Urban poverty in Asia: a survey of critical issues
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hong Kong [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
1994
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 305 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 019586770X |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124821240414208 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xiii
List of Boxes xiv
List of Contributors xv
List of Country Studies xvi
Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii
Chapter One
Introduction and Overview
Edwin S. Mills and Ernesto M. Pernia
Concept and Measurement of Poverty 3
Characteristics of Urban Poverty 5
Urban Poverty and Economic Growth 8
Critical Issues 11
Urbanization and Economic Development 11
Urban Labor Markets and Poverty 13
Social Infrastructure and Urban Poverty 15
Urban Housing and the Poor 18
Improving the Urban Environment 21
Country Studies 23
Bangladesh 25
India 27
Indonesia 30
Republic of Korea 31
Philippines 34
Sri Lanka 37
Thailand 41
Conclusion and Policy Implications 45
Notes 48
References 49
vii
Chapter Two
Issues of Urban and Spatial Development
Ernesto M. Pernia
Introduction 53
Trends and Patterns of Urbanization 54
Level and Pace of Urbanization 54
Urban Population Growth 57
Characteristics of Urban Systems 59
Urban Primacy and Dispersal Trends 59
Spatial Dispersal Policies 62
Megacities 64
Factors Associated With Urbanization 66
Income Level, Sectoral Growth, and Population Growth 66
Implicit and Explicit Spatial Policies 70
Conclusion and Policy Implications 71
Appendix Tables 74
Acknowledgements 75
Notes 75
References 77
Chapter Three
Urban Poverty and Labor Markets
Dipak Mazumdar
Process of Rural Urban Migration and Urban Poverty 81
Scale of Migration and Overurbanization Thesis 82
Economics of Rural Urban Migration 86
Urbanization and Pattern of Employment Growth 92
Labor Market Segmentation and Urban Poverty 94
Harris Todaro Model 94
Theory of Segmented Labor Markets 96
Empirical Evidence on Intra Urban Earning Differentials 98
Evidence on Intra Urban Earning Differentials in India 99
Labor Market Segmentation and Urban Poverty in India 100
Evidence on Intra Urban Earning Differentials
in Other Asian Countries 102
via
Theories of Intra Urban Wage Differentials 110
Policy Implications for Poverty Reduction 112
Promotion of Small Scale Enterprises 112
Government Policies to Promote Small Scale Enterprises 116
Increasing Employment Growth in the Formal Sector 117
Changing the Sectoral Composition of Public Investment 118
Conclusions and Suggestions for Research 119
Notes 121
References 121
Chapter Four
Social Infrastructure and Urban Poverty
Paul J. Gertler and Omar Rahman
Introduction 127
Distribution of Human Capital 131
Health Status 131
Health Care Utilization 136
Educational Attainment 138
Summary 141
Productivity of Human Capital 142
Health 143
Education 145
Impact of Health on Education 145
Incidence of Public Expenditures 146
Health 149
Education 153
Productivity of Government Investments 159
Demand for Health 160
Demand for Education 163
Fertility and Human Capital Accumulation 164
User Fee Financing 167
User Fees 167
Practical Options for Price Discrimination
in the Public Sector 170
Private Sector Delivery of Social Services 177
Conclusions 178
ix
Notes 183
References 184
Chapter Five
Urban Shelter, Municipal Services, and the Poor
Emiel A. Wegelin
Shelter 196
Demand and Supply 196
Functions of Housing 201
Shelter Related Municipal Services and the Poor 204
Lack of Access to Services 204
The Poor Pay More for Inferior Services 207
Inappropriate Pricing Policies and Delivery Standards 209
Need for Citywide Integrated Municipal Service Delivery 211
Nonmunicipal Services 211
Lessons, Issues, and Policy Concerns 212
Lessons from Public Housing 212
Enabling Approach 213
