Spoken natural language dialog systems: a practical approach
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY u.a.
Oxford Univ. Press
1994
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 299 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0195091876 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Spoken natural language dialog systems |b a practical approach |c Ronnie W. Smith ; D. Richard Hipp |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | SPOKEN NATURAL LANGUAGE DIALOG SYSTEMS: A PRACTICAL APPROACH RONNIE W.
SMITH EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY D. RICHARD HIPP HIPP, WYRICK AND COMPANY,
INC. NEW YORK OXFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1994 CONTENTS 1 ACHIEVING
SPOKEN COMMUNICATION WITH COMPUTERS 3 1.1 PROBLEM SOLVING ENVIRONMENT:
TASK-ORIENTED DIALOGS 6 1.2 INTEGRATING DIALOG WITH TASK ASSISTANCE: THE
TARGET BEHAVIORS 7 1.2.1 PROBLEM SOLVING TO ACHIEVE A GOAL 8 1.2.2
SUBDIALOGS AND EFFECTIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN THEM . . 8 1.2.3 ACCOUNTING
FOR USER KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITIES 10 1.2.4 EXPECTATION OF USER INPUT 11
1.2.5 VARIABLE INITIATIVE 11 1.2.6 INTEGRATED BEHAVIOR VIA THE MISSING
AXIOM THEORY . . 12 1.3 PRELIMINARY STUDY 13 1.4 AN OUTLINE OF THE BOOK
13 2 FOUNDATIONAL WORK IN INTEGRATED DIALOG PROCESSING 15 2.1 PROBLEM
SOLVING IN AN INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENT 15 2.2 LANGUAGE USE IN A
PROBLEM-SOLVING ENVIRONMENT 16 2.2.1 THE MISSING AXIOM THEORY 16 2.2.2
SPEECH ACT THEORY 17 2.2.3 COMPUTATIONAL SPEECH ACT THEORY: ANALYZING
INTENTIONS 18 2.2.4 DIFFERING SUBDIALOG PURPOSES: THE PLAN-BASED THEORY
OF LITMAN AND ALLEN 21 2.2.5 COLLECTIVE INTENTIONS 22 2.3 USER MODEL ,
23 2.3.1 GENERAL USER MODELING ARCHITECTURE 24 2.3.2 USING USER MODEL
INFORMATION IN GENERATION 26 2.3.3 ACQUIRING USER MODEL INFORMATION 27
2.4 EXPECTATION USAGE 29 2.4.1 SPEECH RECOGNITION 29 VIII CONTENTS 2.4.2
PLAN RECOGNITION 29 2.5 VARIABLE INITIATIVE THEORY 31 2.5.1 DEFINING
INITIATIVE 31 2.5.2 DISCOURSE STRUCTURE IN VARIABLE INITIATIVE DIALOGS
... 32 2.5.3 PLAN RECOGNITION FOR VARIABLE INITIATIVE DIALOG 32 2.6
INTEGRATED DIALOG PROCESSING THEORY 33 2.6.1 SUBDIALOG SWITCHING:
REICHMAN S CONVERSATIONAL MOVES 33 2.6.2 BEYOND SPEECH ACTS:
CONVERSATION ACTS OF TRAUM AND HINKELMAN 35 2.6.3 INTEGRATED DISCOURSE
STRUCTURE: THE TRIPARTITE MODEL OF GROSZ AND SIDNER 36 2.7 DIALOG
SYSTEMS 38 2.7.1 REQUIREMENTS 39 2.7.2 PORTABLE SYSTEMS 39 2.7.3
QUESTION-ANSWER SYSTEMS: KEYBOARD INPUT 42 2.7.4 SPOKEN INPUT SYSTEMS 42
2.7.5 A DISCOURSE SYSTEM 44 2.7.6 VARIABLE INITIATIVE SYSTEMS 45 2.8
SUMMARY 46 3 DIALOG PROCESSING THEORY 47 3.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 47 3.2
