Evolution of the genetic code:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford u.a.
Oxford Univ. Press
1995
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| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford science publications
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 205 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0198547811 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Evolution of the
Genetic Code
SYOZOJ5SAWA
Executive Researcher, Biohistory Research Hall and
Emeritus Professor of Molecular Genetics, Nagoya University, Japan
This publication was supported by a generous donation from the
Daido Life Foundation
Oxford New York Tokyo
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS,
, 1995 -
Contents
list of plates
list of abbreviations
1 The genetic code—history
1 1 Introduction
1 2 The day before yesterday
121 Template hypothesis in early days
122 The overlapping code
123 The commaless code
124 The adaptor hypothesis
125 tRNA as an adaptor
126 Triplet nature and fixed reading frame of the code
127 The discovery of messenger RNA
1 3 Yesterday
131 The breakthrough
132 Deciphering the amino acid code
133 Termination codons
134 Initiation codons
135 The genetic code in vivo
136 The wobble hypothesis
137 tRNA
2 The structure of the universal genetic code
2 1 Codons
2 2 Codon-anticodon pairing rules
221G
222U
223I
224A
225C
23 Stop codons and release factors
2 4 Four-way wobbling versus the two-out-of-three mechanism
2 5 Role of nucleotide 37 in codon-anticodon pairing
251 U-started codons
252 A-started codons
253 C-started codons
254 G-started codons
xiii
xiv
Contents x
°» 2 6 tRNA identity 31
261 Organisms 31
262 Mitochondria 34
3 Anticodon composition 36
3 1 Bacteria 36
3 2 Chloroplasts and mitochondria 37
3 3 Resemblance between Mycoplasma spp and mitochondria 37
3 4 Eukaryotes 40
4 Codon usage 45
4 1 Genomic G+C contents and codon usage 45
411 Directional mutation pressure 45
412 Bacteria 46
413 Eukaryotes 51
414 Mitochondria 52
4 2 Codon selection by tRNA 53
4 3 Stop codon selection by release factors 56
5 Unassigned or nonsense codons 58
5 1 Genesis of unassigned codons from amino acid codons 58
5 2 Unassigned codons and stop codons 63
6 The evolving genetic code 71
6 1 The frozen-accident theory
6 2 After the frozen-accident theory
6 3 Distribution of non-universal codons and their translation
631 The nuclear code
632 The mitochondrial code
UGAforTrp
AUA for Met
AAA for Asn
AGR for Ser, Gly, or stop
CUNforThr
UAAforTyr
6 4 Mechanisms of code change
641 Codon capture theory
642 Codon capture
6 5 Nuclear systems
651 UGA from stop to Trp
652 UAR from stop to Gin
653 UGA from stop to Cys
654 CUG from Leu to Ser and as a reversal to Leu
xi
Contents
6 6 Mitochondrial systems
661 UGA from stop to Trp
662 CUN from Leu to Thr
663 AUA from He to Met
Yeast mitochondria
Metazoan mitochondria
664 AGR from Arg to Ser, Gly or stop
665 AAA from Lys to Asn; AUA from Met to He as a
reversal of He to Met; UAA from stop to Tyr
Selenocysteine is coded by UGA
7 1 UGA as a selenocysteine codon
7 2 Pathway of selenocysteine biosynthesis
7 3 Structure of selenocysteine tRNA
7 4 Translational context of selenocysteine UGA
7 5 Evolution of UGA-coded selenocysteine synthesizing system
RNA editing
8 1 Biological meaning of RNA editing
8 2 Green plant mitochondria
821 Is CGG for Trp in plant mitochondria?
822A model for the evolution of RNA editing
The appearance of RNA editing
Mutations at editable positions
Maintenance of RNA editing activity
8 3 Chloroplasts
8 4 Eukaryotic nuclear systems
8 5 Mitochondria
8 6 Insertion/deletion editing
Origin and early evolution of the genetic code
9 1 So many theories-
911 Abiotic synthesis of amino acids
912 Two different aspects of the evolution of the genetic
code
913 Stereochemical explanation of the origin of the genetic
code
914 RRY and RNY hypotheses
9 L5 RNA code
916 Ribozyme origin of the genetic code
917 Some other theories
918 Evolution of tRNA and amino acyl tRNA synthetase
919 Evolution of the ancient genetic code
9 1 10 Summarv
Contents xii
9 2 The early genetic code 153
9 3 From the early genetic code to the universal genetic code 155
931 Problems to be solved 155
932 Reduction in the numbers of Trp and Met codons 156
933 Introduction of the UGA stop codon 156
934 Reassignment of codon AUA for He 157
935 Evolutionary diversification of anticodons 157
936 Origin of inosine-containing anticodons 158
10 Amino acid composition of proteins and the genetic
code 161
10 1 Amino acid composition of proteins—the role of the
genetic code 161
10 2 Selection against the genetic code—functional constraint 162
10 3 Selection against the genetic code—constraint by directional
mutation pressure 165
10 4 Amino acid usage in proteins affects the levels of tRNAs 168
Epilogue 171
References 178
Index 199
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:50:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0198547811 |
| language | English |
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| publishDate | 1995 |
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| spelling | Osawa, Syozo Verfasser aut Evolution of the genetic code Syozo Osawa Oxford u.a. Oxford Univ. Press 1995 XII, 205 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford science publications Evolution Evolutionary genetics Genetic Code Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd rswk-swf Genetischer Code (DE-588)4156624-5 gnd rswk-swf Genetischer Code (DE-588)4156624-5 s Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006878511&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Osawa, Syozo Evolution of the genetic code Evolution Evolutionary genetics Genetic Code Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Genetischer Code (DE-588)4156624-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071050-6 (DE-588)4156624-5 |
| title | Evolution of the genetic code |
| title_auth | Evolution of the genetic code |
| title_exact_search | Evolution of the genetic code |
| title_full | Evolution of the genetic code Syozo Osawa |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of the genetic code Syozo Osawa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of the genetic code Syozo Osawa |
| title_short | Evolution of the genetic code |
| title_sort | evolution of the genetic code |
| topic | Evolution Evolutionary genetics Genetic Code Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Genetischer Code (DE-588)4156624-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Evolution Evolutionary genetics Genetic Code Genetischer Code |
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