The Canadian polity: a comparative introduction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Scarborough, Ont.
Prentice-Hall Canada
1995
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 557 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 013177395X |
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| adam_text | THE CANADIAN
POLITY
A COMPARATIVE INTRODUCTION
FOURTH EDITION
RONALD G LANDES
Saint Mary s University
Prentice Hall Canada Inc , Scarborough, Ontario
Brief Contents
List of Tables and Figures xiii
Preface to the Fourth Edition xiv
Acknowledgments xvi
PART ONE: THE NATURE OF GOVERNMENT AND
POLITICS
Chapter 1: The Comparative Study of Canadian
Government 5
Chapter 2: Political Analysis: Concepts and Principles 35
PART TWO: THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF THE
CANADIAN POLITY
Chapter 3: The Constitution and Federalism 75
Chapter 4: The Executive Branch of Government 127
Chapter 5: The Bureaucracy 171
Chapter 6: The Legislative Branch of Government 201
Chapter 7: The Judicial Branch of Government 251
PART THREE: POLITICAL PROCESSES AND
POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR
Chapter 8: Political Culture and Political Socialization 293
Chapter 9: The Electoral Process: Recruitment, Elections,
Voting 333
Chapter 10: Electoral Systems 375
Chapter 11: Political Parties 415
Chapter 12: Interest Groups 473
PART FOUR: EVALUATING THE CANADIAN
POLITICAL EXPERIMENT
Chapter 13: The Canadian Polity: A Comparative
Assessment 507
Constitution Act, 1982
Part 1: The Canadian
Bibliography
Name Index
Subject Index
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
V
Contents
PART ONE: THE NATURE OF GOVERNMENT AND
POLITICS
Chapter 1: The Comparative Study of Canadian Government 5
The Nature of Government 7
The Ubiquitous Nature of Government 7
The Multiple Nature of Government 8
The Expansive Nature of Government 10
The Necessary Nature of Government 17
The Varied Nature of Government 19
A Comparative Perspective on Canadian Government 26
Summary 28
Recommended Readings 29
Chapter 2: Political Analysis: Concepts and Principles 35
The Nature of Politics 38
Development of the Political Sphere in Western Society 39
Normative versus Empirical Definitions of Politics 40
Ideological Definitions of Politics 42
Basic Concepts of Political Analysis 47
Power and Influence 47
Political Resources 49
Political Authority 51
Political Language 54
Basic Principles of Political Analysis 57
Principle One — Political Theory versus Political Practice 57
Principle Two — Political Custom and Convention 58
Principle Three —Time and Political Change 59
Principle Four — Legal versus Political Decisions 60
Principle Five — Political Structures and Political Functions 63
Comparative Political Analysis 63
Approaches to Political Analysis 64
Comparing Political Systems 65
Problems of Comparing Political Systems 66
Summary 67
Recommended Readings 68
PART TWO: THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF THE
CANADIAN POLITY
Chapter 3: The Constitution and Federalism 75
Characteristics of Constitutional Government 76
Constitutional Elements 77
The Canadian Constitution 79
The Federal Division of Power 80
Additions to the Initial Constitutional Structure 86
The War Measures Act 86
The 1988 Emergencies Act 87
The 1960 Bill of Rights 88
The 1982 Constitution Act 90
Failed Constitutional Reform Efforts 96
The Meech Lake Accord 96
The Charlottetown Accord 100
The Evolving Constitutional Milieu 102
The Causes of Constitutional Evolution 103
Constitutional Amendment 1867-1982 104
Operating the Federal System 106
Financing Federalism 107
British Constitutional Practice 109
The American Constitutional Experience 112
Separation of Powers 113
Checks and Balances 114
Federalism 115
Bill of Rights 117
Comparing Constitutions 118
Summary 119
Recommended Readings 120
Chapter 4: The Executive Branch of Government 127
The Nature and Growth of Executive Power 128
Parliamentary Executives 128
Presidential Executives 130
Executive Branch Functions 131