MODELING INTERACTIVE TASK PROCESSING 51 3.2.1 COMPUTER AND USER
PREREQUISITES 51 3.2.2 A DOMAIN-INDEPENDENT LANGUAGE FOR DESCRIBING
GOALS, ACTIONS, AND STATES 52 3.2.3 ROBUST SELECTION OF TASK STEPS 54
3.2.4 DETERMINING TASK STEP COMPLETION 55 3.2.5 WHAT ABOUT DIALOG? 57
3.3 INTEGRATING TASK PROCESSING WITH DIALOG: THE MISSING AXIOM THEORY
57 CONTENTS IX 3.3.1 THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE: SUPPLYING MISSING AXIOMS ...
58 3.3.2 INTERRUPTIBLE THEOREM PROVING REQUIRED =* IPSIM . . 58 3.4
EXPLOITING DIALOG CONTEXT: USER MODEL 59 3.4.1 ACCOUNTING FOR USER
KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITIES 59 3.4.2 COMPUTING INFERENCES FROM USER INPUT 60
3.4.3 USER MODEL USAGE: INTEGRATING TASK PROCESSING WITH DIALOG 60 3.5
EXPLOITING DIALOG CONTEXT: INPUT EXPECTATIONS 63 3.5.1 FOUNDATIONS OF
EXPECTATION-DRIVEN PROCESSING 63 3.5.2 USING EXPECTATION-DRIVEN
PROCESSING 64 3.6 A THEORY OF VARIABLE INITIATIVE DIALOG 68 3.6.1
DENNING VARIABLE INITIATIVE AND DIALOG MODE 68 3.6.2 RESPONSE
FORMULATION IN VARIABLE INITIATIVE DIALOG . . 70 3.7 PUTTING THE PIECES
TOGETHER 72 3.7.1 WHAT IS A DIALOG? 72 3.7.2 INTEGRATED THEORY 73 4
COMPUTATIONAL MODEL 75 4.1 DIALOG PROCESSING ALGORITHM 75 4.1.1
MOTIVATION AND BASIC STEPS 75 4.1.2 TRACING THE BASIC STEPS 77 4.2
RECEIVING SUGGESTION FROM DOMAIN PROCESSOR 78 4.3 SELECTION OF NEXT GOAL
79 4.4 ATTEMPTING GOAL COMPLETION 81 4.4.1 STEP 2A: ATTEMPT TO PROVE
COMPLETION 87 4.4.2 STEP 2B: COMPUTING FINAL UTTERANCE SPECIFICATION ...
88 4.4.3 STEP 2C: COMPUTING EXPECTATIONS FOR THE USER S RESPONSE 89
4.4.4 STEP 2D: RECEIVING USER INPUT 94 4.4.5 STEP 2E: COMPUTING WORLD
INTERPRETATION 95 X CONTENTS 4.4.6 STEPS 2F AND 2G: UPDATING CONTEXT AND
DISCOURSE STRUCTURE 96 4.4.7 STEP 2H: COMPUTING INFERENCES FROM THE
INPUT 97 4.4.8 STEP 2I: SELECTING APPLICABLE AXIOM 97 4.5 UPDATING
SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE 101 4.6 DETERMINE NEXT DOMAIN PROCESSOR OPERATION 102
4.7 SOLUTIONS TO DIALOG PROCESSING PROBLEMS 103 4.7.1 INTERRUPTS 103
4.7.2 ROBUSTNESS AND THE HANDLING OF SPEECH RECOGNITION ERRORS 115 4.7.3
VARIABLE INITIATIVE DIALOG 117 4.8 INTEGRATED DIALOG PROCESSING: A
SUMMARY 119 5 PARSING 121 5.1 INTRODUCTION 121 5.2 OVERVIEW OF THE
PARSER 123 5.3 THE PARSER INPUT LATTICE 125 5.3.1 WHAT IS IN A WORD? 125
5.3.2 UNCERTAIN INPUTS 126 5.3.3 ARC WEIGHTS 127 5.3.4 INDEXING LATTICE
NODES 128 5.3.5 INPUTS USED IN THE EXPERIMENTS 129 5.4 TRANSLATION
GRAMMARS 130 5.5 MINIMUM DISTANCE TRANSLATION 132 5.5.1 DISTANCE BETWEEN
STRINGS 132 5.5.2 A PRECISE DEFINITION OF WHAT THE MDT ALGORITHM DOES
133 5.6 AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR MDT 135 5.6.1 DATA STRUCTURES USED BY
MDT 135 5.6.2 THE OUTER PROCEDURE 136 5.6.3 THE INNER PROCEDURE 137
CONTENTS XI 5.6.4 AN IMPORTANT OPTIMIZATION 141 5.7 ENHANCEMENTS TO THE
MDT ALGORITHM 142 5.7.1 LEXICON DEPENDENT DELETION AND INSERTION COSTS
.... 142 5.7.2 GRAMMAR DEPENDENT INSERTION COSTS 143 5.8 EXPECTATION
PROCESSING 144 5.8.1 WILDCARDS 144 5.8.2 WILDCARD STRING MATCHING 145
5.8.3 ENHANCEMENTS TO THE MINIMUM MATCHING STRING ALGORITHM 148 5.8.4
WILDCARD STRING MATCHING VERSUS UNIFICATION 149 5.8.5 EXPECTATION BASED
HYPOTHESIS SELECTION 149 5.8.6 THE EXPECTATION FUNCTION 149 5.9
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY 151 5.9.1 NOTATION 151 5.9.2 THE COMPLEXITY OF
