Emerging patterns of innovation: sources of Japan's technological edge
Kodama uses the concept of a techno-paradigm shift to express the radical changes in the way technology has been and continues to be developed, applied, and commercialized over time. In analyzing data gathered over ten years of intensive research and study of Japanese firms, he distinguishes six dim...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, Mass.
Harvard Business School Press
1995
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Schriftenreihe: | The management of innovation and change series
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | Kodama uses the concept of a techno-paradigm shift to express the radical changes in the way technology has been and continues to be developed, applied, and commercialized over time. In analyzing data gathered over ten years of intensive research and study of Japanese firms, he distinguishes six dimensions along which the shift is occurring: manufacturing, business diversification, R&D competition, product development, innovation pattern, and societal diffusion of technology. He illuminates his discussion of each dimension with a profile of specific technologies and the companies that have advanced them, including consumer electronics (Sony and Toshiba), fiber optic cables (Sumitomo Electric), computers and communications equipment (NEC), machine tools (Fanuc), and automobile parts (Honda, Toyota, and Nissan) The concepts presented in Emerging Patterns of Innovation not only have implications for the competitive strategies of non-Japanese firms and the economic policies of their corresponding nations, but could also help promote important international alliances in technological development at both the business and the national levels. In particular, Kodama describes his vision of option sharing, through which it is possible to resolve the tensions between international cooperation and national autonomy as well as to promote a nonprotectionist, "plus-sum game" in technological innovation that would benefit the world as a whole |
Beschreibung: | XXVII, 297 S. |
ISBN: | 0875844375 |
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264 | 1 | |a Boston, Mass. |b Harvard Business School Press |c 1995 | |
300 | |a XXVII, 297 S. | ||
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490 | 0 | |a The management of innovation and change series | |
520 | 3 | |a Kodama uses the concept of a techno-paradigm shift to express the radical changes in the way technology has been and continues to be developed, applied, and commercialized over time. In analyzing data gathered over ten years of intensive research and study of Japanese firms, he distinguishes six dimensions along which the shift is occurring: manufacturing, business diversification, R&D competition, product development, innovation pattern, and societal diffusion of technology. He illuminates his discussion of each dimension with a profile of specific technologies and the companies that have advanced them, including consumer electronics (Sony and Toshiba), fiber optic cables (Sumitomo Electric), computers and communications equipment (NEC), machine tools (Fanuc), and automobile parts (Honda, Toyota, and Nissan) | |
520 | |a The concepts presented in Emerging Patterns of Innovation not only have implications for the competitive strategies of non-Japanese firms and the economic policies of their corresponding nations, but could also help promote important international alliances in technological development at both the business and the national levels. In particular, Kodama describes his vision of option sharing, through which it is possible to resolve the tensions between international cooperation and national autonomy as well as to promote a nonprotectionist, "plus-sum game" in technological innovation that would benefit the world as a whole | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804124787026427904 |
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adam_text | Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xv
Foreword xix
Preface xxv
Introduction 1
Techno Paradigm Shift 3
Research Methodology 12
Notes 15
Chapter 1 Manufacturing:
From Producing to Knowledge Creation 18
The Changing Investment Patterns of
Manufacturing Companies 19
An Analysis of Japanese Postwar Development 23
The Structure of the Metamorphosis 31
Flexible Manufacturing Systems 37
Managing the Knowledge Creating Company 41
Conclusion 50
Notes 51
Chapter 2 Business Diversification:
From Spin Off to Trickle Up Process 54
Diversification Trajectories 56
A Quantitative Analysis of Diversification 63
Sectoral Patterns of Diversification 69
Testing Hypotheses 76
Managing Trickle Up Diversification 83
v
vi Contents
Conclusion 95
Notes 96
Chapter 3 R D Competition:
From Dominant Design to Interindustry
Competition 99
High Tech Competition 101
A Dynamic Formulation of R D Programs 110
Identifying Other Patterns 118
Managing High Tech Competition 129
Conclusion 138
Notes 139
Chapter 4 Product Development:
From Pipeline to Demand Articulation 142
Demand Articulation 144
A National System of Demand Articulation 151
Modeling the Pipeline View 160
Modeling the Demand Articulation View 165
Social Learning 174
International Implications 179
Conclusion 183
Notes 184
Chapter 5 Innovation Pattern:
From Breakthrough to Technology Fusion 189
Comparing Nations Innovativeness 190
Japan s Growing Capability to Innovate 195
Characterization: Technology Fusion 199
A Graphical Representation 207
The Structure of High Tech Fusion 212
Technological Forecasting 221
Global Partnering 226
Conclusion 232
Notes 234
Chapter 6 Societal Diffusion:
From Technical Evolution to
Institutional Coevolution 237
Descriptive Evidence 240
Quantitative Evidence 248
Contents vii
Institutional Coevolution 256
Identifying the Diffusion Path 263
Environmental and Political Implications 268
Conclusion 273
Notes 275
Epilogue Techno Globalism by Option Sharing 278
Conventional Style 278
Japanese Nuclear Programs 279
A New Cooperation Scheme: Option Sharing 283
Notes 285
Index 287
About the Author 299
List of Figures
1 1 Cumulative distribution curves of R D/capital
investment ratios among the fifty largest manu¬
facturing companies 24
1 2 Change in moving correlation coefficients 31
1 3 Relationship between R D expenditure and
capital investment for selected projects in
1975 1985 32
1 4 Comparison in cumulative distribution curves
of R D/capital investment ratios between fabri¬
cation and material industries, 1987 35
1 5 Time change of cumulative distribution curves
of R D/capital investment ratios among fabri¬
cation companies 36
1 6 Time change of cumulative distribution curves
of R D/capital investment ratios among mate¬
rial companies 36
1 7 NEC tree 44
1 8 SEI bamboo innovation model 48
2 1 Development and marketing history of Sharp
LCD products 58
2 2 Trajectory of carbon fiber improvement 60
ix
x List of Figures
2 3 Commercialization of amino acids by
fermentation 62
2 4 Profile chart for diversification in the textile
industry 65
2 5 Measurement of diversification of major
industries 67
2 6 Ratio of R D expenditure in product fields out¬
side principal fields to total R D expense,
1975 1986 70
2 7 Identification of sectoral patterns 75
2 8 Relationship between downstream diversifica¬
tion and production growth 78
2 9 Relationship between export growth and up¬
stream diversification 81
2 10 Technological diversification history of SEI 86
2 11 CD and related technologies at Sony 90
2 12 MELCO s concurrent engineering of software
development for an electric utility 92
2 13 Toshiba s spiral innovation process of LCD 94
3 1 Summary chart of number of participants in
the U.S. automobile and mechanical typewriter
industries 102
3 2 Number of firms participating in the U.S. inte¬
grated circuits industry 103
3 3 Spiral innovation model of optical fiber cable 10
3 4 Selected examples of frequency distribution of
R D expenses outside principal product field H*
List of Figures xi
3 5 Three types of freezing rate function 121
3 6 Differences in three probability density
functions 122
3 7 Sequential versus overlapping phases of
development 132
3 8 Concurrent pursuit of sequential generations of
DRAMs 134
3 9 Three layered structure for semiconductor
development 135
3 10 NEC s concentration and diversification strat¬
egy based on its C C logo 137
4 1 Illustration of conversion from kana to kanji 148