Sites and Services Approach 217
Housing Finance 218
Providing Municipal Infrastructure and Services 219
Ingredients for Success 219
Issues and Policy Concerns 221
Policy Options and Approaches to Financing 223
Strategies and Operational Measures for Donor Assistance 227
Notes 230
References 232
Chapter Six
Improving Urban Environmental Quality:
Socioeconomic Possibilities and Limits
Peter Nijkamp
The Concept of Sustainability 241
An Urban World and a Threatened Environment 241
The Spatial Dimension of Sustainable Development 245
The Concept of Sustainable Cities 250
x
Achieving Sustainability 256
Sustainability Issues in Developing Countries 256
Environmental Quality In Asia s Megacities 261
Policies 270
Framework for Environmental Policies 270
Critical Success Factors for Urban Sustainability 274
Feasible Urban Environmental Policies 278
Conclusion 285
Notes 287
References 287
List of Tables
Chapter One
1.1 Poverty Head count Ratios in Selected Asian
Developing Countries 24
Chapter Two
2.1 Level of Urbanization and Annual Change 56
2.2 Urban Population and Annual Growth Rates 58
2.3 Urban Primacy: Percentage of Urban Population
Residing in Urban Agglomerations 61
2.4 Population Size of Urban Agglomerations in Asia 65
2.5 Average Annual Rate of Change
of Urban Agglomerations 67
Appendix
2.1 Rural Population and Annual Growth Rates 74
2.2 Percentage of Total Population Residing
in Urban Agglomerations 75
Chapter Three
3.1 Urbanization in Different Regions 83
3.2 Predicted and Actual Values of U, 1980 85
3.3 Small Manufacturing Enterprises in Southeast Asia 104
3.4 Wage Differentials by Employment
and Establishment Size: Selected Southeast
Asian Countries 106
xi
Chapter Four
4.1 Health and Fertility Indicators in Selected Asian
Countries, 1986 132
4.2 Mortality of Children Under Five in Selected Asian
Countries, By Residence and Mother s Education,
Early 1970s 135
4.3 Life Expectancy by Age, Gender, and Marital
Status, Bangladesh 137
4.4 Health and Fertility Process Variables in Selected
Asian Countries, 1986 139
4.5 Population per Physician and Nurse in Selected
Asian Countries, 1984 140
4.6 Health and Fertility Indicators in Selected Asian
Countries, 1986 141
4.7 Mothers Using Various Health Inputs,
By Educational Status, Sri Lanka and Thailand, 1985 142
4.8 Mothers Using Various Health Inputs,
By Urban or Rural Residence, in Three Provinces
of the People s Republic of China, 1985 143
4.9 Utilization of Modern Health Providers,
Indonesia, 1987 144
4.10 Educational Attainment of Adults, Selected Asian
Countries, 1970 and 1985 146
4.11 Gross Enrollment Ratios by Level of Education,
Selected Asian Countries, 1970 and 1985 147
4.12 Operational Characteristics of Educational Systems,
Selected Asian Countries, Early to Mid 1980s 148
4.13 Composition of School and Reference Populations by
Socioeconomic Groups, Major World Regions, 1980s 152
4.14 Cohort Survival Rates in Elementary Education
by Socioeconomic Groups, Philippines, 1982 155
4.15 Proportion of Grade 1 Entrants Surviving First
10 Grades of Schooling, India, 1980 156
4.16 Proportion of Children in Different Age Groups
Attending School, by Household Expenditure
Quintiles, Area, and Region, Indonesia, 1987 158
4.17 Government Spending on Health in Selected Asian
Countries, Most Recent Year 160
xii
4.18 Distribution of Health and Family Welfare
Expenditure Between Urban and Rural Areas,
India, 1983 163
4.19 Indicators of Overall Educational Development,
Selected Asian Countries, Mid 1980s 166
4.20 Distribution of Public Spending on Education,
Selected Asian Countries, Mid 1980s 168
4.21 Average Public Subsidies Per Pupil, Selected Asian
Countries, Mid 1980s 171
4.22 Projected Distribution of Educational Attainment
and Cumulative Public Subsidies Among Members
of Current School Age Population, Selected
Asian Countries, Mid 1980s 172
