Multinationals and employment: the global economy of the 1990s
Developed and developing countries, multinational enterprises, Central and Eastern Europe, Mexico, Indonesia, Japanese overseas direct investment.
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
Internat. Labour Office
1993
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Developed and developing countries, multinational enterprises, Central and Eastern Europe, Mexico, Indonesia, Japanese overseas direct investment. |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 325 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9221071057 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124748693635072 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface v
• Abbreviations xiii
• About the authors xv
• Acknowledgements xvi
Introduction 1
Parti: Global trends
1. Recent trends in foreign direct investment, 5
by RolfJungnickel
1. Introduction 5
2. The relative importance of the activities of MNEs 7
in the world economy
3. Regional trends 8
4. Sectoral and industrial distribution of FDI 22
5. Strategic changes: Mergers and acquisitions 25
6. Conclusions 26
2. Direct employment in multinational enterprises in industrialized and 33
developing countries in the 1980s: Main characteristics and recent trends,
by Aurelio Parisotto
1. Introduction 33
2. The main characteristics of direct employment in MNFs 34
3. Evolution and recent trends 46
4. MNE direct employment levels in host countries 54
5. MNE impact on labour markets in host countries: A few remarks 63
6. Conclusions 66
3. Employment effects of the changing strategies of multinational enterprises, 69
by James Hamill
1. Introduction 69
2. From multi domestic to global strategies 71
3. MNE strategies for the Single European Market 80
4. Export based to FDI strategies 87
5. Towards transnationality: A strategy for the 1990s? 88
6. Conclusions 92
i
vii
MULTINATIONALS AND EMPLOYMENT: THE GLOBAL ECONOMY OF THE 1990s 4. Cross border mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances, 95
by James Hamill
1. Introduction 95
2. Cross border trends in mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances 96
3. The main motivations behind the spread of mergers, acquisitions 100
and strategic alliances
4. Employment effects of cross border mergers and acquisitions 111
5. Conclusions 121
5. Growth and structural changes of Japanese overseas direct investment: 125
Implications for labour and management in host economies,
by Susumu Watanabe
1. Introduction 125
2. Growth and structural changes of Japanese ODI 125
3. The impact on host economies 132
4. Managerial practices and industrial relations 140
5. Conclusions 148
Appendix: Japanese statistics on foreign direct investment 153
Part 2: Regional trends
6. Local sourcing and indirect employment: Multinational enterprises in 161
northern Mexico,
by Noe Aron Fuentes E, Tito Alegria, Jeffery T. Brannon, Dilmus D. James
and G. William Lucker
1. Introduction 161
2. Evolution of the Mexican Maquila Programme 164
3. Changing characteristics of the maquila workforce 168
4. Mexican material inputs 172
5. Indirect employment 176
6. Recent policy initiatives 178
7. Summary and policy suggestions 181
7. Employment and national enterprises in Indonesia, 189
by Hal Hill
1. Introduction 189
2. Foreign investment in Indonesia: An overview 190
3. The Indonesian labour market 198
4. Foreign investment in the manufacturing sector 199
5. The impact of foreign investment: Wider issues 206
6. Conclusions 212
8. Effects of foreign direct investment on employment in the former 215
centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe,
by Martin K. Welge and Dirk Holtbriigge
1. Central and Eastern European economies in transition 216
2. The role of foreign direct investment as a potential catalyst for change 219
3. Labour market conditions 227
viii
CONTENTS 4. Labour legislation governing foreign direct investment 228
5. Employment effects of foreign direct investment 229
6. Concluding remarks 233
Part 3: Future issues
9. Multinational enterprises in the service sector: Conceptual and policy issues, 239
by Ana Romero
1. Introduction 239
2. The characteristics of services 241
3. The activities of service MNEs: Conceptual and policy issues 250
4. Social and labour issues 253
5. Conclusions 262
— i
10. The globalizing firm and labour institutions, 267
by Duncan Campbell
1. Introduction 267
2. The global firm and the motivations to go global 268
3. A new intra firm organization of production 272
4. A new inter firm organization of production 278
5. Global firms, local industrial relations 284
6. Concluding remarks 289
Part 4: Overview and conclusions
11. Overview and conclusions, 293
by Geoffrey Renshaw
1. Trends in foreign direct investment in the 1980s 293
2. MNEs and employment 295
3. Changing MNE strategies 298
4. The growth of FDI from Japan 301
5. MNEs in developing countries 304
6. FDI from the newly industrialized economies 308
7. New developments 311
8. Conclusions 316
List of tables
1.1 Shift in the United States FDI position. 1980 91 11
1.2 Sourccsof inward, directions of outward FDI of the United States. 1980 91 12
