New inequalities: the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge Univ. Press
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 394 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0521553261 0521556988 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a New inequalities |b the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom |c ed. by John Hills |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 394 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1966-1996 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Inkomensverdeling |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Income distribution |z Great Britain | |
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| 689 | 1 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1966-1996 |A z |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Hills, John |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of figures page ix
List of tables xiii
List of contributors xviii
Acknowledgements xxiv
1 Introduction: after the turning point ]
John Hills
Part I Income distribution
2 Seeking to explain the distribution of income 19
A. B. Atkinson
3 The changing shape of the UK income distribution:
kernel density estimates 49
Frank A. Cowell, Stephen P. Jenkins and Julie A. Litchfield
4 UK household cost of living indices, 1979 92 76
Ian Crawford
5 Cost of living differences between the regions of the
United Kingdom 103
Vani K. Borooah, Patrick P. L. McGregor,
Patricia M. McKee and Gwyneth E. Mulholland
Part II Components of income
6 What has happened to the wages of men since 1966? 135
Amanda Gosling, Stephen Machin and Costas Meghir
1 Women s pay and family incomes in Britain, 1979 91 158
Susan Harkness, Stephen Machin and Jane Waldfogel
vii
viii Contents
8 More work in fewer households? 181
Paul Gregg and Jonathan Wadsworth
9 Self employment and the distribution of income 208
Nigel Meager, Gill Court and Janet Moralee
10 Fairer or Fowler? The effects of the 1986 Social Security
Act on family incomes 236
Martin Evans
Part III Spatial aspects
11 Aspects of the changing geography of poverty and wealth 265
Anne E. Green
12 Two nations? Changing patterns of income and wealth in
two contrasting areas 292
Michael Noble and George Smith
Part IV Income and wealth
13 Patterns of financial wealth holding in the United Kingdom 321
James Banks, Andrew Dilnot and Hamish Low
14 Home ownership, housing wealth and wealth distribution
in Britain 348
Chris Hamnett and Jenny Seavers
Bibliography 374
Index 389
Figures
1.1 Trends in income inequality page 3
1.2 Change in real net income, by income group 4
1.3 Factors affecting distribution of net household income 8
1.4 Distribution of marketable wealth, 1960 90 13
2.1 Trends in income inequality in the United Kingdom
compared with other Anglo Saxon countries and Japan,
1970 92 21
2.2 Trends in income inequality in the United Kingdom
compared with Scandinavia, 1970 92 21
2.3 Trends in income inequality in the United Kingdom
compared with EU countries, 1970 92 22
2.4 Links between factor and personal distributions 30
2.5 Share of wages and profits in GDP in the United
Kingdom, 1971 92 31
2.6 Supply and demand for skilled/unskilled labour 32
2.7 Incomes before transfers (original income), after transfers
(gross income) and after direct taxes (disposable income),
1977 93 42
3.1 Income frequency density function examples 51
3.2 Histograms of the 1988/89 income distribution 54
3.3 Estimating the density at each income level 56
3.4 Fixed window width kernel density estimates for 1988/89
income distribution 57
3.5 Income distribution 1979 and 1988/89 58
3.6 Income distributions for elderly and non elderly households,
1979 and 1988/89 62
3.7 Income distributions for non elderly households, by benefit
receipt, 1979 and 1988/89 64
3.8 Income distributions for elderly households, by benefit
receipt, 1979 and 1988/89 66
3.9 Income distributions for non elderly households, by benefit
receipt and presence of dependent children, 1979 and 1988/89 67
ix
x List of figures
3.A1 Density estimation with a Normal kernel 70
4.1 Engel Curve for domestic energy, FES, 1992 77
4.2 Relative price of domestic fuel, United Kingdom, 1978 92 77
4.3 Inflation rates, by income group, percent, 1979 92 80