4 2 Comparison of helical scanning with conven¬
tional system 150
4 3 Upstream linkages in Japanese VLSI
development 156
4 4 Changes in world market shares of Japanese
semiconductor related products 158
4 5 Frequency distribution of the number of partic¬
ipants in an IEA project 163
4 6 Difference between Poisson model and ob¬
served frequency 164
4 7 Frequency distribution of the number of partic¬
ipating firms in ERAs active in 1985 166
4 8 Frequency distribution of number of equip¬
ment manufacturers involved in joint patent
applications with NTT (three year moving
average) 169
xii List of Figures
4 9 Relation between benefit/cost ratio and cost
shared by NTT 171
4 10 Difference between observation and decreasing
function model 173
4 11 Time trend of ERAs established, 1961 1985 176
5 1 Percentage of NC machine tools to total pro¬
duction of machine tools 194
5 2 Production of machine tools in major
economies 194
5 3 Technological progress in optical communica¬
tions system 198
5 4 Diffusion curves of mechatronics technology 202
5 5 Chronology of mechatronics related laws 206
5 6 Calculation of threshold value for i th industry 210
5 7 Technology fusion graph for mechatronics,
1975 213
5 8 Technology fusion graph, 1970 215
5 9 Technology fusion graph for biotechnology,
1974 216
5 10 Technology fusion graph for new ceramics,
1982 219
5 11 Shift in percentage of positive responses 224
5 12 Complementary relationships in the Toshiba
Motorola partnership 228
6 1 Growth pattern in production of facsimiles 242
List of Figures xiii
6 2 International comparison of installed units of
facsimiles 243
6 3 Diffusion path of body CAT scanners by hospi¬
tal size 248
6 4 Two patterns of a diffusion path 263
6 5 Dynamic relation between emission regulation
and fuel economy improvement 270
List of Tables
I l Six dimensions of the techno paradigm shift 12
1 1 R D expenditures compared with capital in¬
vestment in major Japanese manufacturing
companies (average, 1985 1987) 20
1 2 Time series of R D expenditure compared with
capital investment for all Japanese manufactur¬
ing companies 22
1 3 Shift in cumulative distribution curves of R D/
capital investment ratios among the fifty largest
manufacturing companies 23
1 4 Percentage of R D expenditure for technology
digestion to the total R D expenditure in each
industrial sector 25
1 5 International comparison of major chemical
companies, 1992 28
1 6 Time series of moving correlation coefficient 30
1 7 The future trend in the relationship between
R D expenditure and capital investment 37
2 1 Classification of principal product fields for di¬
versification studies 64
2 2 Measurement of diversification, 1980 69
xv
xvi List of Tables
2 3 Measurement of direction of diversification,
1980 73
2 4 Downstream diversification and production
growth 77
2 5 Export growth and upstream diversification 80
2 6 Size comparison between Japanese and U.S.
electric utilities 91
3 1 Changes in the world s top ten chip makers 105
3 2 Classification of product fields and industrial
sectors 112
3 3 Statistical test of the dominant design pattern 118
3 4 Statistical test of the science based pattern 119
3 5 Statistical test of the high tech pattern I23
3 6 Results of sectoral identification 124
3 7 Measurement of science linkage in U.S. pa¬
tents, 1985 1989 126
3 8 Coincidence with selections by government
agencies 128
3 9 International comparison of financial strength
among major chemical companies ^
4 1 The world s top ten equipment manufacturers 15
4 2 Frequency of number of participants in an IEA
project 1^2
4 3 Difference between observation and binomial
model I64
4 4 Rival firms selected for analysis l66
List of Tables xvii
4 5 Frequency distribution of participation by se¬
lected rival companies, 1988 167
4 6 Number of joint patent applications 168
4 7 Difference between observation and values cal¬
culated by uniform distribution of z 172
4 8 Compatibility between ERA and large scale
projects 177
4 9 Industry s evaluation of government R D
policies 178
5 1 Comparison of the Gellman and Narin and
Frame studies 192
5 2 Ranking the status of R D among major
countries 195
5 3 Semiconductor market share of major U.S.
