Mold engineering:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Munich [u.a.]
Hanser [u.a.]
1995
|
| Schriftenreihe: | SPE books
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 621 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3446177299 1569901317 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Rees, Herbert |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mold engineering |c Herbert Rees |
| 264 | 1 | |a Munich [u.a.] |b Hanser [u.a.] |c 1995 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124379399847936 |
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| adam_text | CONTENT
S
PAR
T I MOL
D ENGINEERIN
G
SECTIO
N 1 BASIC
S ABOU
T MOLDS
, MACHINES
, PLASTICS
, AN
D PRODUCT
S
1 INTRODUCTIO
N T
O MOL
D ENGINEERIN
G 1
1.1 WHAT IS AN INJECTION MOLD? 1
1.2 WHAT IS AN INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE? 2
1.2.1 CLAMPING MECHANISM 2
1.2.2 PLASTICIZING UNIT 2
1.2.3 INJECTION UNIT 2
1.2.3.1
RS MACHINES 3
1.2.3.2
P MACHINES 3
1.2.4 CONTROLS 4
1.3 MOLD TIMING AND TERMINOLOGY 4
1.3.1 MOLD CLOSING AND OPENING TIMES (DRY-CYCLE) 6
1.3.2 EJECTION TIME AND MOLD OPENING STROKE 6
1.3.3 MOLD OPEN TIME 7
1.3.4 INJECTION TIME 7
1.3.4.1
INJECTION TIME AND THE MACHINE 7
1.3.4.2
INJECTION TIME AND MOLD DESIGN 7
1.3.4.3
PLASTIC 8
1.3.5 INJECTION HOLD TIME 8
1.3.6 COOLING TIME 8
1.3.6.1
COOLING WATER SUPPLY 8
1.3.6.2
COOLING LAYOUT 8
RECOMMENDED READING 9
2 BASI
C MOL
D FUNCTION
S 11
2.1 SHAPING THE PRODUCT 11
2.1.1 PRODUCT SHAPE 12
2.1.1.1 PLAIN UTILITY SHAPE 12
2.1.1.2 ARTISTIC SHAPE 12
2.1.1.3 ENGINEERING (FUNCTIONAL) SHAPE 13
2.2 DUCTING THE PLASTIC FROM MACHINE TO CAVITIES 13
2.2.1 COLD RUNNERS 13
2.2.2 HOT RUNNERS 15
2.3 REMOVING AIR FROM THE CAVITIES DURING FILLING 16
2.3.1 SINGLE GATE 16
2.3.2 UNEVEN WALLS 16
2.3.3 MULTIPLE GATES 17
2.4 COOLING THE PLASTIC 17
2.5 EJECTING THE PRODUCT 18
2.6 PRODUCING ECONOMICALLY AND SUITING REQUIREMENTS 19
2.6.1 MOLD TYPE AND NUMBER OF CAVITIES 19
2.6.1.1 MACHINE HOUR TIME 21
2.6.1.2 HIGH PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN A SHORT TIME 22
2.6.2 MOLDING DIFFERENT SHAPES IN ONE MOLD 22
2.6.3 MULTIPLE COLOR OR MATERIAL MOLDS 23
3 MOL
D REQUIREMENT
S 25
3.1 ACCURACY AND FINISH 25
3.1.1 ACCURACY 25
3.1.1.1 STEEL SIZES 26
3.1.2 FINISH 26
3.1.2.1 TEXTURING 26
3.2 PRODUCTIVITY 27
3.2.1 NUMBER OF CAVITIES 27
3.2.2 QUALITY OF COOLING 28
3.2.3 SPEED AND TIMING OF EJECTION 29
3.2.4 STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF THE MOLD 29
3.2.5 EASE OF INSTALLATION AND START-UP 29
3.3 PHYSICAL STRENGTH 31
3.3.1 TENSILE STRENGTH 31
3.3.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 32
3.3.3 PLATE DEFLECTION 33
3.4 WEAR RESISTANCE 33
3.4.1 WEAR OF MOLD PARTS MOVING UNDER PRESSURE 33
3.4.2 FRETTING 34
3.4.3 WEAR FROM ABRASIVE AND CORROSIVE PLASTICS 34
3.4.4 RUST 35
3.5 SAFETY IN OPERATION 35
3.5.1 DAMAGE TO THE MOLD 36
3.5.2 PERSONAL INJURY 37
3.6 MAINTENANCE AND INTERCHANGEABILITY 37
3.6.1 MAINTENANCE 37
3.6.2 INTERCHANGEABILITY 38
3.7 EASE OF INSTALLATION IN MOLDING MACHINE 38
3.8 REASONABLE MOLD COST 39
