Expert systems for business: concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Danvers [u.a.]
Boyd & Fraser [u.a.]
1995
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Systemvoraussetzungen: IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2, or compatible with 640K RAM |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 447 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 2 Disketten ; 3,5" |
| ISBN: | 0877091293 0877093199 0877093202 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Expert systems for business |b concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 |c D. V. Pigford ; Greg Baur |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Danvers [u.a.] |b Boyd & Fraser [u.a.] |c 1995 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 447 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |e 2 Disketten ; 3,5" | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804125264158916608 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
Part I The Concepts l
Chapter 1 The Intelligent Computer 3
The Nature of Intelligence 3
Intelligent Computing versus Conventional Computing 4
Applied Artificial Intelligence 6
General Problem Solving 6
Expert Systems 7
Natural Language 7
Computer Vision 8
Robotics 9
Advantages and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence 9
The Role of AI in Business 10
Key Points 12
Exercises 13
Assignments 14
Chapter 2 Expert Systems Technology 15
What is an Expert System? 15
What is Knowledge? 18
Expert Systems: Past and Present 19
Components of an Expert System 20
The Knowledge Base 20
The Inference Engine 21
The User Interface 21
Expert System Development Tools 21
Desirable Features of Expert Systems 22
Dealing with Uncertainty 22
Explanation 23
Ease of Modification 24
Transportability 2t
Adaptive Learning 25
Applications of Expert Systems 25
Control 25
Debugging 26
Design 26
Diagnosis 26
Instruction 26
Interpretation 27
iii
jv CONTENTS
Planning 27
Prediction 27 :
Repair 27
Some Examples of Expert Systems 27
MYCIN System 28
XCON/XSEL System 28
DELTA System 28
DENDRAL System 28
PROSPECTOR System 28
YESMVS System 29
ACE System 29
Advantages and Limitations of Expert Systems 29
Case Study: WPHELP 30
Key Points 31
Exercises 32
Assignments 33
Chapter 3 Knowledge Representation 35
Characteristics of Knowledge 35
Knowledge Representation Models 36
Production Rules 37
Semantic Networks 38
Frames 41
Propositional and Predicate Logic 44
Propositional Calculus 44
Predicate Calculus 46
Case Study: Knowledge Representation in WPHELP 48
Key Points 52
Exercises 53
Assignments 56
Chapter 4 Reasoning 57
Methods of Reasoning 57
Search 57
The Essence of Problem Solving 58
State and Search Space 60
Search Methods 52
Reasoning Strategies gg
Deduction 6g
Induction (^
Abduction 70
Uncertainty and Reasoning 71
_v
EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS
Certainty Factors 71
Fuzzy Logic 73
Reasoning Control Strategies 73
Forward Chaining 73
Backward Chaining 75
Case Study: Reasoning Strategies for WPHELP 75
Key Points 79
Exercises 81
Assignments 83
Chapter 5 The Knowledge Base 87
Is the Problem Appropriate? 87
Choosing the Development Tool 90
High Level Languages 90
Shells 91
Choosing High Level Languages or Shells 91
Acquiring and Organizing the Knowledge 93
Acquiring the Knowledge 94
The Interaction Process 94
The Interview Process 94
Organizing the Knowledge 96
Representing the Knowledge 96
Verification 97
Validation 97
Updating and Maintaining the Knowledge Base 97
Case Study: WPHELP 98
Key Points 99
Exercises 100
Assignments 101
Chapter 6 The Inference Engine 105
Uncertainty 105
Sources of Uncertainty 106
Uncertainty and Rules 108
Dealing with Uncertainty 110
Certainty Factors 112
Resolving Rule Conflicts 118
Case Study: WPHELP 120
Key Points 121
Exercises 122
Assignments 123
vi CONTENTS
Chapter 7 The User Interface 127
Overview of the User Interface 127
Formation of the User Interface: Screen Design and Input Devices 128
Screen Design 130
Questions and Answers (Teletype) 130
Menus 131
Hierarchical 132
Pull Down (Pop Up) 132
Icon 134
Windows 134
Input Devices 135
Keyboard 135
Mouse 136
Touch Sensitive Screen 136
Light Pen 136
Voice 136
Integration Interface 137
Effective User Interface Guidelines for Expert Systems 138
Screen Display Guidelines 139
