Environmental hazards & human health:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
Lewis Publ.
1995
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 306 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1566701333 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV010436427 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 19951020 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 951020s1995 ad|| |||| 00||| engod | ||
| 020 | |a 1566701333 |9 1-56670-133-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)31291502 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV010436427 | ||
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| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Philp, Richard B. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Environmental hazards & human health |c Richard B. Philp |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b Lewis Publ. |c 1995 | |
| 300 | |a 306 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Hygiène du milieu |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental Pollution |x adverse effects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental health | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Risk Assessment | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Umweltkrankheit |0 (DE-588)4131100-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Umweltkrankheit |0 (DE-588)4131100-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006954875 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124869875466240 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ^^^™ CONTENTS
1. Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology 1
Introduction 1
Pharmacokinetics 3
Absorption 4
Distribution 5
Biotransformation 7
Elimination 10 , .
Pharmacodynamics 12
Ligand Binding and Receptors 12
Biological Variation and Data Manipulation 14
Cumulative Effects 18
Factors Influencing Responses to Xenobiotics 20
Age 21
Body Composition 22
Sex 22
Genetic Factors 22
Presence of Pathology 25
Xenobiotic Interactions 26
Some Toxicological Considerations 27
Acute vs. Chronic Toxicity 27
Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis 29
The Role of Cell Repair and Regeneration in Toxic
Reactions 32
Response of Tissues to Chemical Insult 32
Fetal Toxicology 33
Teratogenesis 33
Transplacental Carcinogenesis 35
Review Questions 36
Answers 39
Essay Question 39
Further Reading 39
2. Risk Analysis and Public Perceptions of Risk 41
Introduction 41
Assessment of Toxicity vs. Risk 42
Predicting Risk: Workplace vs. Environment 42
Acute Exposures 42
Chronic Exposures 42
Very Low Level, Long Term Exposures 43
Carcinogenesis 43
Risk Assessment and Carcinogenesis 43
Sources of Error in Predicting Cancer Risks 46
Extrapolation of Animal Data to Humans 49
Natural vs. Anthropogenic Carcinogens 50
Reliablility of Tests of Carcinogenesis 50
Some Examples of Interconnected Systems 262
A Vicious Circle 264
Domino Effects of Global Warming 264
A Feedback Loop 264
Food Production and the Environment 266
Meat vs. Grain 267
The Environment and Cancer 270
Further Reading 270
14. Case Study Reviews 273
Case Study #1 273
Case Study #2 274
Case Study #3 274
Case Study #4 274
Case Study #5 275
Case Study #6 275
Case Study #7 115
Case Study #8 275
Case Study #9 276
Case Study #10 276
Case Study #11 277 •
Case Study #12 277
Case Study #13 277
Case Study #14 278 .
Case Study #15 278
Case Study #16 279
Case Study #17 280
Case Study #18 280
Case Study #19 281
Case Study #20 281
Case Study #21 282
Case Study #22 282
Case Study #23 283
Case Study #24 283
Index 285
i • .!.,.¦ .
Environmental Monitoring 51
Setting Safe Limits in the Workplace 51
Environmental Risks: Problems with Assessment and
Public Perceptions 54
The Psychological Impact of Potential
Environmental Risks 54
Costs of Risk Avoidance 56
Some Examples of Major Industrial Accidents and
Environmental Chemical Exposures with Human
Health Implications 57
Radiation 57
Formaldehyde 57
Dioxin CTCDD) 58
Some Legal Aspects of Risk 59
de Minimis Concept 59
Delaney Amendment 59
Statistical Problems with Risk Assessment 60
Review Questions 6l
Answers 63
Case Study #1 64
Case Study #2 64
Further Reading 65
3. Water Pollution 67
Introduction 67
Factors Affecting Toxicants in Water 68
Exchange of Toxicants in an Ecosystem
Factors (Modifiers) Affecting Uptake of Toxicants
from the Environment 68
Some Important Definitions 72
Acclimation 72
Bioconcentration 72
Biomagnification 72
Anthropogenic 72
Toxicity Testing in Marine and Aquatic Species 72
Water Quality 73
Sources of Pollution 73
Some Major Water Pollutants 75
Health Hazards of Chemical Water Pollutants 76
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 76
