144&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Avramovic, Mila An affordable development? biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World Bio-industries - Pays en voie de développement Biotechnologie - Pays en voie de développement Países subdesarrollados - Industria biotecnológica Entwicklungsländer Biotechnology industries Developing countries Biotechnology Developing countries Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd Biotechnologische Industrie (DE-588)4208106-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4069491-4 (DE-588)4208106-3 (DE-588)4014954-7 |
| title | An affordable development? biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World |
| title_auth | An affordable development? biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World |
| title_exact_search | An affordable development? biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World |
| title_full | An affordable development? biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World by Mila Avramovic |
| title_fullStr | An affordable development? biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World by Mila Avramovic |
| title_full_unstemmed | An affordable development? biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World by Mila Avramovic |
| title_short | An affordable development? |
| title_sort | an affordable development biotechnology economics and the implications for the third world |
| title_sub | biotechnology, economics and the implications for the Third World |
| topic | Bio-industries - Pays en voie de développement Biotechnologie - Pays en voie de développement Países subdesarrollados - Industria biotecnológica Entwicklungsländer Biotechnology industries Developing countries Biotechnology Developing countries Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd Biotechnologische Industrie (DE-588)4208106-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bio-industries - Pays en voie de développement Biotechnologie - Pays en voie de développement Países subdesarrollados - Industria biotecnológica Entwicklungsländer Biotechnology industries Developing countries Biotechnology Developing countries Biotechnologie Biotechnologische Industrie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007251144&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT avramovicmila anaffordabledevelopmentbiotechnologyeconomicsandtheimplicationsforthethirdworld |