Antipsychotics: [with 47 tables]
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Handbook of experimental pharmacology
120 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 539 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 354060118X |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Antipsychotics |b [with 47 tables] |c contributors V. P. Bakshi ... Ed. J. G. Csernansky |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 539 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Handbook of experimental pharmacology |v 120 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Tranquillizing Agents |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Antipsychotische geneesmiddelen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Antipsychotic Agents | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Antipsychotic drugs | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mental Disorders |x drug therapy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Psychoses |x Chemotherapy | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Psychopharmakon |0 (DE-588)4047729-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pharmakologie |0 (DE-588)4045687-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Neuroleptikum |0 (DE-588)4041885-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |a Aufsatzsammlung |2 gnd-content | |
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| 689 | 2 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Csernansky, John G. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bakshi, V. P. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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ANTIPSYCHOTIC
S
CONTRIBUTORS
V.P. BAKSHI, M.E. BARDGETT, D.L. BRAFF, E.S
. BRODKIN, O. CIVELLI
J.G. CSEMANSKY, S.G. DAHL, M. DAVIDSON, A.Y. DEUTCH, H.S. FATEMI
W.O. FAUSTMAN, J.GERLACH, M.A. GEYER, J.GOLIER, A.A. GRACE, D.HARTMAN
A.L. HOFF, P.W. KALIVAS, A.R. KOREEN, J.F. LECKMAN, J. LIEBERMAN
C.J. MCDOUGLE, H.Y. MELTZER, S.A. MINCHIN, F. MONSMA, B.H. MULSANT
P. O DONNELL S.-O. OGREN, L. PEACOCK, B.G. POLLOCK, R. RANJAN,
B.L. ROTH, R.E. SEE B. SHEITMAN, N.R. SWERDLOW
EDITOR
J.G. CSERNAIISKY
SPRINGER
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES FOR ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
SUSAN
A.
MINCHIN
AND
JOHN
G.
CSERNANSKY.
WITH 1 FIGURE 1
A. INTRODUCTION 1
I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1
B. CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERNS OF EFFICACY
AND NEUROLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS 4
C. CLASSIFICATION BY CHEMICAL STRUCTURE 6
I. PHENOTHIAZINES 7
II. THIOXANTHENES 8
III. BUTYROPHENONES 9
IV. DIPHENYLBUTYLPIPERIDINES 11
V. INDOLES 11
VI. BENZAMIDES 12
VII. DIBENZAPINES 12
VIII. OTHERS 12
D. CLASSIFICATION BY POTENCY AND NONNEUROLOGIC
SIDE-EFFECT PROFILE 12
E. CLASSIFICATION BY PHARMACOLOGICAL MECHANISM 14
I. SELECTIVE DOPAMINE RECEPTOR D
2
ANTAGONISTS 15
II. COMBINED D
2
/D
3
ANTAGONISTS 16
III. COMBINED
DJ/D
J
ANTAGONISTS 16
IV. COMBINED 5-HT
2
-D
2
ANTAGONISTS 17
F. FUTURE CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES 17
I. SELECTIVE SEROTONIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS 18
II. PARTIAL D
2
AGONISTS 19
III. SIGMA SITE ANTAGONISTS AND EXCITATORY
AMINO ACID AGONISTS 19
IV. GABA-MIMETICS AND PARTIAL
BENZODIAZEPINE AGONISTS 20
G. CONCLUSIONS 20
REFERENCES 21
XII CONTENTS
CHAPTE
R 2
MOLECULAR MODELS AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
SVEIN
G.
DAHL
.