1.3 United States Japan FDI balance. 1989 91 13
1.4 Inflow of FDI to the EC. 1985 91 15
1.5 FDI in the EC by country of origin. 1985 90 15
1.6 Sources of inward investment in EC countries 15
1.7 Regional sourcing and sales structure of Japanese affiliates in Asia 20
selected sectors. 1988
ix
MULTINATIONALS AND EMPLOYMENT: THE GLOBAL ECONOMY OF THE 1990s 1.8 FDI in developing countries by country of origin, 1980 91 21
1.9 Sectoral composition of the stock of outward FDI, 1980 90 23
1.10 FDI in manufacturing by leading investor countries and industry, 1980 90 24
1.11 Japanese, American and German FDI in developing countries, 1980 90, by sector 25
1.12 Value of cross border mergers and acquisitions, 1986 91 26
Appendix tables
1. Stock of outward and inward foreign direct investment, 1980 90 29
2. National position in foreign direct investment flows, 1971 90 30
3. Foreign direct investment flows in the industrialized economies, 1980 90 31
4. Global pattern of foreign direct investment, 1975 91 32
2.1 Worldwide direct employment in MNEs by country of origin of parent; 36
selected OECD countries, latest available year
2.2 Employment in the largest industrial multinational enterprises by country of origin 39
and industry of parent, 1989
2.3 Employees in MNEs subsidiaries and affiliates abroad by country of origin and 41
sector of parent; selected OECD countries, latest available year
2.4 Distribution of employment in subsidiaries and affiliates abroad of MNEs from 43
selected countries by host region; all sectors, latest available year
2.5 Rate of growth of employment in the leading MNEs, selected periods 46
2.6 Rate of change in employment in subsidiaries and affiliates abroad of MNEs 48
based in the United States, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland by host region;
all sectors
2.7 Employees in foreign affiliates of MNEs headquartered in the United States and 51
the Federal Republic of Germany by sector, latest available year
2.8 Distribution of employees in affiliates of foreign based MNEs in selected host 53
countries by sector; circa 1980 and 1988 or latest available year
2.9 Employees in affiliates of foreign based MNEs by host country and affiliates 55
primary activity; all sectors and manufacturing, circa 1980 and 1989
2.10 Employees in affiliates of foreign based MNEs by host developing country/area; 56
all sectors and manufacturing, latest available year
2.11 Employment in export processing zones and other special zones in developing 59
countries/territories, 1990 or latest available year
3.1 Worldwide employment at Caterpillar, Philips, Renault and Toyota, 1980 91 76
4.1 Foreign acquisitions in the United States, 1984 88 97
4.2 Largest foreign acquisitions in the United States, 1987 and 1988 97
4.3 Cross border acquisitions in the EC, 1989 and 1990 98
4.4 Largest cross border acquisitions in the EC, 1989 and 1990 99
4.5 Airline industry acquisitions, 1985 89 107
5.1 Growth and structural changes of Japanese overseas direct investment, FY 1951 90 128
5.2 Motivation of Japanese manufacturing ODI by region, FY 1989 131
5.3 Employment at Japanese affiliates by region/country/area 133
5.4 Japanese affiliates share in the manufacturing employment in selected 134
economies, 1988
5.5 Unionization of workers at Japanese affiliates by region, FY 1989 144
x
CONTENTS 6.1 Maquila plants, employment, value added and exports, 1966 90 165
6.2 Value added by the maquila industry product category, 1985 and 1988 166
6.3 Equity and investment in Mexico s maquila industry 1988 168
6.4 Mexico s maquiladora obrero workforce: Number of workers and gender 170
composition, 1975 86
6.5 Surveys of maquila workers 171
6.6 Survey results: Sourcing of Mexican inputs, 1989 175
6.7 Indirect employment generated by maquila purchases of Mexican services 177
and inputs, 1989
7.1 Foreign and domestic investment, 1968 89 193
7.2 Realized foreign investment by sector 194
7.3 Major foreign investors 195
7.4 Approximate estimates of ownership shares in Indonesia, late 1980s 196
7.5 Summary indicators of major ownership groups, 1963,1974,1985 200
7.6 Ownership shares in Indonesian manufacturing, 1988 201
7.7 Labour productivity by industry and ownership, 1985 203
7.8 Annual labour costs by ownership, 1985 205
8.1 Recent economic developments in Central and Eastern Europe 217
8.2 Foreign investment registrations in Eastern Europe, 1992 223
8.3 Number of JV registrations in the former USSR, Poland, Hungary and the CSFR, 225
by origin of foreign partner
9.1 Largest foreign linked computer software and service firms in selected 247
Asian countries, 1989
10.1 Some impediments to globalization 270
10.2 Advanced manufacturing technologies, the direction of organizational change 276
and industrial relations implications
10.3 Global strategic alliances 280
10.4 Five channels of labour s strategic influence in a global economy
285
List of figures
1.1 FDI in the world economy, 1980 90 7
1.2 FDI flows in the 1980s: Developing countries share 9
1.3 FDI stock in percentage of GDP. 1980 90 9
1.4 Foreign direct investment in the Asia Pacific region, by origin. 1989 90 19
2.1 Paid employment in manufacturing firms in selected industrialized countries 37