3.8.1 COST OF MOLD DESIGN ENGINEERING (CE) 40
3.8.2 COST OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING (CP) 40
3.8.3 COST OF THE STACK (CS) 40
3.8.4 COST OF THE MOLD SHOE (CM) 40
3.8.5 COST OF ASSEMBLY (CA) 40
3.8.6 COST OF TESTING (CT) 41
3.8.7 COST OF OVERHEAD AND PROFIT (CO AND P) 41
3.8.8 COST OF A MULTICAVITY MOLD 41
3.8.9 COST OF STACK MOLDS 41
3.8.10 COST OF PIECE (PRODUCT) 42
4 GENERA
L MOL
D DESIG
N GUIDELINE
S 43
4.1 BEFORE STARTING TO DESIGN A MOLD 43
4.2 MOLDING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIFIED PLASTIC 45
4.3 ANTICIPATED MOLDING CYCLE 46
4.4 STUDYING THE PRODUCT 47
4.4.1 CHECK THE PRODUCT DRAWING 47
4.4.1.1 CLARITY 47
4.4.1.2 PROJECTION 47
4.4.1.3 TOLERANCES 47
4.4.1.4 PRODUCT USE 48
4.4.1.5 NOTES ON THE DRAWING 50
4.4.1.6 DRAFT ANGLES 50
4.4.1.7 RESPONSIBILITY FOR SHRINKAGE 51
4.4.2 WORKING FROM A SAMPLE OR MODEL 52
4.5 TYPICAL CHECK LIST FOR ESTIMATORS AND DESIGNERS 52
4.5.1 MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS 52
4.5.2 PRODUCT, PRODUCT DRAWING, AND PRODUCTION SPECIFICATIONS 53
5 PLASTIC
S IDENTIFICATIO
N 57
5.1 PLASTICS IDENTIFICATION BY TYPE 57
SECTIO
N 2 GENERA
L MOL
D DESIG
N GUIDELINE
S
6 MOL
D LAYOU
T 63
6.1 MOLD LAYOUT RULES 63
6.1.1 BEFORE STARTING 63
6.1.2 FIRST CONSIDERATIONS 64
6.1.3 STEP-BY-STEP LAYOUT: MOLD STACK DESIGN 64
6.1.4 STEP-BY-STEP LAYOUT: MOLD SHOE DESIGN 71
6.2 BALANCING OF LATERAL FORCES IN CAVITIES 75
6.3 BALANCING OF RUNNERS AND ARRANGEMENT OF CAVITIES 76
6.3.1 BALANCING OF RUNNERS 76
6.3.2 TWO-PLATE MOLDS (COLD RUNNERS) 78
6.3.2.1 RUNNER LENGTH 78
6.3.2.2 RUNNER CROSS SECTION 78
6.3.2.3 CAVITY SPACING 78
6.3.2.4 CAVITY SUPPORTS 78
6.3.2.5 GATE LOCATION 79
6.3.2.6 DISTANCE AND TIME REQUIRED FOR THE PRODUCTS TO FALL FREE OF THE
MOLD 79
6.3.2.7 CLEARANCE BETWEEN TIE BARS (FREE FALL OR TAKE-OFF) 79
6.3.2.8 MOLECULAR ALIGNMENT 79
6.3.2.9 CAVITY LAYOUT 80
6.3.3 THREE-PLATE MOLDS 92
6.3.3.1 GENERAL MULTICAVITY LAYOUTS 92
6.3.4 HOT RUNNER LAYOUT 97
7 MOLDIN
G OPERATIO
N SEQUENCE
S 99
8 PLASTI
C SHRINKAG
E 103
8.1 THEORY 103
8.2 PRACTICE AND APPLICATIONS 105
8.2.1 INJECTION VARIABLES AND SHRINKAGE 105
8.2.1.1
HEAVY-WALLED PRODUCTS 105
8.2.1.2
EJECTION OF THE PRODUCT 106
8.2.1.3
TIME LIMIT OF SHRINKAGE 106
8.2.1.4
ANNEALING THE PRODUCT 106
8.2.1.5
PRODUCT THICKNESS 106
8.2.2 BASIC SHRINKAGE FORMULA 107
8.2.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR SHRINKAGE: SELECTION OF SHRINKAGE FACTORS 110
8.2.3.1
STEEL SIZES 110
8.2.3.2
MOLDING MATERIAL 110
8.2.3.3
OTHER RULES AFFECTING SHRINKAGE 110
8.2.4 EFFECT OF SHRINKAGE ON MOLD OPENING AND STRIPPING FORCE 111
8.2.5 PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR DESIGNING WITH SHRINKAGE 111
8.2.5.1
PRODUCT TOLERANCES AND SHRINKAGE 112
8.2.5.2
SHRINKAGE OF THREADS 112
8.2.6 APPROXIMATE MOLD SHRINKAGE FOR SOME MATERIALS 113
8.2.7 OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING SHRINKAGE 113
8.2.7.1
WALL THICKNESS OF PRODUCT 113
8.2.7.2
PRODUCT SHAPE 114
8.2.7.3
GATES 115
8.2.7.4
EQUAL COOLING 115
8.2.7.5
ORIENTATION OF PLASTIC WITHIN THE CAVITY 116
8.2.7.6
OPERATING CONDITIONS 116