4.4 Difference in inflation rates, by income group, percentage
points, 1979 92 81
4.5 Relative price of necessities: food, fuel (electricity) and
clothing, 1978 92 82
4.6 Relative price of luxuries: catering, entertainment and
services, 1978 92 82
4.7 Difference in inflation rates, by employment status of head,
percentage points, 1979 92 84
4.8 Difference in inflation rates for the poorest 10 per cent, with
and without taxes, percentage points, 1979 92 87
4.9 Difference in inflation rates for the richest 10 per cent, with
and without taxes, percentage points, 1979 92 87
4.10 Nominal user cost of shelter, £ per annum, 1978 93 90
4.11 Shelter costs: rents, mortgage payments, RPI method, and
the user cost 91
4.12 Annual increase in cost of living, with and without housing
costs: all households, RPI shelter costs measure, per cent,
1979 92 93
4.13 Inflation rates by tenure, RPI shelter costs measure, per cent,
1979 92 93
4.14 Difference in inflation rates, by income group, RPI shelter
costs measure, percentage points, 1979 92 94
4.15 Difference in inflation rates, by head s date of birth cohort,
RPI shelter costs measure 95
4.16 Annual increase in cost of living, with and without housing
costs: all households, user cost measure and RPI shelter
costs measure, percent, 1979 92 96
4.17 Difference in inflation rates, by tenure, user cost measure,
percent, 1979 92 97
4.18 Difference in inflation rates, by income group, user cost
measure, percentage points, 1979 92 98
4.19 Difference in inflation rates, by head s date of birth cohort,
user cost measure, percentage points, 1979 92 98
5.1 Regional relative costs, by commodity group: the outlying
cases 107
5.2 Relative housing cost of owner occupation: south 114
5.3 Relative housing cost of owner occupation: north 116
5.4 Relative housing cost of owner occupation: other 118
List of figures xi
5.5 Aggregate relative cost (excluding housing), by region 122
5.6 Aggregate relative cost (including housing), by region 124
6.1 Indexed male hourly earnings, by percentile, 1966 92 136
6.2 Dispersion of male wages, 1966 92 137
6.3 Income and wage dispersion, 1966 91 139
6.4 Wage growth, 1968 92 146
6.5 Occupational and educational differentials 148
6.6 Wage dispersion, 1968 86 and 1978 92 149
6.7 Growing difference between the wages of younger (23 28)
and older (over 28) workers, 1966 92 151
6.8 Within age group dispersion, 1966 92 153
6.9 Wage growth across generations of 23 28 year olds,
1978 92, by education group 154
7.1 Changes in the labour force activity of men and women in
married/cohabiting families, based on 1979 91 General
Household Survey data 161
7.2 Mean earnings shares of men and women in married/
cohabiting families in total family income 162
7.3 Distribution of earnings shares of men and women in
married/cohabiting families in total family income 165
7.4 Male earning shares, by male earnings decile groups 166
7.5 Female earning shares, by male earnings decile groups 167
7.6 Female employment rates, by family income decile groups 168
8.1 Non employment rates for adults and households,
1975 93 183
8.2 Distribution of work across households, 1975 93 184
8.3 Distribution of work in two adult households, 1975 93 185
9.1 Monthly net labour income of employees and the
self employed: all 215
9.2 Monthly net labour income of employees and the
self employed: men 215
9.3 Monthly net labour income of employees and the
self employed: women 216
10.1 Families receiving means tested benefits, proportion of all
families, 1986 90 243
10.2 Single Payments and the Social Fund: change in average
payment compared to 1983 86 average 249
10.3 Gainers and losers, by decile group 257
11.1 Experience of change : unemployment rate 281
11.2 Experience of change : inactivity rate, 20 59 year olds 281
11.3 Experience of change : households with two or more cars 282
11.4 Concentrated poverty wards in Britain, 1981 and 1991 287
xii List of figures
11.5 Concentrated wealth wards in Britain, 1981 and 1991 288
12.1 Claimants on IS, by household type as a percentage of all IS
claimants, Winter 1993/94 298
12.2 Oxford: persons on HB/CTB receiving IS, Winter 1993/94 300
12.3 Oldham: persons on HB/CTB receiving IS, Winter 1993/94 301
12.4 IS cases in Oxford and Oldham: Summer 1993 as a
percentage of 1991 population 302
