Mediating the message: theories of influences on mass media content
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
White Plains, NY [u.a.]
Longman
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 313 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0801312515 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Shoemaker, Pamela J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mediating the message |b theories of influences on mass media content |c Pamela J. Shoemaker ; Stephen D. Reese |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a White Plains, NY [u.a.] |b Longman |c 1996 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface to the Second Edition ix
Preface to the First Edition xi
CHAPTER 1 STUDYING INFLUENCES
ON MEDIA CONTENT 1
Some Definitions 4
A Rich History of Research 5
Media Sociology 5, The Hypothesis Approach 5, Theoretical
Perspectives 6
Building a Theory of Media Content 7
CHAPTER 2 BEYOND PROCESSES AND EFFECTS 11
The Traditional Focus of Communications Research /1
Level of Analysis 11, What Is Studied? 12, Major Communications
Studies 14, Textbooks 16
Why the Traditional Focus? 16
The Social Science Context 17, The Focus on the Individual 18,
The Focus on Audience and Effects 20
Summary 24
iii
IV CONTENTS
CHAPTER 3 ANALYZING MEDIA CONTENT 27
Why Is Content Important? 27
Content and Communication Theory Research 28
Categorizing Content 28, Our Focus on News and Entertainment 30
Measuring Content: How We Study It 31
Humanistic v. Behavioristic Traditions 31
Do Media Reflect Events? 33
Passive v. Active Conceptualizations 33, A Passive Role for the
Media: Media as Channels 33, An Active Role for the Media:
Media as Participants 36
Summary 38
CHAPTER 4 PATTERNS OF MEDIA CONTENT 41
Narrowing the Focus 41
Patterns of Content 42
Political Bias 42, Behaviors 44, Deviance 46, News Sources and
Topics 48, Geographic Patterns 49, Demographic Patterns 52
Unity of Content: Power/Culture Map? 57
Summary: Molding Social Reality 59
, «
CHAPTER 5 INFLUENCES ON CONTENT FROM INDIVIDUAL
MEDIA WORKERS 63
a
Background and Characteristics 66
Gender 66, Ethnicity 67, Sexual Orientation 69, Average or Elite!1 70,
The Evolution of Communication Careers 71, The Education of
Communicators 73, Effects of Media Professionals Backgrounds on
Media Content 78
Personal Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs 82
Personal Values and Beliefs 82, Personal Political Attitudes 83,
Personal Religious Orientations 86, Influences of Personal
Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs on Content 87
Professional Roles and Ethics 91
Professional Roles 92, Ethical Roles 95, Effects of Professional Roles
and Ethics on Content 101
Summary 102
CHAPTER 6 INFLUENCE OF MEDIA ROUTINES 105
Sources of Routines: Processor/Consumer/Supplier 108
Audience Orientation: Consumer 110
CONTENTS V
News Values 110, Defensive Routines 112, Audience Appeal and
Story Structure 114, Audience Routines v. Other Routines 115
Media Organization: Processor 117
Understanding Mr. Gates 117, Routines and the Organization 118,
Requirements of the News Perspective 119, Routine Reliance on
Other Media 122, The Pack v. the Exclusive 125, Television v. News¬
papers: How Do They Differ? 126
External Sources: Suppliers 127
Routine Channels 128, Official Sources 128, The Experts 130,
Presidential Manipulation of Routines 132, Adapting to Source
Bureaucracy 133, Routines in the Persian Gulf 134
Summary 137
CHAPTER 7 ORGANIZATIONAL INFLUENCES
ON CONTENT 139 f
Organization Level Questions 139
Macro Nature of Organizational Level 140, The Organization as
Conceptual Model 140, Organizational Questions: The Organization
Chart 142
Organizations and Their Goals 144
The Primacy of Economic Goals 145, Economics as Constraints 145,
Economics as Dictates 146, Economic Logic of the Media 149
The Organization: Roles and Structure 151
Media Organization Roles 151, Media Organization Structure 151,
Newsmaking as an Organizational Process 155, How the Larger Orga¬
nization Affects Content 156, Network Autonomy: De Facto or
De Jure? 158, The Case of Time Inc. 160, Newspapers: The Editor
as Manager or Journalist 160, Influence of Corporate Synergy 162,
Ownership and Policy 163, Changes in Corporate Ownership 164, Own¬
ership and Internal Slant: Newspapers 166, Multiple Media Owner¬
ship 167, Chain v. Independent Ownership 167, Cross Ownership 169
Control: How Is Power Exercised? 169
Control in the News Business 169, Breed s Social Control in the
Newsroom 171
Summary 172
CHAPTER 8 INFLUENCES ON CONTENT FROM OUTSIDE ;¦
OF MEDIA ORGANIZATIONS 175
Sources 178
The Journalist Source Relationship 178, The Selection of Sources 179,