8.2.8 SPI STANDARD MOLDING TOLERANCES 116
8.2.9 EFFECTS OF SHRINKAGE ON CONTAINER SHAPE 116
8.2.9.1
CYLINDRICAL CONTAINERS 117
8.2.9.2
CONICAL CONTAINERS 117
REFERENCES 118
9 MOL
D SURFAC
E TOLERANCE
S 119
9.1 BASIC TOLERANCE CONSIDERATIONS 119
9.1.1 MISCONCEPTION
#1
119
9.1.2 MISCONCEPTION #2 120
9.1.3 MISCONCEPTION #3 120
9.2 TOLERANCES FOR WALL THICKNESS OF PRODUCTS 121
9.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR TOLERANCES 122
1
0 GATE
S AN
D RUNNER
S 123
10.1 GATE LOCATION AND NUMBER PER CAVITY 123
10.1.1 ONE GATE PER CAVITY 123
10.1.1.1 OUTSIDE CENTER GATING (OSCG) 123
10.1.1.2 INSIDE CENTER GATING (ISCG) 125
10.1.1.3 SIDE GATING NEAR TOP 125
10.1.1.4 OUTSIDE SIDE GATING NEAR RIM 126
10.1.1.5 GATING OF AN ELONGATE PRODUCT 126
10.1.1.6 GATING A PRODUCT WITH A LIVE HINGE 126
10.1.2 TWO OR MORE GATES PER CAVITY-LARGE PRODUCTS 127
10.1.3 TWO OR MORE GATES PER CAVITY-SLENDER PRODUCTS 128
10.1.3.1 INSIDE SIDE GATING AT RIM 129
10.1.4 GATE VESTIGE 129
10.1.4.1 HIDING THE GATES 130
10.1.4.2 DIMPLE 130
10.1.4.3 RECESSED GATE 131
10.1.4.4 HOT RUNNER EDGE GATE WITH A DIMPLE 131
10.1.4.5 VALVED GATES 132
10.2 HOT RUNNER GATE TYPES AND CONFIGURATIONS 132
10.2.1 OPEN GATE 132
10.2.1.1 CIRCULAR GATES 133
10.2.1.2 ANNULAR GATES 135
10.2.1.3 HOT RUNNER EDGE GATES (HREG) 138
10.2.2 VALVED GATES 139
10.2.2.1 BASIC VALVE GATE 140
10.2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING GATE SIZE AND SHAPE 141
10.2.3.1 FACTORS AFFECTING GATE AND LAND SIZE IN OPEN GATES 143
10.2.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR A CORRECTLY DESIGNED GATE 144
10.2.5 GATE SHAPE AND SIZE 144
10.2.5.1 LAND LENGTH (GATE HEIGHT) 144
10.2.5.2 GATE DIAMETER 144
10.2.5.3 ROLE OF SHEARING IN GATE DIAMETER SIZING 144
10.2.5.4 TIME OF EXPOSURE TO SHEAR 145
10.2.5.5 ESTABLISHING A PROPER GATE SIZE 146
10.3 COLD RUNNER GATE TYPES AND CONFIGURATIONS 147
10.3.1 GENERAL FEATURES 147
10.3.2 EDGE GATES 148
10.3.3 FAN GATES 149
10.3.4 DIAPHRAGM GATE 150
10.3.5 TAB GATES 151
10.3.6 TUNNEL GATES 152
10.3.7 MULTIPLE TUNNEL GATING 156
10.3.8 CURVED OR SUBMARINE TUNNEL GATING 156
10.3.9 THREE-PLATE GATES 157
10.4 COLD RUNNER EJECTION AND PULLERS 158
10.4.1 RUNNER PULLERS AND EJECTION OF THE RUNNER 159
10.4.2 FLOW OF PLASTIC AROUND SUCKER PIN HEADS 162
10.4.3 LOCATION AND NUMBER OF EJECTORS, SUCKERS, OR SUCKER PINS 162
10.4.4 PLACEMENT OF SUCKERS NEAR A TUNNEL GATE 163
10.4.5 SUCKERS FOR THREE-PLATE DROPS 164
10.5 COLD RUNNER MOLDS 165
10.5.1 TWO-PLATE MOLDS 165
10.5.1.1 SPRUE GATES (ONE CAVITY ONLY) 165
10.5.1.2 SIMPLE RUNNER (TWO OR MORE CAVITIES) 166
10.5.2 THREE-PLATE MOLDS 167
10.5.3 GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT THREE-PLATE MOLDS 168
10.5.3.1 DIMPLES 168
10.5.3.2 RUNNERS 169
10.5.3.3 DROPS 169
10.5.3.4 NUMBER OF GATES PER CAVITY 170
10.6 HOT RUNNER MOLDS 171
REFERENCES 174
1
1 VENTIN
G 175
11.1 BACKGROUND AND THEORY 175
11.2 DEFINITIONS AND RULES 176
11.3 PARTING LINE VENTING 177
11.3.1 VENT CHANNELS AND GROOVES 178
11.4 VENT PINS AND INSERT VENTING 181
11.4.1 VENT PINS 181
11.4.2 INSERT VENTING 181