WITH 3 FIGURES 29
A. INTRODUCTION 29
B. STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS 29
C. NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTOR MODELS 32
D
. MOLECULAR MODELLING OF DRUG-RECEPTO
R INTERACTIONS 35
I. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS AROUND DRUG
AND RECEPTOR MOLECULES 35
II. MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF DRUG-RECEPTO
R INTERACTIONS 37
E. CONCLUSIONS 37
REFERENCES 39
CHAPTE
R 3
INTERACTION OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
WITH DOPAMINE RECEPTOR SUBTYPES
DEBORAH HARTMAN, FREDERICK MONSMA,
AND
OLIVIER CIVELLI
WITH 3 FIGURES 43
A. INTRODUCTION 43
B. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF DOPAMINE RECEPTOR SUBTYPES 43
I. GENERAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 44
II. THE DI FAMILY OF DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 44
1. THE DOPAMINE DJ RECEPTOR 46
2. THE DOPAMINE D
5
RECEPTOR 47
III
. THE D
2
FAMILY OF DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 47
1. THE DOPAMINE D
2
RECEPTOR 48
2. THE DOPAMINE D
3
RECEPTOR 49
3. THE DOPAMINE D
4
RECEPTOR 51
C. PHARMACOLOGY OF NEUROLEPTICS
AT RECOMBINANT DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 52
I. TRADITIONAL NEUROLEPTICS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 53
II. CLOZAPINE AND THE ATYPICAL NEUROLEPTICS 59
III. NEW ANTIPSYCHOTICS 63
1. OLANZAPINE: A SECOND-GENERATION
CLOZAPINE-LIKE COMPOUND 64
2. REMOXIPRIDE: A D
2
RECEPTOR-SELECTIVE
SUBSTITUTED BENZAMIDE 65
3. RISPERIDONE: A D
2
/5-HT
2
RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST 66
D
. FUTURE OUTLOOK AND HOPES FOR SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC DRUGS ...
67
REFERENCES 68
CONTENTS XIII
CHAPTER 4
ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL STUDIES
HOSSEIN
S.
FATEMI, HERBERT
Y.
MELTZER,
AND
BRYAN
L.
ROTH
77
A. INTRODUCTION 77
B. GLUTAMATE 78
I. GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS 79
II. GLUTAMATE HYPOTHESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA 79
III. GLUTAMATERGIC DRUGS 81
1. GLYCINE AND MILACEMIDE 81
2. UMESPIRONE 82
3. OTHERS 82
C. 7-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) 82
I. GABA RECEPTORS 82
II. GABA HYPOTHESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
AND CLINICAL STUDIES OF GABA-ERGIC DRUGS 84
D. ACETYLCHOLINE 85
I. ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS 85
II. MUSCARINIC HYPERACTIVITY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA? YY 85
E. NOREPINEPHRINE 87
I. A,-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR INVOLVEMENT
IN ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTIONS 88
F. CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK) 88
I. CCK-ERGIC DRUGS 89
1. LY262691 89
2. CAERULIN 89
3. OTHERS 89
G. NEUROTENSIN 89
I. NEUROTENSIN AND SCHIZOPHRENIA 90
II. EFFECTS OF ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
ON NEUROTENSIN SYSTEMS 90
H. SIGMA RECEPTORS 91
I. SIGMA RECEPTORS 91
II. PRECLINICAL STUDIES 92
III. SPECIFIC AGENTS 92
I. OPIOIDS 94
J. SEROTONIN 95
I. 5-HT RECEPTORS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA 96
II. SELECTIVE 5-HT
2A/2C
ANTAGONISTS 98
1. RITANSERIN 98
2. ICI169369ANDMDL100907 98
3. MIANSERIN 98
III. MIXED 5-HT
2
/D
2
ANTAGONISTS 98
1. CLOZAPINE 99
XIV CONTENTS
2. RISPERIDONE 99
3. MELPERONE 99
4. OLANZAPINE 100
5. AMPEROZIDE 100
6. FLUPERLAPINE 100
7. TIOSPERONE 100
8. ZOTEPINE 101
9. OTHERS 101
IV. 5-HT
3
ANTAGONISTS 101
V. NONSELECTIVE 5-HT RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS 101
VI. 5-HT REUPTAKE INHIBITORS 102
K. CONCLUSIONS 102
REFERENCES 103
CHAPTER 5
SITES AND MECHANISMS OF ACTIO
N O
F ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
AS REVEALE
D BY IMMEDIATE-EARLY GEN
E EXPRESSION
ARIEL
Y.
