Metamorphic crystallization:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley
1994
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 507 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0471942146 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kretz, Ralph |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Metamorphic crystallization |c Ralph Kretz |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester [u.a.] |b Wiley |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 507 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805083608619155456 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Chapter 1 The Geological Background 1
1.1 Metamorphism defined 1
1.2 Historical note 2
1.3 Metamorphic minerals 5
1.4 Microstructure 10
1.5 Volatile components and crystal boundaries 18
1.5.1 Volatile components 18
1.5.2 Crystal boundaries 22
1.6 Metamorphic rocks 27
1.7 Isograds, mineral zones, and metamorphic faciès 28
1.8 Experimental approach to mineral reactions 36
1.9 An example of progressive metamorphism: shale to granulite 42
1.10 Metamorphism, structure, and tectonics 47
Chapter 2 Mineral Thermodynamics 53
2.1 Review of some thermodynamic concepts 54
2.2 The boundary curve 74
2.3 The imperfect gas 79
2.4 Phases of variable composition 81
2.5 Reactions involving minerals of variable composition 88
2.6 The Gibbs-Duhem equations 92
2.7 The Gibbs phase rule 93
2.8 Properties of gas mixtures 98
2.9 Mineral mixtures: a microscopic view 101
2.10 Solution models for minerals 104
2.11 Properties of mineral mixtures: olivine, garnet, and plagioclase 111
Chapter 3 Phase Equilibrium 125
3.1 Transformations involving minerals of nominally
fixed composition ^5
3.1.1 The aragonite-calcite equilibrium 126
3.1.2 Al silicate equilibria l28
vi CONTENTS
3.1.3 Equilibria involving Jadeite 133
3.1.4 High-pressure forms of SÍO2, C, and Mg2SiC 4 136
3.2 Transformations involving minerals of nominally fixed
composition and one or both of H2O and CO2 138
3.2.1 Muscovite + quartz = K-feldspar + Al silicate + H2O 139
3.2.2 Equilibria involving talc, anthophyllite, forsterite, and
enstatite (system MgO-SiC^-HiO) and a review
of the Schreinemakers method 145
3.2.3 Equilibria involving calcite, dolomite, quartz,
talc, tremolite, diopside, enstatite, forsterite, and a
H2O-CO2 gas mixture (system
CaO-MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O) 152
3.3 Order-disorder transformations 161
3.3.1 Order-disorder in CuZn and dolomite (CaMgC2O6) 162
3.3.2 Order-disorder in K-feldspar (KAlSi3O8) 168
3.3.3 Order-disorder in orthopyroxene,
((Mg, Fe)M2(Mg, Fe)M1 -Si2O6) 171
3.4 Sharing of two components by two phases (solvus equilibria) 175
3.4.1 The alkali feldspar, (Na, K)AlSi3O8, solvus 176
3.4.2 The calcite (CaCO3)-dolomite (Cao.5Mgo.5CO3)
solvus 179
3.4.3 The quasi-chemical view of solvus equilibria 184
3.5 Solvus equilibria in three-component systems 186
3.5.1 Solvus equilibria in the pyroxene quadrilateral 187
3.5.2 Solvus equilibria in the feldspar system 194
3.6 Complex transformations involving minerals of
variable composition 203
3.6.1 The equilibrium, biotite + sillimanite + quartz
= garnet + K-feldspar + H2O 204
3.6.2 The equilibrium, cordierite = garnet + sillimanite
+ quartz 208
3.6.3 The equilibrium, anorthite (in plagioclase) = grossular
(in garnet) + Al silicate + quartz 212
3.7 Exchange equilibrium: the distribution of Mg and Fe2+
between ferromagnesian minerals 218
3.7.1 The distribution of Mg and Fe2+ between biotite
and garnet 219
3.7.2 The distribution of Mg and Fe2+ between
orthopyroxene and Ca pyroxene 228
3.7.3 The distribution of Mg and Fe2+ between olivine
and spinel 233
3.8 The distribution of minor and trace elements between minerals 240
3.8.1 The distribution of strontium between K-feldspar
and plagioclase 241
CONTENTS vi i
3.8.2 The distribution of Mn between garnet and biotite and
between Ca pyroxene and hornblende 245
3.8.3 The distribution of vanadium among hornblende,
biotite, and garnet 249
3.8.4 The distribution of Sr, Mn, and Fe between calcite
and dolomite 251
3.9 Oxidation-reduction equilibria 255
3.9.1 The magnetite-hematite equilibrium 256
3.9.2 The magnetite-ilmenite equilibrium 258
3.9.3 Oxide-silicate equilibria 260
Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics 263
4.1 The reaction rate 263
4.2 Experimental study of mineral reactions 270
4.2.1 Dehydration of brucite 270