11.5 MISCELLANEOUS VENTING 182
11.5.1 RUNNER VENTING 182
11.5.2 VENTING THE BOTTOM OF A CAVITY 183
12 EJECTIO
N 185
12.1 GENERAL COMMENTS AND DEFINITIONS 185
12.2 BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR ANY EJECTION METHOD 185
12.2.1 EJECTION FEATURES 186
12.2.2 LENGTH OF MACHINE EJECTOR 187
12.3 GENERAL EJECTION GUIDELINES 187
12.3.1 STROKE, CLEARANCE, AND PRODUCT HEIGHT 187
12.3.2 VENTING 190
12.3.3 WHERE TO EJECT RELATIVE TO THE PRODUCT 190
12.4 EJECTOR PINS AND SLEEVES 193
12.4.1 CLEARANCE (FIT) AND LENGTH OF LAND 194
12.4.2 SIZE, FINISH, AND SHAPE 194
12.4.3 SPECIAL EJECTOR SHAPES 195
12.4.4 NUMBER AND LOCATION OF EJECTOR PINS 197
12.5 EJECTOR AND EJECTOR RETAINER PLATES 198
12.5.1 EJECTION FORCE 198
12.5.2 INJECTION FORCES 199
12.5.3 INFLUENCE OF LOCATION OF EJECTORS RELATIVE TO MACHINE EJECTORS
199
12.5.4 EJECTOR RETAINER PLATE 200
12.5.5 PREVENTING EJECTOR PINS FROM TURNING 200
12.5.6 RETURN PINS 202
12.5.7 EJECTOR BOX 203
12.5.8 GUIDING EJECTOR PLATES 205
12.5.9 RETURNING THE EJECTOR PLATE 206
12.5.9.1 TIE THE EJECTOR PLATE TO M/C EJECTOR 207
12.5.9.2 USE LINKAGES ATTACHED TO THE MOLD 207
12.5.9.3 RETURN SPRINGS 207
12.5.9.4 AIR CYLINDERS 209
12.6 STRIPPERS 210
12.6.1 GENERAL RULES FOR STRIPPERS 211
12.6.2 GUIDING THE STRIPPER 213
12.6.3 STRIPPER RINGS 215
12.6.3.1 FIXED STRIPPER RINGS 215
12.6.3.2 FLOATING STRIPPER RINGS 216
12.6.4 STRIPPER BARS 219
12.6.5 STRIPPING FROM THE INJECTION SIDE 219
12.7 AIR EJECTION 220
12.7.1 PROBLEMS WITH AIR EJECTION 220
12.7.2 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF AIR EJECTION 221
12.7.3 POPPET EJECTION 222
12.7.3.1 RULES FOR ALL POPPET DESIGNS 223
12.7.3.2 POPPET WITH DOUBLE-ACTING ACTUATOR 224
12.7.4 BLOW JETS 225
12.7.4.1 BLOW-DOWN 226
12.7.5 BLOW SLOTS 228
12.7.5.1 OPEN BLOW SLOTS 228
12.7.5.2 CLOSED BLOW SLOTS 230
12.7.6 AIR EJECTION FROM THE INJECTION SIDE 232
12.7.7 COMBINED MECHANICAL AND AIR EJECTION 232
12.8 MULTIPLE EJECTION STROKE 233
12.9 SPECIAL EJECTION METHODS 234
12.9.1 NECK RING EJECTION 234
12.9.2 TULIP EJECTION 234
12.9.3 CORE PULL EJECTION 236
12.9.4 SWING ARM EJECTION 236
12.10 TWO-STAGE (AND MULTISTAGE) EJECTION 238
12.10.1 WHY AND WHEN TO USE TWO-STAGE EJECTION 239
12.10.2 TYPICAL TWO-STAGE EJECTION ACTUATIONS 240
12.10.3 MOVING CAVITY 244
12.11 MOLDING SURFACE FINISH 247
12.12 SEQUENCE OF EJECTION 248
12.13 COLLAPSIBLE CORES 250
12.13.1 ANGLED MOVING CORE 251
12.14 UNSCREWING MOLDS 252
12.14.1 CONVENTIONAL UNSCREWING METHODS 252
12.14.2 HUSKY S ORIGINAL UNSCREWING MOLD 253
12.14.3 HUSKY S NEW UNSCREWING MOLD SYSTEM 255
1
3 MOL
D COOLIN
G 257
13.1 INTRODUCTION 257
13.1.1 OBJECTIVES OF MOLD DESIGN 258
13.1.2 AVAILABLE ASSISTANCE 258
13.2 WHY COOL AN INJECTION MOLD? 259
13.3 WHAT AFFECTS THE COOLING OF A MOLD? 260
13.3.1 TEMPERATURE OF THE COOLING MEDIUM 260
13.3.2 TEMPERATURE OF THE PLASTIC-HEAT BALANCE 261
13.3.3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ENERGY 265
13.3.3.1 HEAT 265
13.3.3.2 TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES 266
13.3.3.3 HEAT CONDUCTIVITY 266
13.3.3.4 HEAT CONTENT 267