Guidelines for the Use of Input Devices 141
Case Study: A User Interface for WPHELP 142
Key Points 144
Exercises 145
Assignments 147
Chapter 8 Software Engineering and Expert
Systems Development/Integration 149
Software Engineering and Expert Systems 149
The Software Life Cycle 149
The Expert System Life Cycle 152
The Software Engineering Methodology 155
Putting the Expert System Together 155
Prototype Development 155
Full System Development and Evaluation 157
Difficulties in Expert Systems Development 158
Scarce Resources 158
Development Time 159
Source of Errors 159
Inherent Limitations 160
Integrating the Expert System into the Organization 161
A Final Remark 161
Case Study: WPHELP 162
Key Points 162
vii
EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS
Exercises 163
Assignments 164
Chapter 9 The Future of Expert Systems 165
Knowledge Representation 165
Automated Knowledge Acquisition and System Development 166
System Development Tools 168
User Interfaces 169
Availability and Cost 170
Intelligent Systems 171
Case Study: The Future Word Processor 172
Key Points 172
Exercises 174
Assignments 175
Part II The Applications 177
Module 1 Expert Systems and VP Expert 179
Introduction to Expert Systems 179
Examples of Expert Systems 180
Emphasis of the Modules: VP Expert 181
Getting Started with VP Expert 182
Creating Backups and Installing VP Expert 182
Starting VP Expert 189
Key Points 190
Exercises 191
Assignments 192
Module 2 Examples of Expert Systems 195
Using VP Expert 195
The Main Menu • 195
Consultation Sessions 198
Alternate Methods for Menu Selection 202
Identifying the Three Parts of an Expert System 202
Viewing the Component Parts 203
Interaction With a Consultation 207
The Software Behind the Consultation 210
Obtaining a Printout 210
Examining the Printout 212
Obtaining Help 212
Key Points 217
Exercises 218
Assignments 219
viii j
CONTENTS
Module 3 The Knowledge Base: Production Rules in VP Expert 223
Forming Rules 223
Use of IF THEN Rules 223
Optional Parts of IF THEN Rules: ELSE and BECAUSE 224
Variable and Relational Operations for Rules 225
Rules with Compound Conditions (AND, OR) 226
Mathematical Calculations in Rules 231
Mathematical Functions 231
Trigonometric Functions 231
Variables in VP Expert 233
Plural Variables with Rules 234
Creating an Expert System from a Table 236
Logic Behind Table Files 236
Translation of a Table File to a Knowledge Base File 238
The Complete Induction Cycle: Table to an Expert System 243
Creation of Table Files 243
The Induced Knowledge Base File 244
Changes in the Induced Knowledge Base File 245
Key Points 252
Exercises 254
Assignments 256
Module 4 The VP Expert Inference Engine 261
Inference Engine Logic 261
Backward Chaining 261
Forward Chaining 262
Confidence Factors (CNF) 262
Trace of the Inference Engine: Backward Chaining 263
Using a Trace Command 264
Viewing a Text Tree 265
Viewing a Graphics Tree 267
Tracing Additional Consultations 268
Tracing a More Complex Example 269
Use of WHENEVER: Forward Chaining 274
FIND as the Goal Variable 274
Instruction Types and Order 275
Placement of the FIND Clause 276
Uncertainty and the Inference Engine 276
Confidence Factors 277
Unknown Values 282
Key Points 286
Exercises 287
Assignments 290
ix
EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS
Module 5 Using Databases and Spreadsheets with the
Knowledge Base 293
Using a Database 293
Displaying a Record 294
Example 1 298
Example 2 298
Using Loops to Display Records 299
Restricting the Database Records 315
Repeated Displaying of Database Records 316
Changing Records in a Database 319
Adding Records to a Database 322
Using a Spreadsheet 323
Overview 325
Reading from a Spreadsheet 325
Writing to a Spreadsheet 330
Key Points 334
Exercises 335
Assignments 337
Module 6 Using Confidence Factors 341
Confidence Factors for Rules with AND Conditions 341
Confidence Factors for Rules with OR Conditions 346
Confidence Factors for Rules with AND/OR Conditions 349
Threshold Values 350
Results Sorted by Confidence Factors 352
Key Points 353
Exercises 355
Assignments 355
Module 7 Implementing the User Interface 357
Formatting the Screen Display 357
Text Display 357
Windows 361
Color 364
Graphics 366
Controlling the Printer 369
Controlling the Run Time Environment 369
Using a Mouse 371
