Introduction to international business:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
1994
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 221 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0077078713 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to international business |c Sonia El Kahal |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Management |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Multinationales Unternehmen | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Welthandel | |
| 650 | 4 | |a International business enterprises -- Management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a International business enterprises -- European Economic Community countries -- Management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a International finance | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface: Towards a political economy of international business xv
Acknowledgements xxi
PART ONE: THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
1. Analysing the environment of international business 3
Learning objectives 4
Elements of the environment of international business 4
Global environmental analysis 4
The analytical approach 6
The systems approach 6
The holistic approach 7
Basic steps in conducting a global environmental analysis 7
Review questions 7
Exercise 1.1: International business environmental analysis 8
Exercise 1.2: Country profile 10
Further Reading 1
2. Political risk analysis ^
Learning objectives 2
Political risk: early concepts and recent developments 13
Factors causing political risk 13
Government actions ^
Inter governmental relations 5
Case study 2.1: Caught between government fire 15
External environmental factors 16
Political risk strategic management 16
Political risk analysis ^
Joint ventures and licensing 17
Localization and domestication 18
Linkages ^
Integration with the host government 8
Diversification 18
Political risk insurance 8
Recent developments in political risk analysis 19
Case study 2.2: Shoes, not politics—Bata Ltd. 19
Political risk strategies for the 1990s 20
Increasing a subsidiary s bargaining power 21
Improving a subsidiary s political role 21
Building local alliances 21
viii INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Becoming good citizens 22
Review questions 22
Exercise 2.1: Political risk analysis 22
Further reading 23
3. Legal environment analysis 24
Learning objectives 24
The legal environment of international business 24
Enforcement of national laws 25
Case study 3.1: Implementing Islamic laws in Saudi Arabia 26
International trade laws 27
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 27
The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 27
International dispute settlement 28
Mediation or third party settlements 28
Arbitration 28
Litigation 29
International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes 29
Legal risk analysis 29
Review questions 29
Exercise 3.1: International legal environment analysis 29
Further reading 30
4. The sociocultural environment of international business 31
Learning objectives 31
The concept of culture: definition and functions 31
The relevance of culture 32
Analysing cultural difference 32
Elements of the cultural environment of international business 33
Language and communication 33
Verbal language or factual knowledge 34
Case study 4.1: Problems faced when conveying a message in another language 34
Case study 4.2: Problems when establishing a brand name 34
Case study 4.3: Problems when communicating verbally 35
Non verbal language or interpretive language 35
Practical advice on how to deal with language barriers and difficulties in
communication within foreign cultures 36
Use of translators and interpreters 37
Bilingual managers 37
Language training programmes 37
Education 38
The function of education 38
Education and international business 38
Religion 39
Animism 39
Hinduism 39
Buddhism 40
Islam 40
CONTENTS ix
Christianity 41
Aesthetics 42
Social institutions 42
Attitudes towards work and achievement 42
Attitudes towards occupation 43
Attitudes towards material culture and technology 43
Attitudes towards business practices 43
Guidance towards successful cross cultural negotiations 43
44
Review questions
Exercise 4.1: China, the sleeping giant 44
Exercise 4.2: Multicultural diversity role play 45
Further reading
5. The financial environment of international business 47
Learning objectives
The international financial system
The gold standard *
The Bretton Woods regime (1944 1973) 48
International financial institutions
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) 49
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 52
World Bank operations
Regional development banks
The foreign exchange system
The foreign exchange market
Structure of the foreign exchange market ^
Instruments used in the foreign exchange market ^
Types of foreign exchange market ^
International money markets
The Eurodollar market
The Euro currency market
The Eurobond market
Information technology and the Euromarkets oU
Review questions
Exercise 5.1: Operating in the international money markets ol
Further reading
PART TWO: THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF BUSINESS
6. The internationalization of trade
Learning objectives
The importance of international trade bJ
The development of international trade since the end of the Second World War 66
Classical theories of international trade 67
Mercantilism
Theory of absolute advantage
Theory of comparative advantage
Factor endowment theory
x INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Leontief paradox 70
Product life cycle theory 70
Review questions 72
Further reading 72
7. Modern theories of the firm 73
Learning objectives 73
Theories of international production 73
Weber s location theory 73
The market power approach 73
The eclectic paradigm 73
Theory of the new international division of labour 74
Strategic theories of international trade 74
Theory of competitive advantage of nations 75
Global shift theory 75
The borderless world theory 77
Theory of triangular diplomacy 78
Review questions 79
Further reading 79
8. The changing relationship between governments and firms 80
Learning objectives 80
Forms and methods of international trade control and regulation 80
Motives of governments for regulating international trade 82
Political motives 82
Social and economic motives 82
Infant industries 82
Balance of payments 83
The changing conception of the role of government in international trade 83
Privatization and the total retreat of the state 83
Government as facilitator, signaller and prodder 84
Government as a back seat rider 85
The blurring relationship between governments and business 85
The General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 86