13.3.3.5 COOLANT FLOW 268
13.3.4 RUNNER SYSTEMS 270
13.3.5 TEMPERATURE OF THE MOLD SHOE 270
13.4 LAYING OUT COOLING CHANNELS 271
13.4.1 DISTANCE BETWEEN DRILLED (BORED) PASSAGES AND OTHER PASSAGES OR
WALLS. 271
13.4.1.1 LENGTH OF BORE 271
13.4.1.2 DRILL SIZE
. 271
13.4.1.3 FITTING SIZE 271
13.4.1.4 DISTANCES OF COOLING CHANNELS 272
13.4.1.5 STRENGTH OF MOLD MATERIAL 273
13.4.1.6 EFFICIENCY OF COOLING CHANNELS 273
13.4.2 LAYOUT AND SIZING OF COOLING IN THE MOLD PLATES 274
13.4.2.1 SIZE AND AVAILABLE MACHINE SPACE 274
13.4.2.2 NUMBER AND SIZE OF SCREWS 275
13.4.2.3 POSITION AND SIZE OF LEADER PINS AND BUSHINGS 275
13.4.2.4 OPTIMUM COOLING 275
13.4.2.5 COST 275
13.4.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL COOLING 275
13.4.3.1 BAFFLES IN PLATES 277
13.4.4 RUNNER AND CAVITY PLATE IN THREE-PLATE MOLDS 280
13.4.5 LAYOUT AND SIZING OF COOLING CHANNELS IN MOLD COMPONENTS
CONTACTING
MOLDED PRODUCTS 281
13.4.5.1 COMPRESSIBILITY AND SHRINKAGE OF PLASTIC 282
13.4.5.2 CAVITY, CORE, INSERT, GATE PAD AND STRIPPER COOLING 284
13.5 SIZE AND NUMBER OF SUPPLY LINES (HOSES) 310
13.6 COOLANT REQUIREMENTS FOR A MOLD 311
13.6.1 INTRODUCTION 312
13.6.2 CALCULATION OF HEAT INPUT 312
13.6.2.1 SPECIFIC HEAT 313
13.6.3 COOLING REQUIREMENTS 314
13.6.4 TEMPERATURE OF COOLING WATER 315
13.6.5 DEW POINT 315
13.6.6 QUANTITY OF COOLING WATER REQUIRED 316
13.6.7 EFFICIENCY OF COOLING 317
13.6.8 COOLING WATER SUPPLY 318
13.6.8.1 COOLING TOWERS 319
13.6.8.2 CHILLERS 319
13.6.8.3 SIZING OF CHILLERS REQUIRED 320
13.6.9 SIZE OF COOLING LINES 321
RECOMMENDED READING 322
14 HEA
T EXPANSIO
N 323
14.1 VARIABLES AFFECTING HEAT EXPANSION 323
14.2 FACTORS IN ACCEPTABLE STRESS 325
14.2.1 MATERIAL SELECTION 325
14.2.2 CREATION OF A COLD CLEARANCE 326
14.3 HEAT GRADIENT 327
14.4 PLATES 328
14.4.1 INTERLOCKS 328
14.4.2 INDIVIDUAL ALIGNMENT OF CAVITY STACKS 329
14.4.2.1 VERTICAL SHUT-OFF 330
14.5 HOT RUNNER MANIFOLDS 331
14.5.1 MOLD TEMPERATURE 331
14.5.2 PLASTIC TEMPERATURE 331
14.6 INJECTION BLOW MOLDS 332
1
5 STAC
K MOLD
S 333
15.1 THEORY OF STACK MOLDS 333
15.2 DEFINITIONS AND NOMENCLATURE 333
15.3 ARRANGEMENT 334
15.4 STROKE 334
15.5 SUPPORT 335
15.6 CLAMPING FORCE 338
15.7 ASYMMETRICAL LAYOUTS 339
15.8 OTHER IMPORTANT MACHINE AND MOLD FEATURES 339
15.8.1 SHOT VOLUME 339
15.8.2 RECOVERY RATE 340
15.8.3 INJECTION RATE 340
15.8.4 REPEATABILITY OF SHOT SIZE AND PRODUCT QUALITY 341
15.8.5 SPRUE BREAK 341
15.8.6 DECOMPRESSION OF THE HOT PLASTIC VOLUME 341
15.8.7 INJECTION WITH OPEN NOZZLES 342
15.8.8 INJECTION WITH SHUT-OFF NOZZLES 342
15.8.9 DAY LIGHT, SHUT HEIGHT, AND CLAMP STROKE 342
15.8.9.1 DAY LIGHT 343
15.8.9.2 STROKE LIMITERS 343
15.8.9.3 SHUT HEIGHT 343
15.8.9.4 CLAMP STROKE 343
15.8.10 INJECTION CARRIAGE TRAVEL 343
15.8.10.1 INJECTION CARRIAGE FORWARD STOP 344
15.8.11 PURGE GUARD 344
15.8.12 EJECTION 344
15.8.13 CENTER SECTION SUPPORTS 344
15.8.14 DROP LIMITERS 345
15.8.15 MOLD BREAK FORCE 345
15.9 RULES FOR STACK MOLD DESIGN 346
15.9.1 CAVITY LAYOUT 346
15.9.2 LENGTH OF SPRUE BAR 347
15.9.3 HEATING OF SPRUE BAR 347
15.9.4 PROTECTION FROM ACCIDENTAL CONTACT WITH SPRUE BAR 347