INPUT LATTICE NODE RENUMBERING . 151 5.9.3 THE COMPLEXITY OF MDT 151
5.9.4 THE COMPLEXITY OF EXPECTATION PROCESSING 153 5.9.5 OVERALL PARSER
COMPLEXITY 153 6 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 155 6.1 KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
156 6.1.1 PROLOG 156 6.1.2 GADL 156 6.1.3 SNF 156 6.1.4 SEF 156 6.1.5
IPSIM 157 6.1.6 DISCOURSE STRUCTURE 158 6.1.7 AXIOMS 159 6.1.8
INTERFACES . 160 6.2 DOMAIN PROCESSOR 160 XII CONTENTS 6.2.1 DEBUGGING
METHODOLOGY 161 6.2.2 DECISION MAKING STRATEGIES 165 6.2.3 DEBUGGING
CONTROL STRATEGY MODIFICATIONS FOR DIALOG . 170 6.3 GENERATION 178 6.3.1
OVERVIEW 178 6.3.2 NATURAL LANGUAGE DIRECTIONS FOR LOCATING OBJECTS . .
. 178 6.4 RESOURCE UTILIZATION 179 7 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 181 7.1
HYPOTHESES . 181 7.2 PRELIMINARY RESULTS 181 7.3 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 184
7.3.1 OVERVIEW 184 7.3.2 PROBLEM SELECTION . . . 185 7.3.3 SESSION 1
PROCEDURE 186 7.3.4 SESSION 2 PROCEDURE 190 7.3.5 SESSION 3 PROCEDURE
192 7.4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 192 7.5 SUBJECT POOL 196 7.6 CUMULATIVE
RESULTS 197 7.6.1 BASIC SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 197 7.6.2 PARAMETER
DEFINITIONS 197 7.6.3 AGGREGATE RESULTS 199 7.6.4 RESULTS AS A FUNCTION
OF PROBLEM 206 7.6.5 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 210 7.7 RESULTS
FROM SUBJECT RESPONSES ABOUT SYSTEM USAGE 212 7.8 CONCLUSIONS 214 8
PERFORMANCE OF TTYE SPEECH RECOGNIZER AND PARSER 219 8.1 PREPARATION OF
THE DATA 219 CONTENTS XIII 8.2 SPEECH RECOGNIZER PERFORMANCE 221 8.2.1
COMPARISON TO OTHER SPEECH RECOGNIZERS 223 8.2.2 COMPARISON TO HUMANS
223 8.3 PARSER PERFORMANCE 224 8.4 OPTIMAL EXPECTATION FUNCTIONS 227 9
ENHANCED DIALOG PROCESSING: VERIFYING DOUBTFUL INPUTS 231 9.1 HANDLING
MISUNDERSTANDINGS 231 9.2 DECIDING WHEN TO VERIFY 232 9.2.1 CONFIDENCE
ESTIMATES 232 9.2.2 SELECTING A VERIFICATION THRESHOLD 237 9.3
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 238 9.4 SUMMARY OF VERIFICATION SUBDIALOGS 239 10
EXTENDING THE STATE OF THE ART 241 10.1 CONTINUING WORK 241 10.1.1
AUTOMATIC SWITCHING OF INITIATIVE 241 10.1.2 EXPLOITING DIALOG CONTEXT
IN RESPONSE GENERATION . . 242 10.1.3 MISCOMMUNICATION AND METADIALOG
244 10.1.4 LESS RESTRICTED VOCABULARY 245 10.1.5 EVALUATING MODEL
APPLICABILITY 246 10.2 WHERE DO WE GO NEXT? 247 A THE GOAL AND ACTION
DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE 249 B USER S GUIDE FOR THE INTERRUPTIBLE PROLOG
SIMULATOR (IPSIM) 253 B.I INTRODUCTION 253 B.2 SPECIFYING RULES AND
AXIOMS FOR IPSIM 253 B.2.1 SAMPLE SPECIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION 254
B.2.2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SPECIFICATION 254 XIV CONTENTS
B.2.3 THE SPECIAL CLAUSES OF IPSIM . . . 256 B.3 USING IPSIM 257 B.3.1
THE IPSIM COMMAND LANGUAGE . . . 257 B.3.2 THE USE OF KNOWLEDGE 262
B.3.3 A SAMPLE CONTROL SCHEME 262 B.4 CREATING DYNAMIC LISTS OF MISSING
AXIOMS 262 B.4.1 THE DEFAULTS 262 B.4.2 REDEFINING AXIOM_NEED 262 B.5
USING IPSIM CALLS WITHIN THEOREM SPECIFICATIONS 264 C OBTAINING THE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE VIA ANONYMOUS FTP 265 BIBLIOGRAPHY 267 INDEX 279
|