The Formal Executive in Canada 132
Selecting the Formal Executive 133
The Administrator of Canada 134
The Privy Council 134
Functions of the Formal Executive 135
The Political Executive in Canada 139
Bases of Prime Ministerial Preeminence 140
The Prime Minister and the Cabinet 142
Cabinet Composition 145
Cabinet Organization 148
VI
The British Parliamentary Executive 155
The American Presidential Executive 159
Presidential Roles 160
The Vice-Presidency 163
Comparing Executives 164
Summary 166
Recommended Readings 167
Chapter 5: The Bureaucracy 171
The Nature of Bureaucracy 172
Bureaucratic Functions 173
Bureaucratic Characteristics 173
Questions for Analyzing Bureaucracies 174
Models of Decision-Making 175
The Rational-Actor Model 176
The Organizational-Politics Model 176 -
The Bureaucracy-Policy Nexus in Canada 178
The Process of Public Decision-Making: An Overview 179
Characteristics of Canadian Decision-Making 183
The British Bureaucracy: The Role of Whitehall 189
Ministerial-Departmental Relations 190
The Civil Service and Policy-Making 190
Policy-Making in the American Presidential System 191
The Impact of Political Culture 192
The Impact of Political Structure 192
The Policy Process — An Overview 193
The American Budgetary Process 195
Comparing Bureaucracies 195
Summary 196
Recommended Readings 197
Chapter 6: The Legislative Branch of Government 201
The Development of Legislatures 202
Parliamentary Sovereignty 203
Legislative Structure 205
Exercising Legislative Power: The Role of the Canadian House of
Commons 206
Structure of the House of Commons 207
The Speaker of the House 208
Party Organization 212
Committee Structure 213
The Passage of Legislation 215
Functions of the House of Commons 221
The Decline of Legislative Power: The Role of the Canadian
Senate 223
Structure of the Senate 223
The Selection Process 224
Functions of the Senate 226
viii
Reforming the Senate 230
The Legislature in Great Britain 232
The House of Commons 232
The House of Lords 235
The American Legislature 237
Legislative Organization 237
Legislative Procedures 241
Legislative Functions 243
Comparing Legislatures 244
Summary 245
Recommended Readings 247
Chapter 7: The Judicial Branch of Government 251
The Nature of Judicial Power 252
Judicial Independence 252
Judicial Review 254
Operating Principles 255
The Canadian Judicial System 256
Judicial Structure 257
Judicial Composition 258
Judicial Operation 261
Judicial Consequences 263
Charter Politics 266
The Court System in Britain 275
The American Judiciary 277
Judicial Structure 278
Judicial Composition 278
Judicial Operation 282
Judicial Consequences 283
Comparing Judiciaries 284
Summary 285
Recommended Readings 286
PART THREE: POLITICAL PROCESSES AND
POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR
Chapter 8: Political Culture and Political Socialization 293
Political Culture: Definition and Types 294
Types of Political Culture 294
The Canadian Political Culture 297
Elitism 297
Regionalism 299
Dualism 303
Continentalism 307
Canada as a Consociational Democracy 309
The Decline of Consociationalism 310
ix
The British Political Culture 312
The American Political Culture 314
Comparing Political Cultures 317
The Political Socialization Process 318
Political Socialization in Canada 319
The British and American Patterns 323
Consequences of Political Socialization 324
Summary 325
Recommended Readings 326
Chapter 9: The Electoral Process: Recruitment, Elections, Voting 333
The Nature of the Electoral Process 334
Factors Influencing Voting Behaviour 338
The Canadian Electoral Process 340
Political Recruitment in Canada 340
Canadian Elections 347
The Canadian Voter 352
The British Electoral Process 355
The British Voter 358
The American Electoral Process 360
The American Voter 363
Comparing Electoral Processes 365
Summary 367
Recommended Readings 369
Chapter 10: Electoral Systems 375
The Significance of Electoral Systems 376
Types of Electoral Systems 378
District Magnitudes 379
Electoral Formula 379
Drawing Electoral Boundaries 383
