The youth labour market in Britain: the role of intervention
This book assesses the efforts of successive British government policies to promote the vocational education, training and employment of young people. Based on extensive field research, it presents a comprehensive survey of this important and developing branch of labour economics. The author looks a...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | University <Cambridge> / Department of Applied Economics: Occasional paper
62 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This book assesses the efforts of successive British government policies to promote the vocational education, training and employment of young people. Based on extensive field research, it presents a comprehensive survey of this important and developing branch of labour economics. The author looks at the subject both historically and analytically, using an examination of human capital theory and the economic theory of training to provide a context for his research. He relates demographic, educational, economic and technological developments to the effects of successive government training and employment schemes on young people, on employers and on the national economy. He looks at the relationship between the attainment of skills by young people on official training schemes and the demand for skills, and goes on to examine the views of critics of government policies and the reactions of the trade unions Through a comparison with the alternative, no-policy position, Mr Deakin detects an erratic policy-learning process which has important implications for future government policy in this area |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 223 S. |
| ISBN: | 0521553288 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a This book assesses the efforts of successive British government policies to promote the vocational education, training and employment of young people. Based on extensive field research, it presents a comprehensive survey of this important and developing branch of labour economics. The author looks at the subject both historically and analytically, using an examination of human capital theory and the economic theory of training to provide a context for his research. He relates demographic, educational, economic and technological developments to the effects of successive government training and employment schemes on young people, on employers and on the national economy. He looks at the relationship between the attainment of skills by young people on official training schemes and the demand for skills, and goes on to examine the views of critics of government policies and the reactions of the trade unions | |
| 520 | |a Through a comparison with the alternative, no-policy position, Mr Deakin detects an erratic policy-learning process which has important implications for future government policy in this area | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of tables page xi
Preface and acknowledgements xv
1 Introduction 1
Investment in human capital 1
The economics of training 5
Features of the youth labour market 12
Broader macroeconomic considerations 14
Outline 15
2 Demographic structure, capacity and economic activity 20
Structure of populations 21
Demographic capacity, economic activity and participation 23
Population forecasts 23
Changes in demographic structure 25
3 Supply to the youth labour market 29
4 Vocational and educational training in historical perspective 36
Early government interventions to promote vocational training 36
Vocational education and training in the nineteenth century 38
Wartime training and employment 45
The inter war period: the beginning of the end of laissez faire 47
Training in the Second World War 56
The early post war period, 1945 60 58
The end of voluntarism 63
5 Direct government interventions: early schemes 70
Recruitment Subsidy for School Leavers 73
Youth Employment Subsidy 74
vii
mi contents
Work Experience Programme 75
Youth Opportunities Programme 77
6 The development of the modern system of youth training 82
Youth unemployment 82
A new training initiative 85
7 The first stage in the vocational education and training sequence 88
Technical and Vocational Education Initiative 88
Compacts 92
Three routes to post school education and training 94
8 Methodology of assessment 99
Microeconomic effects upon employment and employers 100
Strengths and weaknesses of these methods 102
Macroeconomic effects 104
9 An assessment of the economic effects of the Youth Training
Scheme upon employment and employers 107
The terms of the Youth Training Scheme (YTS) 107
The absolute and relative scales of the YTS 108
The microeconomic effects of YTS upon employment and
employers 111
10 Some macroeconomic effects of YTS 127
Methodology 127
Short term macroeconomic effects of YTS 130
A balanced budget approach 132
Longer term macroeconomic effects of YTS 133
11 The skill attainments of YTS trainees in relation to the
demand for skilled labour 135
Educational background 135
Attainment of qualifications by YTS trainees and the general
demand for skills from employers 138
Qualifications aimed at by YTS trainees 140
The supply of skills from the YTS in relation to the specific
needs of employers 142
Changes in the demand for labour: an occupational analysis 144
Contents ix
12 The devolution of intervention and the movement towards
quasi markets 148
Devolution 148
guasi markets 152
The quasi market for youth training services 155
13 Some critics of the government s youth training intervention 157
Lack of attainment of qualifications by YTS trainees 158
Reliance of YTS on free market forces 163
The priority of policies 164
Structural and management problems of YT 166
Summary 167
14 Collaboration and opposition from trade unions 168
Collaboration 169
TUC policy 169
The breakdown of collaboration 174
Divisions between the unions 175
The extent of union opposition 181