12.5 Oxford, 1981: index of low income 309
12.6 Oxford, 1991: index of low income 310
12.7 Oldham, 1981: index of low income 311
12.8 Oldham, 1991: index of low income 312
12.9 Index of representation of population without access to a
car in study neighbourhoods: Oxford and Oldham,
1981 91 313
12.10 Index of representation of population with access to two
or more cars in study neighbourhoods: Oxford and Oldham,
1981 91 314
13.1 Median financial (non pension) wealth, by decile group of
financial wealth 332
13.2 Median financial (non pension) wealth, by income band 333
13.3 Median financial (non pension) wealth, by age band 334
13.4 Median financial (non pension) wealth, by age and income 334
13.5 Mean portfolios, by financial wealth band 339
13.6 Median total (non pension) wealth, by decile group of total
wealth 340
13.7 Median total (non pension) wealth, by age and income 341
13.8 Median financial (non pension) wealth, by decile group of
financial wealth, 1987 88 343
14.1 Identified personal wealth, 1990 352
14.2 Comparative graph, FES and BHPS: household income
distribution, 1991 354
14.3 Comparative graph, FES and BHPS: outright/mortgaged
owners household income, 1991 354
14.4 Distribution of owners equity 361
14.5 Age distribution of head of household: outright and
mortgaged owners 362
14.6 Income distribution of outright and mortgaged owners 364
14.7 Housing equity of outright and mortgaged owners 365
Tables
2.A1 Income distribution in the United Kingdom, other
Anglo Saxon countries and Japan: Gini coefficients
from 1970 page 45
2.A2 Income distribution in mainland European countries:
Gini coefficients from 1970 46
3.A1 Percentages of persons in population subgroups, by year 72
3.A2 Mean income, by population subgroup and year 73
4.1 The post war experience in the United Kingdom,
1939 1980s 78
4.2 Proportion of total non housing expenditure allocated
across goods, FES, 1978 and 1992 83
5.1 Reward commodity quotations 104
5.2 Dispersion of group price indices 106
5.3 Measures of UK owner occupier housing cost, £/week 113
5.4 Weekly housing costs of owner occupiers, 1979 and 1990 120
5.5 Mean values of the relative cost indices 126
5.6 Average regional PDI, 1979 90, as percentage of the
UK average 126
5.7 Regional poverty: Head Count ratios, 1984 85 127
6.1 Wage dispersion of full time male manual workers,
1886 1990 138
6.2 Cross country evidence on male 90/10 earnings ratios, early
1970s early 1990s 141
6.3 Skill composition, 1968 92, percent 144
6.4 Decomposing the proportions in the low education
group 144
7.1 Sample characteristics of married and cohabiting couple
families, 1979 91 160
7.2 Shares of earnings and non labour income in total family
income, married and cohabiting couple families, 1979 91 163
7.3 Decomposition of the rise in importance of female share in
xiii
xiv List of tables
total family income, married and cohabiting couple families,
1979 81 to 1989 91 164
7.4 Impact of wives earnings on family poverty, 1979 81 to
1989 91 169
7.5 Changes in the inequality of family income and its
components, 1979 81 to 1989 91 171
7.6 Impact of wives earnings on family income inequality,
1979 81 to 1989 91 172
7.7 Sample characteristics of single woman families, 1979 91 173
7.8 Shares of female earnings and non labour income in total
family income, single woman families, 1979 91 174
7.9 Impact of earnings on family poverty, 1979 81 to
1989 91 175
7.10 Changing family structure and changes within families,
1979 81 to 1989 91 176
7.11 Decomposition of the rise in importance of female share in
total family income, married and cohabiting couple families
and single woman families, 1979 81 to 1989 91 177
8.1 Household composition and employment, 1975 93 186
8.2 Two adult household composition and employment status,
1975 93 187
8.3a Annual transition probabilities, by household status: one
adult households 188
8.3b Annual transition probabilities, by household status: two
adult households 188
8.4 Steady state distribution of work, by household status,
1979 93 190
8.5 Annual individual transition rates from and into non
employment, by household status, 1979 93 191
8.6 Two adult household employment and non employment, by
education, 1979 90 194
8.7 Annual individual employment inflow differentials, by
