Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis?:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Basel [u.a.]
Birkhäuser
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Synthesebücher Schwerpunktprogramm Umwelt
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 187 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3764353414 0817653414 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? |c S. Schaltegger (ed.) ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Basel [u.a.] |b Birkhäuser |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 187 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a New products |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Product life cycle |x Environmental aspects | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface XI
A Introduction l
1 Two Paths 3
Stefan Schaltegger, WWZ, University of Basel References 6
B Overarching Topics of LCA 9
2 System Boundaries 11
Klaus Biichel, FA T Tiinikon
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Choosing the System Boundaries 12
2.2.1 Basic Considerations 12
2.2.2 The Time Aspect Period of Analysis 15
2.2.3 Space or Geographical Aspects 18
2.2.4 Subject Aspects 19
2.3 How to Proceed in Defining System Boundaries 20
2.3.1 Rules for the Definition of System Boundaries 20
2.3.2 System Boundary Definition in the Case Study
«Beer Production 22
References 24
3 Allocation of Environmental Interventions 27
Christiane Maillefer, EM PA St. Gallen
3.1 Requirement for Allocation 27
3.2 Allocation Procedures 28
3.2.1 Products and Co Products . 29
3.2.2 What Should Be Allocated . 29
3.2.3 Allocation Rules 30
3.3 Allocation for Different Process Types 32
3.3.1 Multi Output Processes 32
3.3.2 Multi Input Processes 33
3.3.3 Open Loop Recycling 33
3.3.4 Special Cases 35
3.3.5 Case Study KOPO 35
3.4 Conclusions 36
References 37
v
Contents
4 Background Inventory Data 39
Martin Menard, Rolf Frischknecht Peter Zimmerman/I,
ETH Ziirich
4.1 Introduction 39
4.2 What Are Background Inventory Data
and Why Are they Needed? 39
4.3 Requirements 42
4.3.1 What Are the Most Important Requirements for BID? ... 42
4.3.2 What Are the Requirements tor Institutions Publishing BID? 43
4.4 BID Established by KOPO Projects 44
4.4.1 Agriculture 45
4.4.2 Food Products 46
4.4.3 Transport 46
4.4.4 Downstream 47
4.5 Conclusions 47
References 49
5 Imprecision and Uncertainty in LCA 51
Christian Pohl, Matjaz Ros, Beate Waldeck Fredy Dinkel,
Carbotech Ltd. Basel
5.1 Introduction 51
5.2 Types of Imprecision and Uncertainties in LCA 52
5.2.1 Stochastic (Statistical) Errors 52
5.2.2 Exact Error Intervals 53
5.2.3 Vague Error Intervals (Fuzzy Intervals) 54
5.2.4 Systematic Errors 54
5.2.5 Intrinsically Vague Data (Intrinsic Fuzzy Data) 54
5.2.6 Missing Data 55
5.3 Sources of Imprecision in LCA 56
5.3.1 Inventory Analysis 56
5.3.2 Classification 58
5.3.3 Valuation 59
5.4 Handling of Imprecision and Uncertainty 62
5.4.1 Handling of Systematic Errors 62
5.4.2 Handling of Stochastic Errors 62
5.4.3 Handling of Error Intervals 63
5.4.4 Handling of Intrinsically Vague Data 64
5.5 Conclusions 66
References 67
VI
Contents
6 Relevant Environmental Interventions 69
Arthur Braunschweig, IWO, HSG St. Gallen
6.1 Introductory Remarks 69
6.2 Basic Approaches for Selecting
the «Relevant Interventions» 70
6.2.1 Issue Based 70
6.2.2 Legally Based 71
6.2.3 Based on the Relations Between Antropogenic and Geogenic
Emission Flows 71
6.2.4 Based on Availability of Process Data 72
6.3 The Importance of the Assessment Method for
Selecting the «Relevant» Interventions 72
6.4 How to By Pass the Limits of an Assessment System ... 73
6.5 Practical Considerations for Dealing with Limited
Resources: An Estimation Procedure 74
6.6 A Simple Example of the Estimation Procedure 75
6.7 Application of this Procedure as Cut Off Criteria for
Selecting the Relevant Processes 77
6.8 Outlook 78
References 78
7 The Software Tool EMIS 81
Freely Dinkel Matjaz Ros, Carbotech Ltd. Basel
7.1 Software Tools Necessary 82
7.2 Requirements for LCA Software 82
7.2.1 Performance Requirements 83
7.2.2 System Requirements 86
7.3 The Software Chosen 87
7.3.1 Basic Functionality 87
7.3.2 Literature Database 88
7.3.3 Compilation of an LCA 89
7.3.4 Desirable Developments 89