DEUTCH
. 117
A. INTRODUCTION 117
B. IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE EXPRESSION AS A METHOD
TO ASSESS THE SITES AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION
OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (APDS) 118
C. EFFECTS OF APDS ON IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE INDUCTION
IN THE STRIATAL COMPLEX 120
I. EFFECTS OF APDS ON REGIONALLY SPECIFIC STRIATAL
IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE EXPRESSION 120
1. DORSAL STRIATUM 120
2. VENTRAL STRIATUM 122
II. STRIATAL IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE INDUCTION:
FOS, FOS-RELATED ANTIGENS, AND OTHERS 123
1. FOS VERSUS FRAS 123
2. OTHER IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENES 125
III. MECHANISMS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG-ELICITED STRIATAL
FOS EXPRESSION 126
1. DOPAMINE RECEPTORS AND APD-ELICITED INCREASES
IN STRIATAL FOS 126
A) D
2
DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 126
B) D
, DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 127
C) CONCURRENT D
2
/DI RECEPTOR OCCUPANCY
AND STRIATAL FOS EXPRESSION 128
2. INVOLVEMENT OF EXCITATORY AMINO ACID RECEPTORS
IN NEUROLEPTIC-ELICITED STRIATAL FOS EXPRESSION 129
CONTENTS XV
3. CHOLINERGIC AND ADENOSINE RECEPTORS 130
A) MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS 130
B) ADENOSINE A
2
RECEPTORS 131
IV. ACUTE VERSUS CHRONIC EFFECTS OF APDS
ON STRIATAL FOS EXPRESSION 131
V. WHAT IS THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL TARGET
OF APD-ELICITED STRIATAL FOS EXPRESSION? 132
1. NEUROTENSIN 133
2. ENKEPHALIN 134
3. GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE 135
D. PREFERENTIAL INDUCTION OF FOS IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC)
BY CLOZAPINE 135
I. REGIONAL EFFECTS OF APDS ON FOS EXPRESSION
IN THE PFC 136
1. EFFECTS OF APDS ON FOS EXPRESSION
IN THE MEDIAL PFC 136
2. CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PFC EXPRESSION
AND CLINICAL STATUS 137
II. RECEPTOR MECHANISMS OF CLOZAPINE-ELICITED INCREASE
IN PFC FOS EXPRESSION 138
1. D! AND D
2
DOPAMINE (DA) RECEPTORS
AND CLOZAPINE-ELICITED FOS EXPRESSION 138
2. NONDOPAMINERGIC RECEPTORS
AND THE PFC FOS RESPONSE TO CLOZAPINE 140
3. MECHANISMS OF CLOZAPINE-ELICITED INCREASES
IN PFC FOS EXPRESSION 141
A) POSSIBLE ROLE OF A NOVEL DA RECEPTOR
IN MEDIATING CLOZAPINE-ELICITED EFFECTS 141
B) TARGETING OF MULTIPLE RECEPTORS 143
C) TRANSSYNAPTIC EVENTS AS A POSSIBLE DETERMINANT
OF CLOZAPINE-INDUCED CHANGES 143
III. TRANSCRIPTIONAL TARGETS OF CLOZAPINE S ACTIONS
IN THE PFC 144
E. EFFECTS OF APDS ON IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE EXPRESSION
IN OTHER CNS SITES 145
I. THALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS 145
II. LATERAL SEPTAL NUCLEUS 147
III. OTHER CNS REGIONS 147
F. CONCLUSIONS 148
I. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 149
II. VALIDITY OF FOS EXPRESSION AS A MODEL
OF THE ACTIONS OF APDS 150
III. FUTURE DIRECTIONS 150
REFERENCES 151
XVI CONTENTS
CHAPTE
R 6
BASIC NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION
PATRICIO O DONNEL
L
AND
ANTHONY
A.
GRACE.
WITH 9 FIGURES 163
A. INTRODUCTION 163
B. THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA 163
I. ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS AS D
2
BLOCKERS 163
II. SHORTCOMINGS OF THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS 164
C. ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 165
I. DOPAMINE CELL IDENTIFICATION AND PHYSIOLOGY 165
II. ACUTE ACTIONS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
ON DOPAMINE CELL PHYSIOLOGY 167
1. ACUTE ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS INCREASE FIRING RATE 167
2. ACUTE ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ADMINISTRATION
INCREASES DOPAMINE CELL BURST FIRING 169
3. ACUTE ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG TREATMENT
INCREASE THE NUMBER OF DOPAMINE CELLS
FIRING SPONTANEOUSLY 171
D
. PHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG TREATMENT 171
I. TOLERANCE TO ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 171
II. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
AND DOPAMINE CELL DEPOLARIZATION BLOCK 172
III
. ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING
TO DEPOLARIZATION BLOCK: COMPENSATORY SYSTEMS
INVOLVED IN THE RECOVERY OF FUNCTION
AFTER DOPAMINE LESIONS 175
E. DUAL MODE OF DOPAMINE RELEASE: TONIC VERSUS PHASIC 177
F. . ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG TREATMENT AND ELECTROTONIC TRANSMISSION
WITHIN THE BASAL GANGLIA 181
I. DOPAMINERGIC CONTROL OF ELECTROTONIC COUPLING
IN THE STRIATUM 181
II. EFFECTS OF SUBCHRONIC TREATMENT WITH HALOPERIDOL
OR CLOZAPINE ON STRIATAL CELL DYE COUPLING
OBSERVED IN VITRO 185
III. EFFECTS OF SUBCHRONIC TREATMENT WITH HALOPERIDOL
OR CLOZAPINE ON STRIATAL CELL DYE COUPLING
OBSERVED IN VIVO 187
G. CONCLUSIONS 189
REFERENCES 191
CONTENTS XVII
CHAPTER 7
TOLERANCE AND SENSITIZATION TO THE EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
ON DOPAMINE TRANSMISSION
RONALD
E
.