household status, 1979 93 195
8.8 Employment, by type of work, 1979 93 198
8.9 Employment, by type of work and household status,
1979 93 199
8.10 Annual individual employment inflow differentials, by
household status and type of employment entered,
1979 93 200
8.11 Annual individual employment inflow differentials and
transitions into each employment type, by household status,
1979 93 202
List of tables xv
9.1 Usual monthly net labour income of employees and the
self employed, by gender 214
9.2 Usual hourly net labour income of employees and the self
employed, by gender 218
9.3 Gini coefficients, by employment status and gender 219
9.4 Composition, per cent, of labour income distribution tails,
by employment status 221
9.5 Composition, per cent, of labour income distribution tails,
by employment status: men 223
9.6 Composition, per cent, of labour income distribution tails
by employment status: women 224
9.7 Composition of the labour income distribution, by full time
and part time work, net monthly earnings 225
9.8 Sectoral composition, per cent, of self employed in labour
income distribution tails 226
9.9 Model 1: logit estimates of odds of being in lowest labour
income decile group 228
9.10 Model 2: logit estimates of odds of being in highest labour
income decile group 230
10.1 Spending on means tested benefits, 1986 87 to 1990 91, at
1990 91 prices 242
10.2 Government spending and claimant profiles, SB and IS,
1986 87 to 1990 91 244
10.3 Index of relative benefit rates, by family type and
comparison of rates of SB and IS 245
10.4 Transitional protection, IS claimants, 1988 90 247
10.5 Real spending on single payments and the Social Fund,
1991 92 prices 248
10.6 Non SB/IS Housing Benefits, by scheme, England and
Wales, 1986 87 to 1990 91 250
10.7 Real value of deductions for non dependants, 1990 91
prices 251
10.8 Government spending and claimant profiles, FIS
and FC 252
10.9 Mean real and relative incomes of means tested benefit
claimants, 1987 88 to 1990 91, 1990 91 prices 253
10.10 Old system claimants, destination: new entrants to new
system 255
10.11 Claimant types: modelled gainers and losers 258
10.12 Poverty gaps and the modelled schemes 259
11.1 Households with no car: ranking of LADs on degree,
extent and intensity measures, 1991 270
xvi List of tables
11.2 Unemployment rate: rankings of LADs on degree, extent
and intensity measures, 1991 271
11.3 Inactivity rate, persons aged 20 59: rankings of LADs on
degree, extent and intensity measures, 1991 272
11.4 Change in poverty indicators, by LAD category, 1981 91 274
11.5 Households with two or more cars: rankings of LADs on
degree, extent and intensity measures, 1991 276
11.6 Households from social classes 1 and 2: rankings of LADs
on degree, extent and intensity measures, 1991 278
11.7 Change in wealth indicators, by LAD category, 1981 91 279
11.8 Number of LADs with wards in the top and bottom
decile groups of the national distribution of wards, on
selected poverty and wealth measures, 1981 91 284
12.1 Oxford IS cases, Summer 1993 sweep and Winter 1993/94
sweep 303
12.2 Percentage of each claimant group on IS in dataset in
Summer 1993 also present and on IS in Winter sweep:
inflows and outflows 303
12.3 Male unemployment: economically active population 16+,
1981 91, ED level, per cent 305
12.4 Households without access to a car, 1981 and 1991, per cent 306
12.5 Households with access to two or more cars, 1981 and
1991, percent 307
12.6 Index of low income, 1981 and 1991 308
12.7 Male unemployment, 1981 91, percent 310
12.8 Households without access to a car, 1981 and 1991, per
cent 312
12.9 Households with access to two or more cars, 1981 and 1991,
percent 314
12.10 Indexof low income, 1981 91 315
13.1 Grossing up factors, FRS to 1991 Census 325
13.2 Percentage of sample in income bands, household (FES),
tax unit (FES) and family (FRS) 326
13.3 Work status 327
13.4 Comparison with National Accounts and Inland Revenue
statistics, asset holdings, by number 328
13.5 Comparison of asset values, end 1987 and end 1991,
£ million 330
13.6 Median financial wealth, by income and age band 335
13.7 Percentage of non zero asset holdings and mean of
non zero asset holdings, by income, wealth and age, FRS
1991 92 336
List of tables xvii