Chapter Six
6.1 Incidence of Urban Poverty in Developing Countries,
1988 258
6.2 Health Impacts Attributed to Ambient Air
Pollution in Selected Cities 263
6.3 Incidence of Poverty and Marginal Settlements
in Four Asian Metropolises 270
List of Figures
Chapter One
1.1 Poverty Incidence and GDP Growth 9
1.2 Poverty Incidence Decline and GDP Growth 10
Chapter Two
2.1 Level of Urbanization and GNP Per Capita, 1990 68
Chapter Four
4.1 Infant Mortality Rate and Per Capita GNP,
Selected Asian Countries and World Trend, 1986 133
4.2 Female Life Expectancy at Birth and Per Capita GNP,
Selected Asian Countries and World Trend, 1986 134
4.3 Type of Health Care Used by Patients,
by Household Landholdings, Bangladesh, 1987 138
xiii
4.4 Health Expenditure by Source as a Percentage
of GNP, in Selected Asian Countries,
Most Recent Year 149
4.5 Health Subsidy Per Capita by Program,
Indonesia, 1990 151
4.6 Education Subsidy Per Capita by Program,
Indonesia, 1989 154
Chapter Six
6.1 Ranking of Megacities According to Population Size 243
6.2 Ratio of Population of Megacities to Urban Centers,
1950 2025 244
6.3 An Economic Ecological Interaction Systems Model 249
6.4 Air Pollution Data for Selected Asian Cities 264
6.5 A Pentagon Prism with Necessary Conditions
for Policy Success 279
List of Boxes
Chapter Four
4.1 Affordability of Medical Care in Indonesia 179
4.2 Affordability of Education in Indonesia 180
4.3 Geographic Price Discrimination in Indonesia 182
Chapter Six
6.1 Inadequacies in Water Supply and Sanitation
in Selected Asian Cities 272
6.2 Environmental Policy Guidelines 274
6.3 Economic Guidelines for Sustainability Strategies 281
xiv
List of Contributors
Paul J. Gertler
Associate Director and Senior Economist
Family in Economic Development Center
RAND Corporation
Santa Monica, California
Dipak Mazumdar
Principal Economist
World Bank
Washington, DC
Edwin S. Mills
Director, Center for Real Estate Research
and Gary Rosenberg Professor of Real Estate and Finance
J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management
Northwestern University
Evanston, Illinois
Peter Nijkamp
Professor
Faculty of Economics
Free University
Amsterdam
Ernesto M. Pernia
Senior Economist
Economics and Development Resource Center
Asian Development Bank
Manila
Omar Rahman
Associate Director and Social Scientist
Population Center
RAND Corporation
Santa Monica, California
Emiel A. Wegelin
Head
Human Settlements Economics Department
Netherlands Economic Institute
Amsterdam
XV
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| spelling | Urban poverty in Asia a survey of critical issues ed. by Ernesto M. Pernia 1. publ. Hong Kong [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 1994 XVIII, 305 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd rswk-swf Asien (DE-588)4003217-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Asien (DE-588)4003217-6 g Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 s DE-604 Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Pernia, Ernesto M. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006921749&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Urban poverty in Asia a survey of critical issues |
| title_auth | Urban poverty in Asia a survey of critical issues |
| title_exact_search | Urban poverty in Asia a survey of critical issues |
| title_full | Urban poverty in Asia a survey of critical issues ed. by Ernesto M. Pernia |
| title_fullStr | Urban poverty in Asia a survey of critical issues ed. by Ernesto M. Pernia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urban poverty in Asia a survey of critical issues ed. by Ernesto M. Pernia |
| title_short | Urban poverty in Asia |
| title_sort | urban poverty in asia a survey of critical issues |
| title_sub | a survey of critical issues |
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