SEE
AND
PETER
W.
KALIVAS.
WITH 1 FIGURE 203
A. INTRODUCTION 203
B. EFFECTS OF SINGLE ADMINISTRATION ON DOPAMINE
AND RELATED BEHAVIORS 204
C. EFFECTS OF REPEATED ADMINISTRATION
AND THE INDUCTION OF SENSITIZATION AND TOLERANCE 205
I. TOLERANCE 206
II. SENSITIZATION 209
D. ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS 212
E. CONCLUSIONS 213
REFERENCES 217
CHAPTER 8
THE BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY
OF TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
SVEN OVE OGREN.
WITH 1 FIGURE 225
A. INTRODUCTION 225
B. TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS 226
I. CONCEPTS AND NOMENCLATURE 226
II. ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS 228
III. BEHAVIOURAL TESTING PROCEDURES FOR TYPICAL
AND ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS 230
C. BASIC ACTIONS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
AND THEIR BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS 232
D. EFFECTS ON MOTOR FUNCTION 234
I. SPONTANEOUS LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY 234
II. CATALEPSY AND THE PAW TEST 236
E. EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS
ELICITED BY D
A RECEPTOR AGONISTS OR GLUTAMATE ANTAGONISTS ..
. 240
I. D-AMPHETAMINE (METHYLPHENIDATE)-INDUCED
BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS 240
II. APOMORPHINE-INDUCED BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS 245
III. PHENCYCLIDINE-INDUCED BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS 249
F. ACTION ON CONDITIONED AVOIDANCE 250
G. ANIMAL MODELS OF PSYCHOSIS AND ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS 255
H. CONCLUSIONS 256
REFERENCES 257
XVIII CONTENTS
CHAPTER 9
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION AFTER LESIONS TO THE HIPPOCAMPUS
OR FRONTAL CORTEX
MARK
E.
BARDGETT
AND
JOHN
G.
CSERNANSKY.
WITH 2 FIGURES 267
A. INTRODUCTION 267
B. MECHANISMS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 267
I. DOPAMINERGIC MECHANISMS 267
II. GLUTAMATERGIC MECHANISMS 270
C. NEUROPATHOLOGY AND ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 272
D. EFFECT OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROPATHOLOGY ON MECHANISMS
OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 273
I. ANATOMY 273
II. CONSEQUENCES FOR GLUTAMATERGIC MECHANISMS
OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 275
III. CONSEQUENCES FOR DOPAMINERGIC MECHANISMS
OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 277
1. DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 277
2. DOPAMINE TURNOVER AND RELEASE 277
3. DOPAMINE-MEDIATED BEHAVIORS 278
IV. SUMMARY 279
E. EFFECT OF FRONTAL CORTICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY ON MECHANISMS
OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 280
I. ANATOMY 280
II. CONSEQUENCES FOR GLUTAMATERGIC MECHANISMS
OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 281
III. CONSEQUENCES FOR DOPAMINERGIC MECHANISMS
OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION 281
1. DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 281
2. DOPAMINE TURNOVER AND RELEASE 281
3. DOPAMINE-MEDIATED BEHAVIORS 282
IV. SUMMARY 283
F. CONCLUSIONS 283
REFERENCES 284
CHAPTER 10
AN ANIMAL MODEL OF SENSORIMOTOR GATING DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
PREDICTS ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTION
N.R.
