The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Pittsburgh
Center for Russian & East European Studies
1995
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The Carl Beck papers in Russian and East European studies
1103 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | II, 94 S. Kt. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 |c Glenn E. Torrey |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | supplies
remained. But there was still evidence of the once mighty Russian army in
Romania. As Antonescu put it, Moldavia was full of abandoned horses, cannon,
guns and wagons. 202
Conclusions
Because commentary has been offered along the way, only a few summary
remarks on the role of the revolutionary Russian army are necessary. First, the
effect of the Russians presence in Romania has been painted in colors altogether too
dark by most Romanian and Western accounts. Quite understandably, strong
emotions aroused by the Revolution and Russia s exit from the war led to the use of
such words as treason,
defection,H and criminal in describing the Russian action
and to stereotyping Russian soldiers as wild-eyed, brutish Bolsheviks. While there
are sufficient examples, as this study has shown, to underpin these images, they do
not accurately reflect the impact of the Russian army in Romania during
1917.
As
even Romanian leaders acknowledged repeatedly, many Russian soldiers fought hard
to defend Moldavia, and others were willing to man the trenches passively, making
possible the refitting of the Romanian army and its victories in the summer.
The emphasis upon the contribution of Russian revolutionaries to the military
collapse of the Romanian front has obscured their more indirect influence. For
example, although scholars have long recognized the impact of the Russian
Revolution on the timing of electoral and land reform in Romania, it has not been
made sufficiently clear that this influence was mediated not through news of events
in
Petrograd
but through the presence of over one million potential Russian
revolutionaries in Moldavia. Romania s leaders were moved to give these reforms
high priority by fear of, what their guests might provoke, Bit the same disorder
which induced reform^ eventually alienated Romania s soldier and
bringing the Revolution into discredit.
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Only those groups traditionally alienated from the mainstream of Romanian
nationalism, especially militant socialists and some Jews, welcomed the presence and
patronage of the Russian revolutionaries. For the Jews, the revolutionaries offered
protection and support against a legacy of persecution and discrimination which had
been exacerbated by the frustration of military defeat. Under the direct pressure of
Russian agitation, the Romanian government reluctantly took steps toward Jewish
emancipation. Probably more influential for the future was the world-wide attention
this agitation focused on the problem. At the same time, however, it must be pointed
out that the presence of Jews among the Russian revolutionaries fanned the coals of
Romanian anti-semitism.
For the socialists, the support of the Russian revolutionaries brought a breath
of new life and, briefly, the hope of radical political and social change. But the
relationship with the revolutionaries proved, ultimately, to be disastrous for the party,
creating a permanent split. The militants embraced Lenin and followed an anti-
nationalist program in regard to the war effort and Bessarabia. They went on to
form the Romanian Communist Party, which, like most interwar communist parties
in Eastern Europe, became a client of Moscow. This completed its alienation from
the Romanian people. The moderate socialists also suffered from guilt by association
and proved to be an ineffective political force in the interwar period.
There were also several unforeseen consequences of the behavior of the
revolutionary Russian army in Romania. Quite contrary to King Ferdinand s early
fears, the anti-dynastic agitation of the Russians actually strengthened
tűs
popularity.
A backlash developed which made the defense of the royal family an issue of national
pride for the masses and a point of honor for the army. As
Berthelot
perceptively
remarked after the revolutionary demonstrations in May, the dynastic question has
...been solved by the Russian agitators. 203
Also, it was the revolutionary disorder of the Russian army which
precipitated the Romanian occupation of Bessarabia in
1918.
Although a full
consideration of this issue lies beyond the scope of this study, it can be pointed out
that the initial entry of Romanian troops into the province was not motivated
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primarily by imperialistic covetousness but by the need to quell the disorder arising
from the disintegration of the Russian army and the appearance of Bolshevik military
formations which threatened Romanian supply lines and public order in Bessarabia.
The invitations of General Shcherbachev and the
Sfatul Ţării
(National Council) in
Chişinău,
as well as the urging of both the Allies and the Central Powers, convinced
a timid and reluctant Romanian government to act.204 The occupation of Bessarabia,
which called forth a Bolshevik declaration of war, was the climax of the conflict
between the Russian revolutionaries and Romania which began with the February
Revolution. The alienation created by the events of
1917
not only ended a
rapprochement between Russia and Romania, which had blossomed in
1914
and
borne fruit in the alliance of
1916,
but it reestablished a pattern of hostility between
them which has lasted for most of the twentieth century.
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|
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| discipline | Geschichte |
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| spelling | Torrey, Glenn E. Verfasser aut The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 Glenn E. Torrey Pittsburgh Center for Russian & East European Studies 1995 II, 94 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Carl Beck papers in Russian and East European studies 1103 Romania. Armata History World War, 1914-1918 Russia. Armii͡a History World War, 1914-1918 Geschichte 1917 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Campaigns Romania Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien Romania History 1914-1918 Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Geschichte 1917 z DE-604 The Carl Beck papers in Russian and East European studies 1103 (DE-604)BV000010740 1103 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007041100&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Torrey, Glenn E. The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 The Carl Beck papers in Russian and East European studies Romania. Armata History World War, 1914-1918 Russia. Armii͡a History World War, 1914-1918 Geschichte Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Campaigns Romania Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)4050939-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 |
| title_auth | The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 |
| title_exact_search | The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 |
| title_full | The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 Glenn E. Torrey |
| title_fullStr | The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 Glenn E. Torrey |
| title_full_unstemmed | The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 Glenn E. Torrey |
| title_short | The revolutionary Russian army and Romania, 1917 |
| title_sort | the revolutionary russian army and romania 1917 |
| topic | Romania. Armata History World War, 1914-1918 Russia. Armii͡a History World War, 1914-1918 Geschichte Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Campaigns Romania Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Romania. Armata History World War, 1914-1918 Russia. Armii͡a History World War, 1914-1918 Geschichte Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Campaigns Romania Erster Weltkrieg Rumänien Romania History 1914-1918 Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007041100&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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