firms, selected years, 1957 1966 204
5 4 Mechatronics ratio and growth rate 205
5 5 Identification of threshold values 214
5 6 Number of respondents by field 222
5 7 Expectations for development across techno¬
logical fields 223
5 8 Classification of member enterprises by indus¬
trial sector per engineering research association 226
5 9 MITI projects with plural foreign participants,
1992 231
5 10 MITI projects with a single foreign participant,
1992 232
xviii List of Tables
6 1 Number of installed units of facsimiles by re¬
gion (thousands) 243
6 2 Number of CAT scanners installed in Japan as
of August 1988 245
6 3 United States Japan comparison in diffusion
rate of CAT scanners, 1984 246
6 4 Adoption rate of office equipment, 1988 247
6 5 Adoption rate of facsimiles by office size as of
1988 247
6 6 Diffusion of computer installation in prefectural
governments 252
6 7 Diffusion rates of computer utilization for task
categories 253
6 8 Test of logistic curve 255
6 9 Growth index of car registration compared to
other growth indices 256
6 10 Statistical test for size distribution 258
6 11 Comparison of the two time paths 265
6 12 Derived taxonomy of computer diffusion paths 266
6 13 Identification of highly N mode utilization 267
6 14 International comparison in energy and anti
pollution efficiency, 1987 272
E l Total nuclear and FBR budgets in major
countries 281
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record_format | marc |
series2 | The management of innovation and change series |
spelling | Kodama, Fumio Verfasser aut Emerging patterns of innovation sources of Japan's technological edge Fumio Kodama Boston, Mass. Harvard Business School Press 1995 XXVII, 297 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The management of innovation and change series Kodama uses the concept of a techno-paradigm shift to express the radical changes in the way technology has been and continues to be developed, applied, and commercialized over time. In analyzing data gathered over ten years of intensive research and study of Japanese firms, he distinguishes six dimensions along which the shift is occurring: manufacturing, business diversification, R&D competition, product development, innovation pattern, and societal diffusion of technology. He illuminates his discussion of each dimension with a profile of specific technologies and the companies that have advanced them, including consumer electronics (Sony and Toshiba), fiber optic cables (Sumitomo Electric), computers and communications equipment (NEC), machine tools (Fanuc), and automobile parts (Honda, Toyota, and Nissan) The concepts presented in Emerging Patterns of Innovation not only have implications for the competitive strategies of non-Japanese firms and the economic policies of their corresponding nations, but could also help promote important international alliances in technological development at both the business and the national levels. In particular, Kodama describes his vision of option sharing, through which it is possible to resolve the tensions between international cooperation and national autonomy as well as to promote a nonprotectionist, "plus-sum game" in technological innovation that would benefit the world as a whole Industriële vernieuwing gtt Innovations - Aspect économique - Japon Innovations - Diffusion - Japon ram Innovations - Japon ram Recherche industrielle - Japon ram Technische vernieuwing gtt Manufacturing industries Technological innovations Japan Technological innovations Economic aspects Japan Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd rswk-swf Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd rswk-swf Technologiepolitik (DE-588)4184587-0 gnd rswk-swf Japon - Innovations - Japon Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 gnd rswk-swf Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 g Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 s Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 s DE-604 Technologiepolitik (DE-588)4184587-0 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006899158&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Kodama, Fumio Emerging patterns of innovation sources of Japan's technological edge Industriële vernieuwing gtt Innovations - Aspect économique - Japon Innovations - Diffusion - Japon ram Innovations - Japon ram Recherche industrielle - Japon ram Technische vernieuwing gtt Manufacturing industries Technological innovations Japan Technological innovations Economic aspects Japan Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd Technologiepolitik (DE-588)4184587-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4066399-1 (DE-588)4059252-2 (DE-588)4184587-0 (DE-588)4028495-5 |
title | Emerging patterns of innovation sources of Japan's technological edge |
title_auth | Emerging patterns of innovation sources of Japan's technological edge |
title_exact_search | Emerging patterns of innovation sources of Japan's technological edge |
title_full | Emerging patterns of innovation sources of Japan's technological edge Fumio Kodama |
title_fullStr | Emerging patterns of innovation sources of Japan's technological edge Fumio Kodama |
title_full_unstemmed | Emerging patterns of innovation sources of Japan's technological edge Fumio Kodama |
title_short | Emerging patterns of innovation |
title_sort | emerging patterns of innovation sources of japan s technological edge |
title_sub | sources of Japan's technological edge |
topic | Industriële vernieuwing gtt Innovations - Aspect économique - Japon Innovations - Diffusion - Japon ram Innovations - Japon ram Recherche industrielle - Japon ram Technische vernieuwing gtt Manufacturing industries Technological innovations Japan Technological innovations Economic aspects Japan Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4059252-2 gnd Technologiepolitik (DE-588)4184587-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Industriële vernieuwing Innovations - Aspect économique - Japon Innovations - Diffusion - Japon Innovations - Japon Recherche industrielle - Japon Technische vernieuwing Manufacturing industries Technological innovations Japan Technological innovations Economic aspects Japan Wirtschaft Technischer Fortschritt Technologiepolitik Japon - Innovations - Japon Japan |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006899158&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kodamafumio emergingpatternsofinnovationsourcesofjapanstechnologicaledge |