SWERDLOW,
D.L.
BRAFF,
V.P.
BAKSHI,
AND M.A.
GEYER
WITH 7 FIGURES 289
A. INTRODUCTION 289
I. FACE VALIDITY: ARE THE ELICITING STIMULI
AND RESPONSE PATTERNS OF PREPULSE INHIBITION (PPI)
SIMILAR ACROSS SPECIES? 291
CONTENTS XIX
II. PREDICTIVE VALIDITY: CAN THIS MODEL BE USED
AS A SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC SCREEN
OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC POTENCY? 291
III. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY: IS THIS MODEL CONSISTENT
WITH EXISTING CONSTRUCTS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA? 295
1. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY IN A NEUROCHEMICAL DOMAIN:
MESOLIMBIC HYPERDOPAMINERGIA 296
2. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY IN A NEUROANATOMICAL DOMAIN:
PPI AFTER MANIPULATIONS
OF LIMBIC CORTICOSTRIATOPALLIDOPONTINE CIRCUITRY 298
A) THE HIPPOCAMPUS 299
B) THE VENTRAL STRIATUM 300
C) THE VENTRAL PALLIDUM
AND PONTINE RETICULAR FORMATION 301
3. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY IN A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
DOMAIN: PPI AFTER ISOLATION REARING
OR NEONATAL BRAIN LESIONS 302
B. DISCUSSION 304
I. MODEL LIMITATIONS 305
II. MODEL STRENGTHS 306
C. CONCLUSIONS 307
REFERENCES 307
CHAPTER 11
PATTERNS OF CLINICAL EFFICACY FOR ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
JULIA GOLIER
AND
MICHAEL DAVIDSON
313
A. INTRODUCTION 313
B. RATING SCALES USED TO MEASURE NEUROLEPTIC EFFECT 313
I. BRIEF PSYCHIATRIC RATING SCALE 314
II. CLINICAL GLOBAL IMPRESSION 314
III. GLOBAL ASSESSMENT SCALE 315
IV. NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS AND RATING SCALES 315
1. METHODOLOGIC PROBLEMS IN THE MEASUREMENT
OF NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS 315
2. RATING SCALES USED TO MEASURE NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS
AND THE DEFICIT SYNDROME 315
A) POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE 316
B) SCALE FOR THE ASSESSMENT
OF NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS : 317
C) SCHEDULE FOR THE DEFICIT SYNDROME 317
D) QUALITY OF LIFE SCALE 318
V. RATING SCALES AND PHENOMENOLOGY 318
C. EFFICACY OF NEUROLEPTICS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 319
XX CONTENTS
I. EFFICACY IN THE TREATMENT
OF SCHIZOPHRENIC EXACERBATION 319
1. INTRODUCTION OF CHLORPROMAZINE 319
2. TREATMENT OF PSYCHOSIS 320
3. TREATMENT OF NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS 320
4. NEUROLEPTIC DOSE AND EFFICACY 321
II. EFFICACY OF MAINTENANCE NEUROLEPTIC TREATMENT 323
1. RELAPSE PREVENTION 323
2. NEUROLEPTIC DOSE AND EFFICACY 324
III. NEUROLEPTICS WITH SPECIAL PROFILES OF EFFICACY 326
REFERENCES 329
CHAPTE
R 12
EFFICACY OF NOVEL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
IN TREATMENT-REFRACTORY SCHIZOPHRENIA
HERBERT
Y.
MELTZER
AND
RAKESH RANJAN
333
A. INTRODUCTION 333
B. THE CONCEPT OF ATYPICALITY 334
C. ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS 335
I. CLOZAPINE 336
1. EFFECT ON PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 338
A) EFFECT ON POSITIVE SYMPTOMS 338
B) EFFECT ON NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS 339
C) EFFECT ON DISORGANIZATION SYMPTOMS 340
D) EFFECT ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION 340
E) EFFECT ON MOOD SYMPTOMS 341
F) EFFECT ON QUALITY OF LIFE 341
2. DURATION OF CLOZAPINE TRIALS 342
3. CLOZAPINE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 342
4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICAL EFFICACY
AND PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF CLOZAPINE 343
5. PREDICTORS OF RESPONSE TO CLOZAPINE 343
6. NONRESPONDERS TO CLOZAPINE THERAPY
AND AUGMENTATION STRATEGIES 344
7. DROPOUTS AND WITHDRAWAL FROM CLOZAPINE 345
8. COST-EFFECTIVENESS 345
II. RISPERIDONE 346
1. EFFECT ON PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 347
2. RISPERIDONE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 348
III. MELPERONE 348
IV. REMOXIPRIDE 348
V. AMPEROZIDE 349
CONTENTS XXI
VI. OTHERS 350
D. CONCLUSIONS 350
REFERENCES 351
CHAPTER 13
ANTIPSYCHOTIC-INDUCED SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO RECEPTOR AFFINITY
LINDA PEACOCK
AND
JES GERLACH.
