Thought and knowledge: an introduction to critical thinking
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Mahwah, NJ
Erlbaum
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 430 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0805814930 0805814949 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804125278120706048 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Thought and knowledge
Autor: Halpern, Diane F.
Jahr: 1996
Contents
Preface xi
1 Thinking: An Introduction l
The Need for Critical Thinking Skills 2
Empirical Evidence That Thinking Can Be Improved 8
Thinking About Thinking 11
Intelligence and Thinking Skills 21
A Critical Thinking Attitude and Disposition 25
A Framework for Thinking 30
Chapter Summary 32
Terms to Know 33
Suggested Readings 34
2 Memory: The Acquisition, Retention, and Retrieval of 36
Knowledge
Memory as the Mediator of Cognitive Processes 37
Acquisition 43
Retention 51
Retrieval 54
Working Memory 57
Metamemory 60
Mnemonics 61
Biases in Memory 68
Applying the Framework 69
Chapter Summary 70
vii
ViU CONTENTS
Terms to Know 71
Suggested Readings 72
3 The Relationship Between Thought and Language 75
Thought and Language 76
Words and Their Meanings 85
Language: Tool or Master of Thought? 91
Comprehension: The Reason for Language 202
Applying the Framework 224
Chapter Summary 225
Terms to Know 225
Suggested Readings 227
4- Reasoning: Drawing Deductively Valid Conclusions 118
Logical and Psychological 229
Linear Ordering 223
If, Then Statements 226
Combinatorial Reasoning 235
Syllogistic Reasoning 236
Disjunctions 257
Reasoning in Everyday Contexts 259
Applying the Framework 262
Chapter Summary 262
Terms to Know 263
Suggested Readings 265
5 Analyzing Arguments 167
The Anatomy of an Argument 168
Diagramming the Structure of an Argument 274
Evaluating the Strength of an Argument 278
Persuasion and Propaganda 290
The Psychology of Reasons 292
Twenty-One Common Fallacies 293
Distinguishing Among Opinion, Reasoned Judgment, and Fact 202
Visual Arguments 203
How to Change Beliefs 204
Applying the Framework 205
Chapter Summary 207
Terms to Know 208
Suggested Readings 220
6 Thinking as Hypothesis Testing 212
Understanding Hypothesis Testing 223
Determining Cause 222
Thinking About Errors 230
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies 232
Occult Beliefs and the Paranormal 233
Thinking as an Intuitive Scientist 234
Applying the Framework 235
Chapter Summary 237
CONTENTS jx
Terms to Know 237
Suggested Readings 239
7 Likelihood and Uncertainty: Understanding Probabilities 241
Probabilistic Nature of the World 242
Factors Affecting Judgments About Likelihood and Uncertainty 246
Using Probability 247
Expected Values 257
Subjective Probability 260
Making Probabilistic Decisions 263
Risk 269
Statistical Use and Abuse 273
Applying the Framework 276
Chapter Summary 277
Terms to Know 278
Suggested Readings 279
8 Decision Making 281
Making Sound Decisions 282
Descriptive and Prescriptive Processes 286
Pitfalls and Pratfalls in Decision Making 288
Evaluating Consequences 299
Elimination by Aspects 302
Preparing a Worksheet 301
Postdecision Commitment and Evaluation 309
Applying the Framework 312
Chapter Summary 313
Terms to Know 314
Suggested Readings 325
9 Development of Problem-Solving Skills 317
Anatomy of a Problem 318
Stages in Problem Solving 320
Well-Defined and Ill-Defined Problems 323
Problem Planning and Representation 324
Problem-Solving Strategies 340
Problem-Solving Problems 355
Applying the Framework 359
Chapter Summary 360
Terms to Know 360
Suggested Readings 362
10 Creative Thinking 364
Defining Creativity 365
Creativity as a Cognitive Process 370
Encouraging Creativity 377
Strategies for Creative Thinking 380
Applying the Framework 388
Chapter Summary 389
Terms to Know 390
X CONTENTS
Suggested Readings 392
11 The Last Word 393
References 395
Author Index 409
Subject Index 415
|
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| author | Halpern, Diane F. 1947- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)139592539 |
| author_facet | Halpern, Diane F. 1947- |
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| author_sort | Halpern, Diane F. 1947- |
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| bvnumber | BV010796050 |
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| discipline | Psychologie |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| title | Thought and knowledge an introduction to critical thinking |
| title_auth | Thought and knowledge an introduction to critical thinking |
| title_exact_search | Thought and knowledge an introduction to critical thinking |
| title_full | Thought and knowledge an introduction to critical thinking Diane F. Halpern |
| title_fullStr | Thought and knowledge an introduction to critical thinking Diane F. Halpern |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thought and knowledge an introduction to critical thinking Diane F. Halpern |
| title_short | Thought and knowledge |
| title_sort | thought and knowledge an introduction to critical thinking |
| title_sub | an introduction to critical thinking |
| topic | Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 gnd Problemlösen (DE-588)4076358-4 gnd Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd Erkenntnistheorie (DE-588)4070914-0 gnd Geist (DE-588)4019830-3 gnd Kritisches Denken (DE-588)4231288-7 gnd |
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