7.4 Summary 90
References 91
C Case Study 93
8 Case Study «Feldschlosschen» 95
Daniel Peter. INFRAS Ziirich
8.1 Goal Definition 95
8.2 Inventory Analysis 96
8.2.1 System Boundaries 96
VII
Contents
8.2.2 Allocation 98
8.2.3 Background Inventory Data 99
8.2.4 Data Quality 99
8.3 Impact Assessment 100
8.3.1 Environmental Scarcity Method (UBP Method) 100
8.3.2 CML Method 104
8.4 Conclusions 106
Appendix 1: Processes of the LCA «Feldschlosschen»
Beer 108
Appendix 2: Inventory Table Ill
References 129
D Environmental Management
of Production Sites 131
9 Eco Efficiency of LCA. The Necessity of a Site Specific
Approach 133
Stefan Schaltegger, WWZ, University of Basel
9.1 Efficiency of Environmental Management Tools 133
9.2 The Ecological Leverage Effect 135
9.3 Eco Efficiency of LCA 136
9.3.1 Recording. Uncertainty and Lack of Precision 136
9.3.2 Aggregation, Assessment and Other Problems 140
9.3.3 Inefficiency of the Present Approach of LCA 141
9.4 Possible Strategies to Improve the Present Approach
of Life Cycle Assessment 142
9.5 Summary and Conclusions 146
References 148
10 Managerial Eco Controlling 151
Stefan Schaltegger, WWZ, University of Basel
Andreas Sturm, Ellipson Ltd. Basel
10.1 The Concept of Eco Controlling 151
10.2 Module 1: Formulation of Goals and Policies 153
10.3 Module 2: Information Management 155
10.3.1 Environmental Information 155
10.3.2 Financial and Environmentally Induced Financial
Information 157
10.4 Module 3: Decision Support 159
10.4.1 Assessment of Environmental Interventions 159
10.4.2 The Eco Efficiency Portfolio 161
10.5 Module 4: Piloting and Implementation 163
VIII
Contents
10.6 Module 5: Communication 165
10.7 Conclusion and Outlook 165
References 166
E Conclusions 169
11 Summary and Conclusions 171
Stefan Schaltegger, WWZ, University of Basel
References 174
Appendices 177
Appendix A: Publications of KOPO Research Groups 179
Appendix B: Authors 182
Abbreviations and Acronyms 183
Index 185
IX
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| spelling | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? S. Schaltegger (ed.) ... Basel [u.a.] Birkhäuser 1996 XII, 187 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Synthesebücher Schwerpunktprogramm Umwelt Literaturangaben Recursos naturais e o ambiente (controle) larpcal Umwelt Environmental management New products Environmental aspects Product life cycle Environmental aspects Lebenszyklus Wirtschaft (DE-588)4215791-2 gnd rswk-swf Umweltbilanz (DE-588)4299127-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Umweltbilanz (DE-588)4299127-4 s Lebenszyklus Wirtschaft (DE-588)4215791-2 s DE-604 Schaltegger, Stefan 1964- Sonstige (DE-588)124202276 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007163213&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? Recursos naturais e o ambiente (controle) larpcal Umwelt Environmental management New products Environmental aspects Product life cycle Environmental aspects Lebenszyklus Wirtschaft (DE-588)4215791-2 gnd Umweltbilanz (DE-588)4299127-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4215791-2 (DE-588)4299127-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? |
| title_auth | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? |
| title_exact_search | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? |
| title_full | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? S. Schaltegger (ed.) ... |
| title_fullStr | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? S. Schaltegger (ed.) ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? S. Schaltegger (ed.) ... |
| title_short | Life cycle assessment (LCA) - quo vadis? |
| title_sort | life cycle assessment lca quo vadis |
| topic | Recursos naturais e o ambiente (controle) larpcal Umwelt Environmental management New products Environmental aspects Product life cycle Environmental aspects Lebenszyklus Wirtschaft (DE-588)4215791-2 gnd Umweltbilanz (DE-588)4299127-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Recursos naturais e o ambiente (controle) Umwelt Environmental management New products Environmental aspects Product life cycle Environmental aspects Lebenszyklus Wirtschaft Umweltbilanz Aufsatzsammlung |
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