15.9.5 GUIDING THE SPRUE BAR 347
15.9.6 CLAMP STROKE 348
15.9.7 ACTUATION OF EJECTION MECHANISMS 348
15.9.7.1 CHAINS OR PULL RODS 348
15.9.7.2 EJECTION SYSTEM ADDED TO STATIONARY PLATEN 348
15.9.7.3 ACTUATING CYLINDERS IN MOLD PLATE 349
15.9.7.4 EJECTION LINKED WITH THE MOLD MOVEMENT 349
15.9.7.5 TWO-STAGE EJECTION 351
15.10 WATER, AIR, AND POWER SUPPLY TO THE CENTER SECTION 351
15.10.1 MOLD SERVICES 351
SECTIO
N 3 SPECIFI
C SUBJECT
S FOR TH
E MOL
D DESIGNE
R
1
6 MOL
D MATERIAL
S SPECIFICATION
S 353
16.1 MATERIAL COMPARISONS 353
16.2 GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF MOLD MATERIALS 354
16.3 HEAT TREATING 358
16.3.1 STRESS RELIEVING 359
16.3.2 CARBURIZING 359
16.3.2.1 DEPTH OF PENETRATION 359
16.3.2.2 PARTIAL CARBURIZING FOR THIN SECTIONS AND THREADS 360
16.3.2.3 WHY USE CARBURIZING STEELS AT ALL? 360
16.3.3 NITRIDING 360
16.3.4 FLAME HARDENING, INDUCTION HARDENING 361
16.4 MOLD FINISHING 362
16.4.1 MOLDING SURFACE FINISHES 362
16.4.2 MOLDING SURFACE FINISHING SYMBOLS 363
16.4.3 SPECIAL TEXTURES 363
16.4.3.1 EDM TEXTURING 364
16.4.3.2 EDM FINISH 364
16.4.4 SAND BLASTING AND VAPOR HONING 364
16.4.4.1 SAND BLASTING 365
16.4.4.2 VAPOR HONING 365
16.4.5 POLISHING AND BUFFING 365
16.4.5.1 WHY POLISH? 366
16.4.5.2 COST OF POLISHING 366
16.4.5.3 DRAW POLISH 367
16.4.5.4 DIAMOND GRIT 367
16.4.5.5 MEASURING ROUGHNESS 368
16.4.5.6 POLISHING TERMS AND SEQUENCES 369
16.4.6 NONMOLDING SURFACE FINISHING SPECIFICATIONS 370
16.4.6.1 POLISHING OF SHARP CORNERS 370
1
7 MOL
D PLATE
S 371
17.1 PURPOSE AND MATERIAL SELECTION 371
17.2 DEFLECTION OF MOLD PLATES 372
17.3 FORCES AFFECTING MOLD PLATES 373
17.4 SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION OF PLATE DEFLECTION AND STRESS 373
17.4.1 DEFLECTION 373
17.4.2 STRESS 374
17.4.3 DESIGN CHECK 374
17.5 GUIDING OF MOVING PLATES 376
17.5.1 GUIDE SUPPORTS 376
17.5.2 GUIDING PLATES 377
1
8 META
L FATIGU
E 381
18.1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 381
18.2 METAL FATIGUE 382
18.2.1 WHAT IS FATIGUE? 382
18.3 FOUR BASIC TYPES OF LOADS 383
18.3.1 AXIAL LOAD 383
18.3.2 BENDING LOAD 383
18.3.3 SHEAR LOAD 384
18.3.4 TORSIONAL LOAD 384
18.4 LOAD FLUCTUATION, SIZE AND DIRECTION 384
18.5 FATIGUE LIFE CURVES 385
18.6 AVOIDING FATIGUE FAILURE IN MOLDS 389
18.6.1 MATERIAL SELECTION 389
18.6.2 FINISHING 389
18.6.3 PRODUCT SHAPE 389
18.6.4 STRESS CONCENTRATIONS 390
18.7 EFFECT OF HARDNESS ON FATIGUE LIMIT 391
18.8 EFFECT OF FINISH 392
18.9 EFFECT OF STRESS RISERS ON FATIGUE LIMIT 393
18.9.1 SECTION CHANGES 393
18.9.2 STRESS RISERS IN CORNERS 393
18.9.3 TOOL MARKS 394
18.9.4 SPLINES AND KEY WAYS 395
18.9.4.1 EXTERNAL THREADS OR SPLINES AND SNAP RING GROOVES 395
18.10 FRETTING 397
18.11 WELDING AND FATIGUE 397
18.12 OTHER AREAS AFFECTING FATIGUE LIFE 397
18.12.1 GRAIN STRUCTURE 397
18.12.2 LOCATION OF ENGRAVING 398
18.12.3 SHOT PEENING 398
18.13 EXAMPLES OF FATIGUE 398
18.13.1 CAVITY INSERTS 399
18.13.2 DRILLED HOLES IN CAVITIES 401
REFERENCES 402
19 SEREWS IN MOLDS 403
19.1 THREADED FASTENERS 403
19.2 HOW SCREWS WORK 403