WITH 1 FIGURE 359
A. INTRODUCTION 359
B. PREDICTABLE AND UNPREDICTABLE SIDE EFFECTS 359
C. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS 360
D. SIDE EFFECTS IN RELATION TO RECEPTOR AFFINITIES 362
I. SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO DOPAMINE D
2
RECEPTOR BINDING .
. 362
1. PSYCHOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS 362
2. ACUTE EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIDE EFFECTS (EPS) 364
3. TARDIVE EPS 364
4. HORMONAL SIDE EFFECTS 365
II. SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO DOPAMINE D
T
RECEPTOR BLOCKADE 366
III. SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO BINDING TO RECEPTORS
OTHER THAN DOPAMINE RECEPTORS 366
IV. SIDE EFFECTS WITH NO CERTAIN RELATION
TO RECEPTOR BINDING 367
1. NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME 367
2. AGRANULOCYTOSIS 368
E. OLDER ANTIPSYCHOTICS WITH TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL EPS PROFILES 368
F. NEWER ANTIPSYCHOTICS WITH TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL EPS PROFILES ...
. 371
I. DOPAMINE-SELECTIVE ANTIPSYCHOTICS 371
1. SULPIRIDE 371
2. OTHER SUBSTITUTED BENZAMIDES 373
3. DJ AND COMBINED DJ/D
2
DOPAMINE RECEPTOR
ANTAGONISTS 373
II. NEWER ANTIPSYCHOTICS
WITH DOPAMINE-SEROTONIN-NOREPINEPHRINE ANTAGONISM .
. 374
1. RISPERIDONE 374
2. ZIPRASIDONE 375
3. SERTINDOLE 375
III. MULTIPLE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS 376
1. CLOZAPINE 377
2. OLANZAPINE 379
3. SEROQUEL 379
4. ZOTEPINE 381
G. MANAGEMENT OF SIDE EFFECTS 381
XXII CONTENTS
I. PREVENTION 381
II. EARLY DETECTION OF SIDE EFFECTS 382
III. TREATMENT OF SIDE EFFECTS 382
H
. CONCLUSIONS 383
REFERENCES 383
CHPATER 14
BIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC TREATMENT RESPONSE
AMY
R.
KOREEN, BRIAN SHEITMAN,
AND
JEFFREY LIEBERMAN
389
A. INTRODUCTION 389
B. BIOCHEMICAL PREDICTORS 389
I. HOMOVANILLINIC ACID (HVA) 390
II
. DOPAMINE /3-HYDROXYLASE (DBH) 400
III. SEROTONIN (5-HT) 400
IV. NOREPINEPHRINE(NE) 403
V. PEPTIDES 409
C. BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO PSYCHOSTIMULANTS 409
D
. NEUROENDOCRINE STUDIES 411
E. NEUROIMAGING 419
I. STRUCTURAL BRAIN IMAGING 419
II. FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING 422
F
. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC PREDICTORS 423
I. GALVANIC SKIN CONDUCTANCE AND HEART RATE 423
II. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG
) 431
III. EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL (ERP) 431
IV. SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENTS 434
G. DISCUSSION 434
H. CONCLUSIONS 436
REFERENCES 436
CHAPTER 15
EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES
WILLIAM
O.
FAUSTMAN
AND
ANN
E
L.
HOF
F
445
A. INTRODUCTION 445
B. BIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF COGNITIVE DEFICIT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA ..