Appendix: List of acronyms used to refer to trade unions
in this chapter 182
15 Results and conclusions 184
Human capital theory and the economics of training 184
Quantitative obstacles to equilibrium in the youth labour
market 186
Youth labour quality: historical perspectives 187
New policies of intervention 188
Youth labour market policies 189
Policy reviews and appraisals 191
Skill attainments 195
The devolution of government intervention 197
Opposition to government intervention 198
General conclusion on government intervention in the youth
labour market 198
Appendix: Resource endowment 203
Land 203
Energy 205
Other natural resources 207
Engagement in export trade 207
Bibliography 209
Index 218
xn List of tables
1988/89 1992/93, England, all persons 34
4.1 Relative weekly pay of apprentices and journeymen fitters
in the engineering industry, 1909 and 1925, UK 51
4.2 Relative size of schemes for apprentices and learners in
the UK, 1925 51
4.3 Projections (made in 1926) of juveniles at age 16 and likely
to be occupied each year, 1926 39, GB 52
4.4 Rates of unemployment in the United Kingdom, 1928 38 54
4.5 Unemployment rates among insured juveniles and adults in
Great Britain, 1927 32 55
4.6 Engineering courses completed at Government Training
Centres, 1941 44 57
4.7 Number of technical college students in England and
Wales, 1937/38 and 1954/55 61
4.8 Rates of unemployment in the United Kingdom, 1948 61 61
4.9 The late schooling and training cohort of young people
aged 15 19, 1955 70, UK 62
4.10 Rates of unemployment in the United Kingdom, 1960 70 65
4.11 Number of Government Training Centres and the number
of places available at them, 1962 68 67
5.1 Unemployment in Great Britain, 1971 81 71
5.2 Number of unemployed school leavers compared with total
unemployment, 1955, 1960, 1965 and 1970 80, GB 72
5.3 Employment position after WEP, 1978 76
5.4 The Youth Opportunities Programme: number of entrants
and average number in training, 1978/79 1982/83 77
5.5 YOP entrants by type of scheme, 1978/79, 1980/81 and
1982/83 78
5.6 Subsequent experience of young people six months after
leaving YOP work experience schemes, 1980/81 1982/83 79
5.7 The qualifications and characteristics of YOP entrants,
1978/79 and 1980/81 80
5.8 Summary of assessments by the Department of
Employment of early direct government interventions in
the youth labour market, 1975 83 81
6.1 Comparative rates of unemployment of all workers, school
leavers available to the labour market and young people
aged 16 19 years, 1979 83, GB 83
6.2 Apprentices in training in Great Britain, 1965, 1970, 1975,
1980 83 and 1984 92 84
9.1 Number of young people in training on YOP and YTS,
1978/79 1990/91, GB 109
List of tables xiii
9.2 Trends in the educational and labour market status of
16 18 year olds, 1976 and 1981 90, GB 110
9.3 The industrial distribution of YTS trainees in training
compared with that of all employees in employment,
1985/86 and 1988, GB 112
9.4 The induced training effect of YTS by size of firm, 1986,
1987 and 1989, GB 115
9.5 The induced training effect of YTS compared with
concurrent changes in national employment,
unemployment and output, 1986, 1987, and 1989 116
9.6 The actual employment effect of YTS: the destinations of
YTS leavers, 1985/86 1991/92, GB 119
9.7 The actual employment effect of YTS on those taken into
training compared with the estimated no policy alternative
outcome, without YTS, 1986, 1987 and 1989, GB 120
9.8 Estimates of the actual benefit of YTS to participating
employers, 1987, GB 121
9.9 Estimated actual costs of YTS to participating employers,
1987, GB 122
9.10 Estimated actual net cost or benefit of YTS to participating
employers, 1987, GB 123
9.11 Estimated net cost or benefit of YTS to participating
employers after account has been taken of the costs and
benefits which would have arisen under the no policy
alternative, without YTS, 1987, GB 123
9.12 Estimated actual net cost or benefit of YTS to participating
employers compared with estimates of the net cost or
benefit which would have arisen under the no policy
alternative, without YTS, 1987, GB 124
10.1 First round macroeconomic effects of YTS by sector,
1986/87 128
10.2 Net effects on sector balances of £100m of government
expenditure on YTS, 1986/87 131
10.3 Sector balances with a balanced budget, 1986/87 132
10.4 Macroeconomic effects of YTS upon output, employment,
unemployment and retail prices. Annual averages for the
years 1984, 1985 and 1986, UK 133
11.1 Educational qualifications of 16 year olds by subsequent
educational or labour market status, October 1986,
England and Wales 136
11.2 Employers reasons for not participating in YTS. Sample
survey results, 1989, GB 137
xiv List of tables
11.3 The proportion of YTS/YT trainees who gained a full
qualification: all leavers, and completers only,
1984/85 1992/93, GB 139
11.4 Qualifications aimed at by YTS trainees, sample survey
results, 1989, GB 141
11.5 The demand for skilled workers and the supply from YTS
training, sample survey results, 1989, GB 143
11.6 The demand for labour: past and expected future changes
in the occupational structure, 1981 91 and 1991 2000, all
persons, GB 145
11.7 Annual number of higher education qualifications obtained
in the UK, 1980/81, 1983/84, 1986/87 and 1990/91 146
13.1 Internal and external labour market destinations of YTS
and YT leavers who obtained full time jobs,
1985/86 1990/91, GB 159
13.2 Participation rates in education and training, 16 year olds,
and the 16 18 age group, 1990, Group of Seven countries 162
13.3 Annual percentage of certain age groups qualified to Levels
2 and 3 of the National Vocational Qualification or
equivalent, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991 and 1992, UK 163
A.I Agricultural land in use: area and population densities,
1990, Group of Seven countries and the EEC(12) as a
whole 204
A.2 Degrees of self sufficiency in main types of staple