19.3 TYPES OF SCREW THREADS BY METHOD OF MANUFACTURE 405
19.3.1 ROLLED THREADS 405
19.3.2 CUT THREADS 405
19.4 TYPES OF THREAD PITCH: FINE OR COARSE THREADS 405
19.5 HOLDING ACTION AND PRELOAD OF SCREWS 406
19.6 INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON SCREWS 409
19.7 EFFECT OF CYCLICAL LOADS ON SCREWS 411
19.8 LUBRICATION OF SCREWS 412
19.9 STEEL SCREW STANDARDS 412
19.9.1 SCREW STEEL PROPERTY 412
19.9.2 THREAD TOLERANCES FOR 12.9 SCREWS 413
19.9.3 LENGTH OF THREAD ENGAGEMENT 413
19.9.4 ADDITIONAL SUGGESTIONS REGARDING SCREWS AND SCREW JOINTS 414
19.9.4.1 ODD SCREW SIZES 414
19.9.4.2 DEPTH OF COUNTERBORE 414
19.9.4.3 SPACE FOR WRENCHES 414
19.9.4.4 OTHER SCREW HEAD TYPES 415
19.9.5 SHOULDER SCREWS (STRIPPER BOLTS) AND SET SCREWS 415
19.10 SCREW DATA 416
19.11 SCREWS AND STUDS FOR ADJUSTMENT 420
19.12 SECURING SCREWS 422
19.12.1 LOCK WASHERS 422
19.12.2 LOCTITEYY, PERMAFLEXYY, ETC 423
19.12.3 DEFORMED THREADS 423
19.12.4 WIRING OF SCREW HEADS 423
19.12.5 SCREWS SECURED BY PLASTIC INSERTS (NYLOKYY, ETC.) 424
19.13 NUTS 424
19.13.1 SECURING NUTS 424
19.13.2 COTTER PINS 424
19.13.3 JAM NUTS 425
19.13.4 NUTS SECURED BY PLASTIC INSERTS (NYLOKYY, ETC.) 425
19.13.5 OTHER METHODS FOR SECURING NUTS 425
19.13.5.1 LOCTITEYY, PERMAFLEXYY, ETC 425
19.13.5.2 LOCK WASHERS 426
19.13.5.3 TAB WASHERS 426
REFERENCES 426
2
0 MOL
D AN
D MOL
D PART
S HANDLIN
G 427
20.1 SAFETY 427
20.2 LIFTING PLATES 427
20.2.1 MACHINING OF A MOLD PART 427
20.2.2 LIFTING HOLES ON THE FACES OF A PLATE 429
20.3 EYE BOLTS 429
20.3.1 LIFTING AND SLINGING THEORY 429
20.3.2 SLINGING OF LOADS 431
20.3.3 DO
S AND DON TS OF EYE BOLT USAGE 432
20.3.4 EXAMPLES OF EYE BOLT USE 433
20.4 LIFT BARS 435
20.5 MOUNTING OF MOLD IN MACHINE 437
20.5.1 LARGER MOLDS 437
20.5.2 QUICK MOLD CHANGERS 438
20.6 LATCHES 438
20.6.1 LATCHES FOR MOLD SERVICING 439
2
1 AI
R AN
D OIL-HYDRAULI
C ACTUATOR
S 441
21.1 AIR CYLINDERS AND PISTONS 441
21.1.1 SINGLE-ACTING ACTUATOR 441
21.1.2 DOUBLE-ACTING ACTUATOR 441
21.1.3 SPEED OF BUILD-UP OF FORCE F 442
21.1.4 SEALS 444
21.1.5 LOCATION AND NUMBER OF CYLINDERS 444
21.1.6 ALIGNMENT 445
21.1.7 FINISH OF WALLS AND PISTON ROD 445
21.1.8 FORCE REQUIRED 445
21.1.9 EXHAUST NOISE 446
21.1.10 COST OF AIR OPERATION 446
21.2 OIL-HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS 446
21.2.1 HYDRAULIC OIL LINES 447
21.2.2 STROKE 448
21.2.3 BLEEDING OF AIR 448
21.2.4 INTERFACE WITH THE MOLDING MACHINE 448
21.3 MOLD SAFETY 448
22 RULES AN
D CALCULATION
S FOR DESIGNERS 449
22.1 PROJECTED AREA (A
PP
) OF PRODUCT 449
22.2 SHUT-OFF AREA OF STEEL (A
SS
) 450
22.3 CLAMPING FORCE F
C
!! 450
22.4 FATIGUE 451
22.5 COMPRESSION OF STACK 452
22.6 HOOP STRESSES AND CAVITY EXPANSION 453
22.7 SPRINGS 455
22.8 WEDGES 455
22.9 MISCELLANEOUS CALCULATIONS 456
22.9.1 DIMENSIONING OVER ROLLERS OR BALLS 456
22.9.2 DETENT 456
22.10 HEAT CONDUCTIVITY 457
22.10.1 HEAT EXPANSION 458
22.11 SPECIFIC HEAT 458
22.12 WATTAGE PER LENGTH OF HEATER 459
22.12.1 TUBULAR HEATERS 459
22.12.2 CARTRIDGE HEATERS 459
22.12.3 HEAT INPUT (IN W) PER MASS OF THE HOT RUNNER MANIFOLD 460
22.13 FREQUENTLY USED CONVERSION FACTORS 460