. 446
C. COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 447
D
. ANTICHOLINERGICS AND COGNITION 450
CONTENTS XXIII
E. DOPAMINE AND COGNITION 452
I. RELATED EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF DOPAMINE
IN COGNITION 453
II
. DOPAMINE AGONISTS, PREFRONTAL FUNCTION, AND COGNITION
IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 454
F. EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON COGNITION
IN HEALTHY NONPSYCHIATRIC SAMPLES 454
G. EFFECTS OF TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENT SAMPLES 456
I. METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS IN EXAMINING THE EFFECTS
OF NEUROLEPTICS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 457
1. LACK OF RANDOM ASSIGNMENTS TO GROUPS
IN STUDIES CONTRASTING GROUPS
OF MEDICATED AND UNMEDICATED PATIENTS 458
2. CORRELATIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS
AND NEUROLEPTIC DOSE OR BLOOD LEVELS
DOES NOT EQUAL CAUSATION 458
3. LACK OF ATTENTION TO SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE PATIENTS STUDIED 459
4. LACK OF STUDIES COMPARING MULTIPLE ANTIPSYCHOTICS
WITH DIFFERENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGIC PROFILES 459
5. USE OF RELATIVELY ACUTE DOSAGE STRATEGIES
IN PATIENTS RECEIVING LONG-TERM TREATMENT 460
6. LACK OF INFORMATION REGARDING THE DETAILS
OF THE STUDY 460
7. INCONSISTENT OR INAPPROPRIATE
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST SELECTION 460
H. THE EFFECTS OF STANDARD ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 460
I. ATTENTION/INFORMATION-PROCESSING MEASURES 461
II. EFFECTS OF TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
ON MEMORY FUNCTIONS 463
III. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFECTS ON MOTOR TASKS 464
IV. HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRIES
IN COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE PATTERNS 464
V. STANDARDIZED NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL BATTERIES
AND THE WECHSLER SCALES 465
VI. STUDIES EMPLOYING A COMBINATION
OF SELECTED COGNITIVE MEASURES 466
I. EFFECTS OF ATYPICAL AND RECENTLY DEVELOPED ANTIPSYCHOTICS
ON COGNITION 468
J. CONCLUSIONS 470
REFERENCES 471
XXIV CONTENTS
CHAPTE
R 16
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
EDWARD
S.
BRODKIN, CHRISTOPHER
J.
MCDOUGLE,
AND
JAMES
F.
LECKMAN
479
A. INTRODUCTION 479
B. INDICATIONS 479
I. AUTISM 479
II. TOURETTE
S SYNDROME 480
III. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER 482
IV. MENTAL RETARDATION 482
V. EARLY-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA 483
VI. CONDUCT DISORDER AND EXPLOSIVE RAGE 485
VII. ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 486
VIII. BIPOLAR DISORDER, MANIC PHASE 486
C. PHARMACOLOGY 486
I. PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS 486
II. BLOOD LEVELS 487
D
. MECHANISM OF ACTION 488
E
. THERAPEUTIC USE 489
F. USE IN PREGNANCY AND NURSING 489
G. SIDE EFFECTS AND TOXICITY 490
I. SEDATION, FATIGUE, AND DETERIORATION
OF BEHAVIOR 490
II
. COGNITIVE EFFECTS 490
III. ACUTE DYSTONIA 490
IV. TARDIVE DYSKINESIA 491
V. NEUROLEPTIC-INDUCED TICS 492
VI. PARKINSONISM, CATATONIA,
AND TH
E RABBIT SYNDROME 493
VII. AKATHISIA 493
VIII. NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME 494
IX. SEIZURE THRESHOLD 494
X. UNWANTED CARDIAC EFFECTS 495
XI. HYPOTENSION 495
XII. WEIGHT GAIN 495
XIII. OCULAR COMPLICATIONS 496
XIV. UNWANTED CUTANEOUS EFFECTS 496
XV. HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY FUNCTIONS -
ADVERSE EFFECTS ON GROWTH 496
XVI. HEPATIC COMPLICATIONS 497
XVII. HEMATOLOGIC COMPLICATIONS 497
XVIII. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION 497
XIX. ENURESIS 498
XX. NONDYSKINETIC WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS 498
CONTENTS XXV
XXI. OVERDOSAGE 498
H. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 498
REFERENCES 500
CHAPTER 17
USE OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS IN THE ELDERLY
BRUCE
G.
POLLOCK
AND
BENOIT
H.
MULSANT.