Review questions 87
Exercise 8.1: International organizations and international business 88
Further reading 88
PART III: THE GLOBALIZATION OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
9. International human resource management 91
Learning objectives 91
International organizational structures 91
The organization chart 92
Designing international organizational structures 92
Steps needed in designing an international organizational structure 92
Case study 9.1: The theory and practice of building a global firm 96
CONTENTS xi
Managing human resources 97
Adjustments needed for success 97
International staffing 97
International recruitment and selection 98
Case study 9.2: Characteristics of the international manager 101
Pre departure training for managers 101
Sensitivity training and cross cultural awareness 102
Pre departure training for managers families 103
Orientation on arrival in foreign country 103
International compensation 104
International human resources management and recent trends towards globalization 105
Review questions 105
Exercise 9.1: Designing an international organizational structure 106
Exercise 9.2: International human resource management 106
Further reading 106
10. International marketing 107
Learning objectives 07
Marketing: definition and historical development 107
Domestic marketing vs international marketing 108
Case study 10.1: Experiencing international markets—Marks and Spencer 109
The international marketing mix 110
Product policy for international markets 110
Pricing for global markets 114
International distribution systems 115
International promotion/advertising 116
Case study 10.2: Advertising for global products—The Body Shop 116
Case study 10.3: Does business need advertising? 118
The international marketing plan 119
Review questions 120
Exercise 10.1: The Body Shop 121
Exercise 10.2: International marketing 121
Further reading 121
11. Global strategic management 122
Learning objectives 22
The internationalization process 122
Exporting 123
Foreign production or direct investment 124
International licensing 124
International franchising 126
Case study 11.1: Franchising the world—McDonalds 127
International joint ventures 27
International management contract 128
Turnkey operations 28
Counter trade 129
Japanese Keiretsus and Korean Chaebols 130
Global strategic management 131
xii INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Multinationals, transnationals and global corporations 132
Characteristics of a global firm 133
Cosmopolitanism of the management team 133
Common language: English as the official language 133
Nationality lessness of the global firm 133
Global web of alliances 133
Decentralized global structure 134
Faded significance of headquarters 134
Global strategic planning 134
Case study 11.2: GFT, the new global corporation 138
Building an integrated model for a global strategic plan 139
Step 1: Global vision/global mission 139
Step 2: Evaluating the current position 140
Step 3: Global strategy formulation 141
Step 4: Global strategy evaluation and decision making 141
Step 5: Strategy implementation or development of action plan 141
Review questions 141
Exercise 11.1: International business operations 142
Exercise 11.2: Global strategic planning 142
Further reading 143
PART FOUR: BUSINESS IN THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET
12. The creation of the Single European Market 147
Learning objectives 147
The movement towards a Single Market in Europe 147
Theory as a guide for legitimation 148
Theory as a guide for action 148
Theory as an analytical framework for organizing facts 148
Integration theories 148
The Federalist theory 149
The Functionalist theory 149
The Pluralist conception 149
The Neo functionalist approach 150
The Marxist theory 150
The creation of the European Community 150
Economic and political motives 150
The Treaty of Rome 151
The European Community decision making process 151
The Commission 152
The Council of Ministers 153
The European Parliament 154
The European Court of Justice 155
Economic and Social Committee 155
Influencing the decision making process 156
Case study 12.1: Influencing the European Commission 156
Review questions 157
CONTENTS xiii
Further reading 157
13. From economic to political union 158
Learning objectives 158
The dynamics behind the creation of the Single European Market 158
Europe without frontiers : the philosophy 159
The removal of physical barriers 160
The removal of technical barriers 161
The removal of fiscal barriers 162
The liberalization of competition 163
The Social Charter 164
Problems and barriers of implementation 165
European Monetary Union 166
The European Monetary System: structure, function and operation 167
The Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) 168
The European Currency Unit (ECU) 168
The Financial Support Mechanism 169
From the EMS to EMU 169
Benefit of EMU and its implications for international business 170
The Single European Market: winners and losers 171
From the Single European Act to the Maastricht Treaty 172
The main factors of the Maastricht Treaty 173
Aims and objectives of the Treaty on European Union 174
Review questions • 74
Exercise 13.1: The Single European Market and international business 174
Further reading 175
14. Strategies for the Single European Market 176
Learning objectives 176
A strategic plan for the Single European Market 177
Stage 1: Defining corporate mission/corporate objectives 177
Stage 2: Information systems/database creation 178
Stage 3: Analysing the contemporary European business environment 178
Stage 4: Internal corporate analysis • 80
Stage 5: Formulating strategies for the Single Market 181
Stage 6: Strategic plan implementation 182
European human resources management 182
Case study 14.1: Who is the Euro executive? 183
European marketing strategies 85
Implementing the strategic plan management briefing 185
Overcoming resistance to change 86
Review questions 87
Exercise 14.1: Strategic planning for the Single European Market 187
Exercise 14.2: How to do business in ... 187
Further reading 188
15. Doing business in Central and Eastern Europe 190
Learning objectives 190
xiv INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Economic reforms in Central and Eastern Europe 190
Western business activities in Central and Eastern Europe 192
Problems and difficulties of doing business in Central and Eastern Europe 193
Economic and social problems of transition 194
How to do business in Central and Eastern Europe 196
Review questions 197
Exercise 15.1: Doing business in Eastern Europe 198
Further reading 198
Glossary of key terms 199
Selected newspapers and journals 207
References 208
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