4.2.2 Calcite + quartz - wollastonite + CO2 273
4.2.3 Serpentine + brucite ±=; forsterite + H2O 275
4.3 Diffusion 276
4.3.1 Introduction to diffusion 276
4.3.2 Solutions to the first equation of diffusion 279
4.3.3 Steady-state theory applied to diffusion problems 285
4.3.4 Exchange and self-diffusion 287
4.3.5 Crystal-boundary diffusion 288
4.3.6 Diffusion and chemical reaction 290
4.3.7 Experimental data on diffusion in minerals 291
4.4 Crystal nucleation 300
4.4.1 Nucleation in a simple phase transformation 300
4.4.2 Nucleation and spinodal decomposition during
exsolution 305
4.4.3 Nucleation in a multi-phase crystal assembly 310
4.5 Crystal growth 313
4.5.1 Growth in a fluid environment 314
4.5.2 Growth in a solid environment 314
4.5.3 Growth in a multi-phase crystal assembly 321
4.6 Reaction rate in terms of nucleation and growth rates 323
4.6.1 Transformation without impingement 323
4.6.2 Nucleation and growth in a multi-phase crystal
assembly 324
4.6.3 Transformation taken to completion: allowance
for impingement 325
4.7 Concluding remarks 328
viii CONTENTS
Chapter 5 Granular Microstructures and Crystallization
Mechanisms 330
5.1 Mechanism of reaction, andalusite — sillimanite and
kyanite — sillimanite 330
5.2 Kinetics of the crystallization of garnet 334
5.3 Microreaction zones 349
5.3.1 Corona microstructures 349
5.3.2 Crystals of Ca pyroxene with mantles and lamellae
of Ca amphibole 359
5.4 Intergrowth microstructures and exsolution kinetics 365
5.4.1 Intergrowths in iron meteorites 365
5.4.2 Exsolution microstructures in alkali feldspar 367
5.4.3 Calcite-dolomite intergrowths 373
5.5 Role of interfacial energy in changing the shape and size of
crystals, and a note on plastic deformation and
recrystallization 383
5.5.1 Plastic deformation and recrystallization 383
5.5.2 Interfacial tension and interfacial energy defined 387
5.5.3 Crystal shape in medium- to high-grade
metamorphic terranes 392
5.5.4 The coarsening of crystal size 398
5.6 The spatial distribution of crystals, with special reference
to gneiss and granulite 404
5.7 Metamorphic differentiation 415
5.7.1 Metamorphic layering in meta-sediments of the
greenschist faciès 416
5.7.2 Quartz-plagioclase veins in amphibolite 417
5.7.3 Veins in aluminous schist in a terrane of increasing
metamorphic grade 419
5.7.4 Quartz-feldspar veins in granitic gneiss
(veined gneiss) 420
5.7.5 Theory of stress-induced metamorphic differentiation 431
5.8 Metasomatic crystallization 433
5.8.1 Crystallization of zoned skarn 434
5.8.2 Metasomatic crystallization of muscovite in granite
and tourmaline in schist at contacts with pegmatite 438
Appendices 452
Al. Quantities and units 452
A2. SI prefixes 453
A3. Constants 453
A4. Quantity calculus 453
A5. Atomic and molecular weight 454
A6. Ionic radius 455
CONTENTS ix
A7. Earth data 456
A8. Greek alphabet 457
A9. Propagation of error 457
References 460
Index 499 |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T07:51:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471942146 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIV, 507 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1994 |
| publishDateSearch | 1994 |
| publishDateSort | 1994 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| spelling | Kretz, Ralph Verfasser aut Metamorphic crystallization Ralph Kretz Chichester [u.a.] Wiley 1994 XIV, 507 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier metamorfoza Metamorphose Geologie (DE-588)4038932-7 gnd rswk-swf Metamorphose Geologie (DE-588)4038932-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006684352&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kretz, Ralph Metamorphic crystallization metamorfoza Metamorphose Geologie (DE-588)4038932-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038932-7 |
| title | Metamorphic crystallization |
| title_auth | Metamorphic crystallization |
| title_exact_search | Metamorphic crystallization |
| title_full | Metamorphic crystallization Ralph Kretz |
| title_fullStr | Metamorphic crystallization Ralph Kretz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metamorphic crystallization Ralph Kretz |
| title_short | Metamorphic crystallization |
| title_sort | metamorphic crystallization |
| topic | metamorfoza Metamorphose Geologie (DE-588)4038932-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | metamorfoza Metamorphose Geologie |
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