Interest Groups 184, Public Relations Campaigns 186, Other Media
Organizations 189
Vi CONTENTS
Advertisers and Audiences 190
The Target Audience 191, Advertisers Muscle 194, Advertiser Created
Television Programming 197
Government Controls 199
First Amendment Freedoms 202, Regulations and Laws in the United
States 203, Government Policies and Actions 205
The Marketplace 209
Competition 209, Market Characteristics 211, Community
Relations 212, Institutional Affiliations 214
Technology 215
The Information Highway 216
Summary: Influences of Extramedia Forces on Media Content 219
CHAPTER 9 THE INFLUENCE OF IDEOLOGY 221
Ideology 221
Definition of Ideology 222, Ideological Values in Media 222,
Ideological Levels v. Other Levels 222
Media and Social Control 224
Media and Deviance 225, Deviance in the News 225, Media and
Boundaries 227
Power and Ideology: The Marxist Paradigm 228
Power and the Marxist Paradigm 228, Political Economy View 230,
Cultural Studies View: Hegemony 236
The News Paradigm and Hegemony 243
The Concept of Paradigm 243, Paradigm and Hegemony 244
The Case of A. Kent MacDougall 245
Background 245, A Paradigm Violation 246, The Paradigm, Repair,
and Hegemony 250
Summary 251
CHAPTER 10 LINKING INFLUENCES ON CONTENT
TO THE EFFECTS OF CONTENT 253
Domains of Mass Communication Research 253
Current Research Involving Content 253, Current Research That
Does Not Involve Content 255, Integrating Content and Effects
Studies 256
Why Integrate Content and Effects Studies? 257
Summary: How We Can Integrate Content and Effects Studies 258
CONTENTS Vii
CHAPTER 11 BUILDING A THEORY OF NEWS
CONTENT 261
Assumptions 261
Propositions about the Nature of Media Content 263
Hypotheses about Influences on Media Content 263
Individual Media Workers 263, Links between Influences from
Individuals and Those from Routines 264, Routines of Media
Work 265, Link between Routines and Organizational
Influences 266, Organizational Influences 266, Links between
Organizational and Extramedia Influences 268, Extramedia
Influences 268, Ideology 270
Future Research 270
References 273
Index 303
About the Authors 313
|
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| spelling | Shoemaker, Pamela J. Verfasser aut Mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content Pamela J. Shoemaker ; Stephen D. Reese 2. ed. White Plains, NY [u.a.] Longman 1996 XIV, 313 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Inhoudsanalyse gtt Massamedia gtt Massenmedien Medien Content analysis (Communication) Mass media Inhalt (DE-588)4161729-0 gnd rswk-swf Berichterstattung (DE-588)4005709-4 gnd rswk-swf Beeinflussung (DE-588)4005203-5 gnd rswk-swf Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd rswk-swf Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 s Beeinflussung (DE-588)4005203-5 s DE-604 Berichterstattung (DE-588)4005709-4 s Inhalt (DE-588)4161729-0 s DE-188 Reese, Stephen D. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007086812&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Shoemaker, Pamela J. Reese, Stephen D. Mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content Inhoudsanalyse gtt Massamedia gtt Massenmedien Medien Content analysis (Communication) Mass media Inhalt (DE-588)4161729-0 gnd Berichterstattung (DE-588)4005709-4 gnd Beeinflussung (DE-588)4005203-5 gnd Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4161729-0 (DE-588)4005709-4 (DE-588)4005203-5 (DE-588)4037877-9 |
| title | Mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content |
| title_auth | Mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content |
| title_exact_search | Mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content |
| title_full | Mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content Pamela J. Shoemaker ; Stephen D. Reese |
| title_fullStr | Mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content Pamela J. Shoemaker ; Stephen D. Reese |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content Pamela J. Shoemaker ; Stephen D. Reese |
| title_short | Mediating the message |
| title_sort | mediating the message theories of influences on mass media content |
| title_sub | theories of influences on mass media content |
| topic | Inhoudsanalyse gtt Massamedia gtt Massenmedien Medien Content analysis (Communication) Mass media Inhalt (DE-588)4161729-0 gnd Berichterstattung (DE-588)4005709-4 gnd Beeinflussung (DE-588)4005203-5 gnd Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Inhoudsanalyse Massamedia Massenmedien Medien Content analysis (Communication) Mass media Inhalt Berichterstattung Beeinflussung |
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