Chlorphenoxy Acid Herbicides 77
Organophosphates 77 i
Carbamates 77 f
Others 78
Acidity and Toxic Metals 78
Chemical Hazards from Waste Disposal 80
The Love Canal Story 80
Problems with Love Canal Studies 83
Toxicants in The Great Lakes and the Implications
for Human Health and Wildlife 83
Evidence of Adverse Effects on Human Health 85
Review Questions 87
Answers 88
Further Reading 89
4. Air Borne Hazards 91
Introduction 91
Types of Air Pollution 91
Gaseous Pollutants 91
Particulates 91
[ Smog 92
i Sources of Air Pollution 92
| Atmospheric Distribution of Pollutants 93
[ Movement in the Troposphere 93
i Movement in the Stratosphere 93
| Water and Soil Transport of Air Pollutants 94
Types of Pollutants 94
Gaseous Pollutants 94
Paniculate Pollutants 95
Health Effects of Air Pollution 95
Acute Effects 95
Chronic Effects 95
Air Pollution in the Workplace 95
Asbestos 96
Silicosis 97
Pyrolysis of Plastics 97
Dust 97
CO2 and NO2 97
Chemical Impact of Pollutants on the Environment 98
Sulfur Dioxide and Acid Rain 98
The Chemistry of Ozone 99
Chlorine 100
The Greenhouse Effect 101
Carbon Dioxide 101
Methane 102
Subtle Greenhouse Effects 102
Global Cooling 103
Sulfur Dioxide 103
Motor Vehicle Exhaust 103
Natural Factors and Climate Change 104
Remedies 106
Review Questions 107
Answers 109
Case Study #3 109
Case Study #4 109
; Case Study #5 109
i Case Study #6 110
| Case Study #1 110 ¦
[ Case Study #8 111 :
I Further Reading 112
5. Halogenated Hydrocarbons 113
Introduction 113
Early Examples of Toxicity from Halogenated
Hydrocarbons 113
Physicochemical Characteristics and Classes of
Halogenated Hydrocarbons 114
Antibacterial Disinfectants 114
Herbicides 115
Insecticides 122
Industrial and Commercial Chemicals 122
Solvents 124
Trihalomethanes (THMs) 125
Review Questions 127
Answers 128
Case Study #9 128
Case Study #10 129
Further Reading 129
6. Toxicity of Metals 131
Introduction 131 .
Lead (Pb) 132
Toxicokinetics of Lead 133
Cellular Toxicity of Lead 133
Fetal Toxicity 134
Treatment 135
Mercury (Hg) 135
Elemental Mercury Toxicity 136
Inorganic Mercurial Salts 136
Organic Mercurials 137
Mechanism of Mercury Toxicity 137
Treatment of Mercury Poisoning 138
The Grassy Narrows Story 138
Cadium (Cd) 140
Cadium Pharmacokinetics 140
Cadium Toxicity 141 •
Treatment 141 j
Arsenic (As) 141 1
Pharmacokinetics of Arsenicals 142
Toxicity 142 j
Treatment 142 I
Environmental Effects of Arsenic 143
Chromium (Cr) 143 ¦
Other Metals 143 ...,. I
Carcinogenicity of Metals 144
Unusual Sources of Heavy Metal Exposure 144
Review Questions 145
Answers 147
Case Study #11 147
Case Study #12 147
Case Study #13 148
Further Readino 14»
I
7. Organic Solvents and Related Chemicals 151
Introduction 151
[ Classes of Solvents 152
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 152
Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 152
Aliphatic Alcohols 153
i Glycols and Glycol Ethers 155
i Aromatic Hydrocarbons 155
; Solvent Related Cancer in the Workplace 156
Benzene 156
; Bis(chloromethyl) Ether (BCME) 157
Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Glycol Ethers 158
Ethylene Oxide (C2H4O) 158
Factors Influencing the Risk of a Toxic Reaction 159
: Nonoccupational Exposures to Solvents 159
i Review Questions 160
Answers 161
Case Study #14 l6l • :
Case Studies #15 and 16 161
Further Reading 162
8. Food Additives, Drug Residues and Other Food
Toxicants 165
Food Additives 165
Food and Drug Regulations 165
Artificial Food Colors 168
Emulsifiers 170
Preservatives and Anti Oxidants 170
Artificial Sweeteners 171
Flavor Enhancers 173
Drug Residues 174
Antibiotics and Drug Resistance 174
Allergy 179
Diethylstilbestrol 179
Natural Toxicants and Carcinogens in Human
Foods 183
Some Natural Toxicants 183
Natural Carcinogens in Foods 184
Others 185
Review Questions 186
Answers 188
Case Study #17 188
; Further Reading 189
i
r
9. Pesticides 191
Introduction 191
Classes of Insecticides 193
Organochlorines (Chlorinated Hydrocarbons) 193
Organophosphates 195
Carbamate Insecticides 196
HnMniVcil Tnserticides 197
Herbicides 197
Chlorphenoxy Compounds 197
Dinitrophenols 197
Bipyridyls 198
Carbamate Herbicides 199
Triazines 199
Fungicides 199
Dicarboximides 199
Newer Biological Control Methods 199
Government Regulation of Pesticides 200
Problems Associated with Pesticides 201
Development of Resistance 201
Multiple Resistance 201
Nonspecificity 202
Environmental Contamination 202
Balancing the Risks and the Benefits 202
Toxicity of Pesticides for Humans 203
Review Questions 204
Answers 205
Case Study #18 205
Case Study #19 206
Further Reading 206
10. Mycotoxins and Other Toxins from Unicellular
Organisms 209
Introduction 209 ¦¦¦ .