Exploring Examples 37]
Specialized Graphical User Interfaces in VP Expert 379
Dynamic Images 379
Smart Forms 383
Examples of Advanced Interfaces 386
X
~~~ CONTENTS
Summary 388
Key Points 389
Exercises 39O
Assignments 393
Module 8 Systems Development with VP Expert 397
Summary of Commands by Category 397
Inference Engine 397
Loops 399
Confidence Factors 400
Screen Display and Printer 400
Database 401
Worksheets 402
General Files 403
System Control and Data 404
Advanced Features 404
Chaining Knowledge based Files 404
Text Files 405
External Programs 406
Graphics 408
Dynamic Images 409
SmartForms 409
HYPERTEXT 410
Conclusion 410
Key Points 411
Exercises 413
Assignments 414
Appendix A VP Expert Command Hierarchy Chart 417
Appendix B Table of ASCII Characters 419
Appendix C Answers to Odd Numbered Exercises All
Appendix D Classification of VP Expert Keywords 433
Appendix E References 437
Index 439
|
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| discipline | Informatik |
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| id | DE-604.BV010782118 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:58:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0877091293 0877093199 0877093202 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007201400 |
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| publisher | Boyd & Fraser [u.a.] |
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| spelling | Pigford, Darleen V. Verfasser aut Expert systems for business concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 D. V. Pigford ; Greg Baur 2. ed. Danvers [u.a.] Boyd & Fraser [u.a.] 1995 XV, 447 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 2 Disketten ; 3,5" txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Systemvoraussetzungen: IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2, or compatible with 640K RAM Datenverarbeitung Wirtschaft Business Data processing Expert systems (Computer science) Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd rswk-swf Expertensystem (DE-588)4113491-6 gnd rswk-swf Diskette (DE-588)4122115-1 gnd rswk-swf Expertensystem (DE-588)4113491-6 s Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 s DE-604 Diskette (DE-588)4122115-1 s Baur, Greg Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007201400&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pigford, Darleen V. Baur, Greg Expert systems for business concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 Datenverarbeitung Wirtschaft Business Data processing Expert systems (Computer science) Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Expertensystem (DE-588)4113491-6 gnd Diskette (DE-588)4122115-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061963-1 (DE-588)4113491-6 (DE-588)4122115-1 |
| title | Expert systems for business concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 |
| title_auth | Expert systems for business concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 |
| title_exact_search | Expert systems for business concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 |
| title_full | Expert systems for business concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 D. V. Pigford ; Greg Baur |
| title_fullStr | Expert systems for business concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 D. V. Pigford ; Greg Baur |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expert systems for business concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 D. V. Pigford ; Greg Baur |
| title_short | Expert systems for business |
| title_sort | expert systems for business concepts and applications featuring vp expert version 3 1 |
| title_sub | concepts and applications ; featuring VP-Expert, version 3.1 |
| topic | Datenverarbeitung Wirtschaft Business Data processing Expert systems (Computer science) Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Expertensystem (DE-588)4113491-6 gnd Diskette (DE-588)4122115-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Datenverarbeitung Wirtschaft Business Data processing Expert systems (Computer science) Unternehmen Expertensystem Diskette |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007201400&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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