The Canadian Electoral System 384
Electoral Reform Proposals — The House of Commons 388
Electoral Reform Proposals — The Canadian Senate 390
Drawing Electoral Boundaries 391
Charter Politics 392
The British Electoral System 395
Electoral Reform Proposals 398
Drawing Electoral Boundaries 399
The American Electoral System 400
Drawing Electoral Boundaries 400
The Electoral College 402
Electoral Reform Proposals 407
Comparing Electoral Systems 407
Summary 409
Recommended Readings 410
Chapter 11: Political Parties 415
The Nature of Political Parties 416
The Origin of Parties 416
Party Functions 417
Party Types 418
Party Systems 420
The Canadian Party System 423
Characteristics of Canadian Parties 423
Characteristics of the Party System 428
The Selection of National Party Leaders 434
Party Finance 442
Party Functions 447
Comparing Parties and Party Systems 449
British Political Parties 450
American Political Parties 457
Political Opposition and Party Futures 464
Parties and Political Opposition 464
Political Party Futures 465
Summary 466
Recommended Readings 467
Chapter 12: Interest Groups 473
The Nature of Interest Groups 474
Why Interest Groups? 475
Types of Interest Groups 475
Interest Group Functions 477
Methods of Influence 477
Explaining Interest Group Success 478
Interest Groups Triumphant: The American Pattern 480
The Pattern of American Interest Groups 482
Interest Groups Incarnate: An Explanation 485
Interest Groups in Canada 486
Explaining the Canadian Pattern 492
The Pattern of British Interests 493
Types of Groups 494
Corporatism in Britain 495
The Decline of Corporatism 497
Comparing Interest Groups 497
Summary 498
Recommended Readings 499
PART FOUR: EVALUATING THE CANADIAN
POLITICAL EXPERIMENT
Chapter 13: The Canadian Polity: A Comparative Assessment 507
Comparing the Canadian, British, and American Political
Systems 508
xi
The Canadian Polity 508
The British Polity 509
The American Polity 510
Comparative Analysis 511
The Liberal-Democratic Nature of the Canadian Polity: Prospects
for Reform 512
Constitution Act, 1982
Part 1: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 517
Bibliography 523
Name Index 541
Subject Index 551
xu
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1 1 Parliamentary and Presidential Governments 25
Table 12A Combined Classification of Democratic Governments 26
Table 3 1 Basic Provisions of the 1982 Canada Act 91
Figure 3 1 Schematic Portrayal of Separate Institutions
Sharing Power 115
Figure 4 1 Canada s Executive Branch of Government 154
Table 7 1 The Canadian Supreme Court 1994 260
Table 7 2 The American Supreme Court 1994 281
Table 9 1 Canadian Election Results — 1988 and 1993 348
Table 9 2 Provincial Seats in the Canadian House of Commons 351
Table 10 1 Plurality Formula — Majority Victory 380
Table 10 2 Plurality Formula — Plurality Victory 380
Table 10 3 Canadian Election Results —
Table 10 4 Alternative Electoral Systems: 1988 and 1993 (Seats) 389
Table 10 5 British Election Results — 1979,1983,1987,1992 396
Table 10 6 Electoral College — Minimal Winning Coalition 403
Table 10 7 Electoral College — Creating Majorities 406
Table 11 1 Officially Registered Political Parties: Canadian Federal
Election 1993 421
Table 11 2 1993 Canadian Federal Election Results 431
Table 11 3 1990 Liberal Leadership Convention 441
Table 11 4 1993 Conservative Leadership Convention 442
Table 11 5 British Conservative Party Leadership
Selection —1975 453
Table 11 6 British Conservative Party Leadership
Selection —1990 453
Table 11 7 British Labour Party Leadership Selection — 1983 454
Table 11 8 British Labour Party Leadership Selection — 1993 455
Xl l l
|
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| title | The Canadian polity a comparative introduction |
| title_auth | The Canadian polity a comparative introduction |
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| title_full | The Canadian polity a comparative introduction Ronald G. Landes |
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