by ownership, latest available year
2.2 Employment in 343 leading industrial multinational enterprises. 1980 89 47
3.1 Evolution of MNE strategy: 1950 1990s 70
3.2 Employment and related effects of changing MNE strategies: 1980s and beyond 70
3.3 Classification of foreign subsidiaries strategies 73
3.4 Porter s model of international strategies 73
3.5 Subsidiary strategy and the employment effects of MNEs on host countries 74
xi
MULTINATIONALS AND EMPLOYMENT: THE GLOBAL ECONOMY OF THE 1990s 3.6 Global marketing network: Japanese MNEs 79
3.7 The virtuous circle : Principal macroeconomic mechanisms activated in the 81
course of completing the international market
3.8 Illustrative profile of evolution of employment 82
3.9 Japanese automobile transplants in Europe 84
3.10 Generic roles of national organizations 90
4.1 MAA motivations 101
4.2 Factors influencing the growth of strategic alliances 103
4.3 Acquisitions and alliances in the European defence industry 105
4.4 Selected strategic alliances by European airlines 108
4.5 Employment effects of cross border MA As: Four scenarios 118
4.6 Strategic gap analysis: British manufacturing industry in the early 1980s 119
5.1 The annual amount of Japanese ODI and the annual average dollar yen 126
exchange rate, FY 1965 90
6.1 MNEs indirect effects 162
7.1 Total FDI, 1973 88 197
7.2 Ratio of FDI to GDP, 1973 88 197
8.1 Number of FDI registrations in Eastern Europe 222
10.1 Integration responsiveness grid 269
10.2 Product life and R D costs 273
List of boxes
1.1 FDI as an indicator of internationalization 6
2.1 Statistics on employment in foreign affiliates of home based MNEs 40
2.2 National statistics on employment in foreign firms 51
2.3 Industrial relations in EPZs 62
4.1 ABB: Employment effects of acquisitions in the
ASE A Brown Boveri Company, 1988 92 113
.v/7
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| spelling | Multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s ed. by Paul Bailey ... Geneva Internat. Labour Office 1993 XV, 325 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Developed and developing countries, multinational enterprises, Central and Eastern Europe, Mexico, Indonesia, Japanese overseas direct investment. Geschichte 1980-1993 gnd rswk-swf Arbeidsmarkt gtt DEVELOPING COUNTRIES unbist EMPLOYMENT unbist Internationale ondernemingen gtt TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS unbist Arbeitsmarkt Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises Employees Investments, Foreign, and employment Labor market Beschäftigung (DE-588)4005979-0 gnd rswk-swf Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd rswk-swf Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 gnd rswk-swf Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 s Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 s Geschichte 1980-1993 z DE-604 Beschäftigung (DE-588)4005979-0 s DE-188 Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 s Bailey, Paul J. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006873628&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s Arbeidsmarkt gtt DEVELOPING COUNTRIES unbist EMPLOYMENT unbist Internationale ondernemingen gtt TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS unbist Arbeitsmarkt Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises Employees Investments, Foreign, and employment Labor market Beschäftigung (DE-588)4005979-0 gnd Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 gnd Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4005979-0 (DE-588)4005982-0 (DE-588)4070496-8 (DE-588)4075092-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s |
| title_auth | Multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s |
| title_exact_search | Multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s |
| title_full | Multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s ed. by Paul Bailey ... |
| title_fullStr | Multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s ed. by Paul Bailey ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s ed. by Paul Bailey ... |
| title_short | Multinationals and employment |
| title_sort | multinationals and employment the global economy of the 1990s |
| title_sub | the global economy of the 1990s |
| topic | Arbeidsmarkt gtt DEVELOPING COUNTRIES unbist EMPLOYMENT unbist Internationale ondernemingen gtt TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS unbist Arbeitsmarkt Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises Employees Investments, Foreign, and employment Labor market Beschäftigung (DE-588)4005979-0 gnd Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 gnd Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arbeidsmarkt DEVELOPING COUNTRIES EMPLOYMENT Internationale ondernemingen TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS Arbeitsmarkt Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises Employees Investments, Foreign, and employment Labor market Beschäftigung Beschäftigungspolitik Direktinvestition Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006873628&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT baileypaulj multinationalsandemploymenttheglobaleconomyofthe1990s |