13.8 Median non pension wealth, by income and age band 342
13.9 Impact of pensions on the distribution of wealth, 1991 342
13.10 Mean portfolios, by age group, 1987 88 and 1991 92 344
13.11 Mean portfolios, by wealth group, 1987 88 and 1991 92 345
14.1 Importance of various assets in personal wealth as
percentage of total gross assets, 1990 349
14.2 Residential property as percentage of total net identified
personal wealth, year of account basis, 1990 and 1991 351
14.3 Comparison of estimated current values and adjusted
purchase prices, per cent in range 356
14.4 Distribution of household estimated values as percentage
of APP estimates, per cent in range 357
14.5 Distribution of all home owners equity, per cent in range 360
14.6 Housing equity of outright and mortgaged owners, per
cent in range 363
14.7 Variation in mean equity, by region 366
14.8 Mean equity, by grouped SEG 367
14.9 Mean equity, by age of head of household 368
14.10 Mean equity, by year of purchase, by owner type 369
14.11 Mean equity, by gross household income: outright and
mortgaged owners 369
14.12 Mean equity, by household type 370
14.13 Mean equity, by market/non market buyers: estimated
value based 372
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV010837230 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:59:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521553261 0521556988 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007244036 |
| oclc_num | 32509529 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| physical | XXV, 394 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | New inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom ed. by John Hills 1. publ. Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Press 1996 XXV, 394 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1966-1996 gnd rswk-swf Inkomensverdeling gtt Income distribution Great Britain Income Great Britain Wealth Great Britain Wohlstand (DE-588)4128492-6 gnd rswk-swf Lebenshaltungskosten (DE-588)4034866-0 gnd rswk-swf Regionale Disparität (DE-588)4293657-3 gnd rswk-swf Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 s Lebenshaltungskosten (DE-588)4034866-0 s Geschichte 1966-1996 z DE-604 Wohlstand (DE-588)4128492-6 s Regionale Disparität (DE-588)4293657-3 s Hills, John Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007244036&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | New inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom Inkomensverdeling gtt Income distribution Great Britain Income Great Britain Wealth Great Britain Wohlstand (DE-588)4128492-6 gnd Lebenshaltungskosten (DE-588)4034866-0 gnd Regionale Disparität (DE-588)4293657-3 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4128492-6 (DE-588)4034866-0 (DE-588)4293657-3 (DE-588)4013898-7 (DE-588)4022153-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | New inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom |
| title_auth | New inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom |
| title_exact_search | New inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom |
| title_full | New inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom ed. by John Hills |
| title_fullStr | New inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom ed. by John Hills |
| title_full_unstemmed | New inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom ed. by John Hills |
| title_short | New inequalities |
| title_sort | new inequalities the changing distribution of income and wealth in the united kingdom |
| title_sub | the changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom |
| topic | Inkomensverdeling gtt Income distribution Great Britain Income Great Britain Wealth Great Britain Wohlstand (DE-588)4128492-6 gnd Lebenshaltungskosten (DE-588)4034866-0 gnd Regionale Disparität (DE-588)4293657-3 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Inkomensverdeling Income distribution Great Britain Income Great Britain Wealth Great Britain Wohlstand Lebenshaltungskosten Regionale Disparität Einkommensverteilung Großbritannien Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007244036&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hillsjohn newinequalitiesthechangingdistributionofincomeandwealthintheunitedkingdom |