agricultural produce. Averages of data for the years 1988,
1989 and 1990, major European countries and EEQ12) as
a whole 205
A.3 Energy balance: primary energy production and inland
energy consumption in total and per head of population,
1990, Group of Seven countries and the EEC(12) as a
whole 206
A.4 Exports of goods and services, valued at current prices and
current purchasing power parities, related to total final
expenditure (TFE), 1990, Group of Seven countries 208
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| geographic | Großbritannien fes Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV010674106 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:56:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521553288 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007123073 |
| oclc_num | 32893347 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-Bo133 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-Bo133 |
| physical | XVI, 223 S. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | University <Cambridge> / Department of Applied Economics: Occasional paper |
| spelling | Deakin, Brian M. Verfasser aut The youth labour market in Britain the role of intervention B. M. Deakin Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1996 XVI, 223 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier University <Cambridge> / Department of Applied Economics: Occasional paper 62 This book assesses the efforts of successive British government policies to promote the vocational education, training and employment of young people. Based on extensive field research, it presents a comprehensive survey of this important and developing branch of labour economics. The author looks at the subject both historically and analytically, using an examination of human capital theory and the economic theory of training to provide a context for his research. He relates demographic, educational, economic and technological developments to the effects of successive government training and employment schemes on young people, on employers and on the national economy. He looks at the relationship between the attainment of skills by young people on official training schemes and the demand for skills, and goes on to examine the views of critics of government policies and the reactions of the trade unions Through a comparison with the alternative, no-policy position, Mr Deakin detects an erratic policy-learning process which has important implications for future government policy in this area Geschichte 1945-1996 gnd rswk-swf Arbeidsmarkt gtt Werkende jongeren gtt Berufsausbildung fes Bildungspolitik fes Gewerkschaft, Bildungspolitik fes Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer fes Arbeitsmarkt Jugend Politik Occupational training Government policy Great Britain Youth Employment Government policy Great Britain Berufsbildungspolitik (DE-588)4140637-0 gnd rswk-swf Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd rswk-swf Ausbildungsförderung (DE-588)4003681-9 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien fes Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Ausbildungsförderung (DE-588)4003681-9 s DE-604 Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 s Berufsbildungspolitik (DE-588)4140637-0 s Geschichte 1945-1996 z Department of Applied Economics: Occasional paper University <Cambridge> 62 (DE-604)BV001888044 62 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007123073&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Deakin, Brian M. The youth labour market in Britain the role of intervention Arbeidsmarkt gtt Werkende jongeren gtt Berufsausbildung fes Bildungspolitik fes Gewerkschaft, Bildungspolitik fes Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer fes Arbeitsmarkt Jugend Politik Occupational training Government policy Great Britain Youth Employment Government policy Great Britain Berufsbildungspolitik (DE-588)4140637-0 gnd Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Ausbildungsförderung (DE-588)4003681-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4140637-0 (DE-588)4028859-6 (DE-588)4003681-9 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | The youth labour market in Britain the role of intervention |
| title_auth | The youth labour market in Britain the role of intervention |
| title_exact_search | The youth labour market in Britain the role of intervention |
| title_full | The youth labour market in Britain the role of intervention B. M. Deakin |
| title_fullStr | The youth labour market in Britain the role of intervention B. M. Deakin |
| title_full_unstemmed | The youth labour market in Britain the role of intervention B. M. Deakin |
| title_short | The youth labour market in Britain |
| title_sort | the youth labour market in britain the role of intervention |
| title_sub | the role of intervention |
| topic | Arbeidsmarkt gtt Werkende jongeren gtt Berufsausbildung fes Bildungspolitik fes Gewerkschaft, Bildungspolitik fes Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer fes Arbeitsmarkt Jugend Politik Occupational training Government policy Great Britain Youth Employment Government policy Great Britain Berufsbildungspolitik (DE-588)4140637-0 gnd Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Ausbildungsförderung (DE-588)4003681-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arbeidsmarkt Werkende jongeren Berufsausbildung Bildungspolitik Gewerkschaft, Bildungspolitik Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer Arbeitsmarkt Jugend Politik Occupational training Government policy Great Britain Youth Employment Government policy Great Britain Berufsbildungspolitik Ausbildungsförderung Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007123073&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV001888044 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT deakinbrianm theyouthlabourmarketinbritaintheroleofintervention |