WITH 1 FIGURE 505
A. INTRODUCTION 505
B. INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE OF ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN LATE LIFE 505
I. NOSOLOGY OF LATE-LIFE PSYCHOSES 506
II. DELIRIUM 507
III. DEMENTIA 508
IV. SCHIZOPHRENIA 510
1. EARLY-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA IN OLD AGE 510
2. LATE-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA 511
V. DELUSIONAL DISORDER 511
VI. MOOD DISORDERS 512
1. PSYCHOTIC (DELUSIONAL) MAJOR DEPRESSION 512
2. BIPOLAR DISORDER (MANIA) 513
C. PHARMACOKINETICS 514
I. GENERAL CHANGES WITH AGE AND ILLNESS 515
1. ABSORPTION 515
2. DISTRIBUTION 516
3. METABOLISM 516
4. EXCRETION 517
5. NEED FOR INDIVIDUALIZED ASSESSMENT 518
D
. PHARMACODYNAMICS 518
E. CONCLUSIONS 520
REFERENCES 52(
SUBJECT INDEX
531
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV010620448 |
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| callnumber-search | QP905 RM33.5 |
| callnumber-sort | QP 3905 |
| callnumber-subject | QP - Physiology |
| classification_rvk | XI 1701 XI 5400 XI 5800 |
| classification_tum | MED 970f MED 925f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)33407061 (DE-599)BVBBV010620448 |
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| dewey-ones | 615 - Pharmacology and therapeutics 616 - Diseases |
| dewey-raw | 615/.1 616.89/18 |
| dewey-search | 615/.1 616.89/18 |
| dewey-sort | 3615 11 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV010620448 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:56:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 354060118X |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXV, 539 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
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| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Handbook of experimental pharmacology |
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| spelling | Antipsychotics [with 47 tables] contributors V. P. Bakshi ... Ed. J. G. Csernansky Berlin [u.a.] Springer 1996 XXV, 539 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Handbook of experimental pharmacology 120 Tranquillizing Agents cabt Antipsychotische geneesmiddelen gtt Antipsychotic Agents Antipsychotic drugs Mental Disorders drug therapy Psychoses Chemotherapy Psychopharmakon (DE-588)4047729-0 gnd rswk-swf Pharmakologie (DE-588)4045687-0 gnd rswk-swf Neuroleptikum (DE-588)4041885-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Neuroleptikum (DE-588)4041885-6 s Pharmakologie (DE-588)4045687-0 s DE-604 Psychopharmakon (DE-588)4047729-0 s Csernansky, John G. Sonstige oth Bakshi, V. P. Sonstige oth Handbook of experimental pharmacology 120 (DE-604)BV002390716 120 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007085312&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Antipsychotics [with 47 tables] Handbook of experimental pharmacology Tranquillizing Agents cabt Antipsychotische geneesmiddelen gtt Antipsychotic Agents Antipsychotic drugs Mental Disorders drug therapy Psychoses Chemotherapy Psychopharmakon (DE-588)4047729-0 gnd Pharmakologie (DE-588)4045687-0 gnd Neuroleptikum (DE-588)4041885-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4047729-0 (DE-588)4045687-0 (DE-588)4041885-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Antipsychotics [with 47 tables] |
| title_auth | Antipsychotics [with 47 tables] |
| title_exact_search | Antipsychotics [with 47 tables] |
| title_full | Antipsychotics [with 47 tables] contributors V. P. Bakshi ... Ed. J. G. Csernansky |
| title_fullStr | Antipsychotics [with 47 tables] contributors V. P. Bakshi ... Ed. J. G. Csernansky |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antipsychotics [with 47 tables] contributors V. P. Bakshi ... Ed. J. G. Csernansky |
| title_short | Antipsychotics |
| title_sort | antipsychotics with 47 tables |
| title_sub | [with 47 tables] |
| topic | Tranquillizing Agents cabt Antipsychotische geneesmiddelen gtt Antipsychotic Agents Antipsychotic drugs Mental Disorders drug therapy Psychoses Chemotherapy Psychopharmakon (DE-588)4047729-0 gnd Pharmakologie (DE-588)4045687-0 gnd Neuroleptikum (DE-588)4041885-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tranquillizing Agents Antipsychotische geneesmiddelen Antipsychotic Agents Antipsychotic drugs Mental Disorders drug therapy Psychoses Chemotherapy Psychopharmakon Pharmakologie Neuroleptikum Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007085312&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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