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| id | DE-604.BV010134078 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:47:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0195091876 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006731079 |
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| physical | XIV, 299 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1994 |
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| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
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| spelling | Smith, Ronnie W. Verfasser aut Spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach Ronnie W. Smith ; D. Richard Hipp New York, NY u.a. Oxford Univ. Press 1994 XIV, 299 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Langage naturel, Traitement du (informatique) ram Natuurlijke taal gtt Traitement automatique de la parole ram Natural language processing (Computer science) Speech processing systems Gesprochene Sprache (DE-588)4020717-1 gnd rswk-swf Dialogsystem (DE-588)4131632-0 gnd rswk-swf Natürliche Sprache (DE-588)4041354-8 gnd rswk-swf Natürliche Sprache (DE-588)4041354-8 s Dialogsystem (DE-588)4131632-0 s DE-604 Gesprochene Sprache (DE-588)4020717-1 s Hipp, D. Richard Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006731079&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Smith, Ronnie W. Hipp, D. Richard Spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach Langage naturel, Traitement du (informatique) ram Natuurlijke taal gtt Traitement automatique de la parole ram Natural language processing (Computer science) Speech processing systems Gesprochene Sprache (DE-588)4020717-1 gnd Dialogsystem (DE-588)4131632-0 gnd Natürliche Sprache (DE-588)4041354-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020717-1 (DE-588)4131632-0 (DE-588)4041354-8 |
| title | Spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach |
| title_auth | Spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach |
| title_exact_search | Spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach |
| title_full | Spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach Ronnie W. Smith ; D. Richard Hipp |
| title_fullStr | Spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach Ronnie W. Smith ; D. Richard Hipp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach Ronnie W. Smith ; D. Richard Hipp |
| title_short | Spoken natural language dialog systems |
| title_sort | spoken natural language dialog systems a practical approach |
| title_sub | a practical approach |
| topic | Langage naturel, Traitement du (informatique) ram Natuurlijke taal gtt Traitement automatique de la parole ram Natural language processing (Computer science) Speech processing systems Gesprochene Sprache (DE-588)4020717-1 gnd Dialogsystem (DE-588)4131632-0 gnd Natürliche Sprache (DE-588)4041354-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Langage naturel, Traitement du (informatique) Natuurlijke taal Traitement automatique de la parole Natural language processing (Computer science) Speech processing systems Gesprochene Sprache Dialogsystem Natürliche Sprache |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006731079&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT smithronniew spokennaturallanguagedialogsystemsapracticalapproach AT hippdrichard spokennaturallanguagedialogsystemsapracticalapproach |