Marine biology: an ecological approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Harper & Row
1993
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 462 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0065008227 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b Harper & Row |c 1993 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124758297542656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Marine Biology
An Ecological Approach
THIRD EDITION
James W Nybakken
California University at Hayward
and the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
w* YLarperCollmsCollegePublishers
Contents
Preface xi
1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 1
Properties of Water 1
Chemical composition 2
Physical and chemical
properties 2
Seawater 4
Basic Oceanography 8
Geography and geomorphology
of the oceans 8
Temperature and vertical
stratification 10
Water masses and circulation 11
Some Ecological Principles 17
Terms and definitions 17
Ecosystem components 17
Biogeochemical cycles 19
Biotic structure of
ecosystems 19
Ecological control and
regulation 22
2 PLANKTON AND
Terms and definitions 37
The Phytoplankton 38
Diatoms 38
Dinoflagellates 40
Larvae and Larval Ecology 23
Larval types and strategies 23
Larval ecology and community
establishment 26
Life history strategies 27
Comparison of Terrestrial and
Marine Ecosystems 29
Physical and chemical
differences 30
Life history differences 32
Structural and functional
differences 32
Division of the Marine
Environment 34
Major subdivisions of the world
ocean 34
Bibliography 35
The smaller phytoplankton 40
The Zooplankton 42
Copepods 42
Other zooplankton 44
PLANKTON COMMUNITIES 37
vi CONTENTS
Flotation Mechanisms 49
Principles 49
Reduction of overweight 49
Changes in surface of
resistance 50
Water movements 51
Primary Production 53
Primary productivity 53
Measurement of primary
productivity 54
Standing crop 56
Factors Affecting Primary
Productivity 57
Physical and chemical
factors 57
Light 57
Nutrients 60
Turbulence and critical depth 63
Geographical variations in
productivity 64
Temperate seas 64
Tropical seas 66
Polar seas 67
Productivity in inshore and
coastal waters 67
3 OCEANIC NEKTON 90
Composition of the Oceanic
Nekton 91
Environmental Conditions 93
Adaptations of Oceanic
Nekton 93
Buoyancy 93
Locomotion 96
Surface of resistance and body
shape 98
Defense and camouflage 100
Sensory systems 103
4 DEEP-SEA BIOLOGY 125
Zonation 126
Sampling the Deep Sea 127
Environmental Characteristics 132
Light 132
Pressure 132
The Ocean Ecosystem: The Classic
Model 68
Grazing 68
Copepod cycles 70
Copepod influence on Atlantic and
Pacific plankton community
ecology 72
Vertical migration 74
Seasonal succession in
phytoplankton 77
The Ocean Ecosystem: A Changing
Model 79
Microorganisms and
productivity 79
Nanoplankton, respiration, and
grazing 81
Bacteria, particulate, and
dissolved organic matter 81
The marine planktonic food
web 82
Spatial distribution of
plankton 82
The major plankton biomes 85
Bibliography 87
Echolocation 103
Reproduction and life cycle 105
Migrations 109
Special adaptations of marine
birds and mammals 112
Ecology of Nekton 115
Feeding ecology and food
webs 115
Ecological significance of
Cetacea 119
Bibliography 122
Salinity 233
Temperature 133
Oxygen 134
Food 135
CONTENTS Vii
Adaptations of Deep-Sea
Organisms 137
Bioluminescence in the deep
sea 144
Community Ecology of the
Benthos 147
Faunal composition 147
Community structure 148
Diversity 149
Life history patterns 152
Hydrothermal vent
communities 153
Midwater Community
Ecology 159
Deep scattering layers 159
Species composition and
distribution 159
Food and feeding 160
Life history patterns of midwater
organisms 162
Bibliography 163
5 SHALLOW-WATER SUBTIDAL BENTHIC ASSOCIATIONS 165
Coverage and definitions 165
Environmental Conditions 166
Unvegetated Sedimentary
Environments 167
Sampling 167
Infaunal associations 168
Community pattern and
structure 170
Community structure and
change 171
Vertical distribution and
competition 176
Community patterns, stability,
and variability 178
Rocky Subtidal Communities 181
Kelp Beds and Forests 186
Structure and distribution 186
Ecology and life cycle 189
Seagrass Communities 196
Composition and
distribution 196
Environmental conditions 197
Productivity 197
Structure and biological
interactions 198
Relationships to other
systems 200
Ecology 201
Some Special Communities 204