Some Human Health Problems Due to Mycotoxins 209
Ergotism 209
Aleukia 211
Aflatoxins 211
Fumonisins 211
Other Mycotoxic Hazards to Human Health 213 ;
Economic Impact of Mycotoxins 214 i
Fusarium Life Cycle 214
Zearalonone 215
Vomitoxin (Deoxynivalenol or DON) 215
Other Trichothecenes 215
Detoxification of Grains 215 ]
Species Differences in DON Kinetics 217 ;
Other Toxins in Unicellular Members of the Plant ;
Kingdom 218 I
Review Questions 219
Answers 221 s, .y ,,
Further Reading 221
11. Animal and Plant Poisons 223
Introduction 223
Toxic and Venomous Animals 224 i
Toxic and Venomous Marine Animals 224
Toxic and Venomous Land Animals 228
Toxic Plants and Mushrooms 232
Vesicants 232
Cardiac Glycosides 232 ,:
Astringents and Gastrointestinal Irritants
(Pyrogallol Tannins) 233
Autonomic Agents 233
Dissolvers of Microtubules 233
Phorbol Esters (e.g., Phorbol Myristate
Acetate, PMA) 233
Solanine and Chaconine 233 : . ;*»t •
Cyanogenic Glycosides 234
Review Questions 236
Answers 238 :
Case Study #20 238 , ¦¦ . .
Case Study #21 238 • . ..
Case Study #22 238
Case Study #23 239
Case Study #24 240
Further Reading 240
I 12. Radiation Hazards 243
I Introduction 243
f Sources and Types of Radiation 244
i The Cause of Radiation 244
| Sources 244
I Types of Radioactive Energy Resulting from
[ Nuclear Decay 245
! Measurements of Radiation 245
I Measures of Energy 245
Measures of Damage 246
i Some Major Nuclear Disasters of Historic Importance 247
Hiroshima 247
Chernobyl 248
Three Mile Island 248
The Hanford Release 249
Radon Gas: The Natural Radiation 249
Tissue Sensitivity to Radiation 251
Microwaves 252
Ultraviolet Radiation 253
Medical Uses of UV Radiation 253
Extra Low Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic
Radiation 254
Irradiation of Foodstuffs 256
Review Questions 257
Answers 258
Further Reading 258
13. Gaia and Chaos: How Things Are Connected 261
The Gaia Hypothesis 26l
Chaos Theory 261
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Philp, Richard B. |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)31291502 (DE-599)BVBBV010436427 |
| dewey-full | 615.9/02 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 615 - Pharmacology and therapeutics |
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| dewey-search | 615.9/02 |
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| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
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| id | DE-604.BV010436427 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:52:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1566701333 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006954875 |
| oclc_num | 31291502 |
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| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 306 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1995 |
| publishDateSearch | 1995 |
| publishDateSort | 1995 |
| publisher | Lewis Publ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Philp, Richard B. Verfasser aut Environmental hazards & human health Richard B. Philp Boca Raton [u.a.] Lewis Publ. 1995 306 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hygiène du milieu ram Environmental Pollution adverse effects Environmental health Risk Assessment Umweltkrankheit (DE-588)4131100-0 gnd rswk-swf Umweltkrankheit (DE-588)4131100-0 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006954875&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Philp, Richard B. Environmental hazards & human health Hygiène du milieu ram Environmental Pollution adverse effects Environmental health Risk Assessment Umweltkrankheit (DE-588)4131100-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4131100-0 |
| title | Environmental hazards & human health |
| title_auth | Environmental hazards & human health |
| title_exact_search | Environmental hazards & human health |
| title_full | Environmental hazards & human health Richard B. Philp |
| title_fullStr | Environmental hazards & human health Richard B. Philp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental hazards & human health Richard B. Philp |
| title_short | Environmental hazards & human health |
| title_sort | environmental hazards human health |
| topic | Hygiène du milieu ram Environmental Pollution adverse effects Environmental health Risk Assessment Umweltkrankheit (DE-588)4131100-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hygiène du milieu Environmental Pollution adverse effects Environmental health Risk Assessment Umweltkrankheit |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006954875&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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