A sea pen community 204
A sea pansy community 205
Benthic Biology of Polar Seas 206
Physical conditions of the Arctic
and Antarctic regions 206
Biological comparisons of Arctic
and Antarctic seas 210
Ecological communities of polar
seas 211
Sea ice communities 211
Antarctic soft-sediment
community 211
Antarctic hard-bottom
community 213
Bibliography 216
6 INTERTIDAL ECOLOGY 219
Environmental Conditions 220
Tides 220
Temperature 223
Wave action 223
Salinity 224
Other factors 224
Adaptations of Intertidal
Organisms 225
Resistance to water loss 225
Maintenance of heat
balance 227
Mechanical stress 228
CONTENTS ix
Environmental Physiognomy and zonation 325
characteristics 323 Productivity 328
Composition and Interactions and food webs 331
distribution 324 Bibliographpy 333
9 TROPICAL COMMUNITIES 336
Coral Reefs 336
Reef distribution and limiting
factors 337
Structure of corals 338
Types of reefs 340
Origin of reefs 340
Composition of reefs 342
Coral distribution and reef
zonation 343
Atlantic and Indo-Pacific
reefs 347
Productivity 348
Biology of hermatypic
corals 349
Nutrition 349
Growth and calcification 350
Sexual maturity, reproduction, and
recruitment 352
Species interactions and ecology
of reefs 353
Competition 354
Predation 355
Grazing 358
Role of algae in reef systems 359
Ecology of reef fishes 360
Coral reef cryptofauna and
bioerosion 368
Catastrophic mortality and
recovery of reefs 369
Mangrove Forests 371
Structure and adaptations 371
Distribution 373
Physical conditions of mangrove
forests 373
Zonation 375
Associated organisms 377
Succession and mortality 380
Bibliography 382
10 SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Definitions and coverage 387
Symbiosis of Algae and
Animals 388
Types and composition of the
associations 388
Origin of the association 390
Distribution of algae-
invertebrate associations 390
Modifications resulting from the
association 390
Value of the association 395
Establishment and transmission
of algal symbionts 396
Symbiosis Among Animals 396
Types of associations 396
Origin of the association 403
Modifications due to the
association 405
Value of the association 407
Luminescent bacteria 408
Bibliography 409
11 HUMAN IMPACT ON THE SEA
Fisheries 410
Major fishing areas 411
Major commercial species 412
Sustainable yield and the
future 414
Overexploitation 416
x CONTENTS
Tragedy of the commons 419
Regulation 419
New fisheries 420
Mariculture 421
History and extent 421
Species cultivated 422
Yields 422
Problems and restrictions to
mariculture development 423
Pollution 423
Oil 423
Sewage and garbage 425
Chemicals 427
Radioactive wastes 429
Miscellaneous pollution
problems 430
Drugs from the Sea 432
Global Warming and Sea-Level
Change 432
Concluding Remarks 433
Bibliography 434
Glossary 437
Index 447
|
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| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0065008227 |
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| spelling | Nybakken, James W. Verfasser aut Marine biology an ecological approach James W. Nybakken 3. ed. New York u.a. Harper & Row 1993 XIII, 462 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Meeresbiologie (DE-588)4169246-9 gnd rswk-swf Meeresökologie (DE-588)4195671-0 gnd rswk-swf Meeresökologie (DE-588)4195671-0 s Meeresbiologie (DE-588)4169246-9 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006880024&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nybakken, James W. Marine biology an ecological approach Meeresbiologie (DE-588)4169246-9 gnd Meeresökologie (DE-588)4195671-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4169246-9 (DE-588)4195671-0 |
| title | Marine biology an ecological approach |
| title_auth | Marine biology an ecological approach |
| title_exact_search | Marine biology an ecological approach |
| title_full | Marine biology an ecological approach James W. Nybakken |
| title_fullStr | Marine biology an ecological approach James W. Nybakken |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine biology an ecological approach James W. Nybakken |
| title_short | Marine biology |
| title_sort | marine biology an ecological approach |
| title_sub | an ecological approach |
| topic | Meeresbiologie (DE-588)4169246-9 gnd Meeresökologie (DE-588)4195671-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Meeresbiologie Meeresökologie |
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