22.14 PRELOAD OF TAPER FITS 460
22.14.1 PURPOSE OF TAPER IN MOLDS 460
22.14.2 PURPOSE OF PRELOADS IN TAPERS 463
22.14.3 WEDGES AND SHUT-OFFS 466
22.15 HOW TO DIMENSION TAPERS 467
22.15.1 EXTERNAL TAPERS 467
22.15.2 INTERNAL TAPERS 467
22.15.3 ANGLED SURFACES 469
22.15.4 CONSTRUCTION (CHECKING) BALLS 470
22.16 FATIGUE IN STRIPPER RINGS OR ANY PRELOADED TAPER 471
22.16.1 STRIPPER RING 471
22.16.2 SELF-LOCKING OF TAPERS 472
22.16.3 STRESSES 473
22.16.3.1 CONTACT STRESS S
C
473
22.16.4 EFFECT ON PRELOAD BY GRINDING OF THE TAPER 474
22.17 CHAMFERS AND RADII 475
22.17.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 475
22.17.2 SPECIFYING CHAMFERS 476
22.17.3 SPECIFYING RADII 476
22.17.4 RADII IN CORNERS 476
22.17.5 HEELS 478
22.18 O-RING SEAL INSTALLATION 478
22.19 DRILLING IN MOLDS 479
22.19.1 TWIST DRILLS 479
22.19.1.1 ACCURACY OF HOLE LOCATION AND DIAMETER 479
22.19.1.2 COOLING OF THE CUTTING EDGES 480
22.19.1.3 LENGTH OF DRILLED HOLES 480
22.19.1.4 GUIDING OF THE DRILL POINT 480
22.19.1.5 FINISH OF BORE 481
22.19.1.6 TWIST DRILL MATERIALS 481
22.19.1.7 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TWIST-DRILLED HOLES 481
22.19.1.8 AVAILABILITY OF TWIST DRILL SIZES 481
22.19.2 DEEP HOLE DRILLING (GUN DRILLS) 482
22.19.2.1 GUN DRILL MATERIAL 482
22.19.2.2 CUTTING EDGE OF THE DRILL 482
22.19.2.3 POSITIONING THE DRILL 483
22.19.2.4 DIAMETER AND LENGTH OF GUN DRILLS 484
22.19.2.5 COOLING OF CUTTING EDGE 485
22.19.2.6 HARD SPOTS IN MATERIAL 485
22.19.2.7 EFFECTS OF WANDERING OF DRILL 485
22.19.2.8 FINISH OF DEEP HOLE DRILLED CHANNELS 485
22.19.2.9 SUGGESTIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF DEEP HOLES 486
22.19.3 DRILLING OF COOLING AND AIR CHANNELS IN MOLDS 486
22.19.3.1 CROSS DRILLING 487
22.19.3.2 BAFFLES FOR COOLING FLOW 487
22.19.3.3 PLUGGING OF COOLANT CHANNELS 489
22.19.3.4 DISTANCE OF WATERLINES FROM HOLES AND SURFACES 490
22.19.3.5 DIMENSIONING OF DRILLED BORES 491
PAR
T I
I MOL
D PERFORMANC
E
2
3 MOL
D PERFORMANC
E AN
D MOL
D LIF
E 493
2
4 FREQUENTL
Y ASKE
D QUESTION
S ABOU
T MOL
D PERFORMANC
E 497
24.1 WHAT IS THE LIFE EXPECTANCY OF A MOLD? 497
24.1.1 PRODUCT OBSOLESCENCE 497
24.1.2 MOLD OBSOLESCENCE 497
24.2 WHAT AFFECTS PHYSICAL MOLD LIFE? 498
24.2.1 MECHANICAL COMPONENTS 498
24.2.2 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS 499
24.3 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, AND
EFFICIENCY? 499
24.3.1 PRODUCTION 499
24.3.2 PRODUCTIVITY 500
24.3.3 EFFICIENCY 500
24.4 HOW DOES PERFORMANCE AFFECT THE COST OF A MOLDED PRODUCT? 501
24.4.1 PLASTIC COST 502
24.4.2 POWER, WATER, AND COMPRESSED AIR COSTS 502
24.4.3 DIRECT LABOR COSTS REQUIRED TO MAKE A PRODUCT 503
24.4.4 MOLD COST 505
24.4.5 MACHINE (HOUR) COST 506
24.4.6 MAINTENANCE COST 508
24.4.7 FIXED PLANT COSTS 508
2
5 CYCL
E TIM
E 509
25.1 EFFECT OF PRODUCT DESIGN 509
25.1.1 WALL THICKNESS T 509
25.1.2 UNIFORMITY OF WALLS 509
25.1.3 FEASIBILITY OF GOOD COOLING PROVIDED TO ALL PRODUCT AREAS 509
25.2 EFFECT OF MOLD DESIGN 510
25.2.1 HEAT EXCHANGE 510
25.2.2 PLASTIC DISTRIBUTION 510
25.2.3 VENTING 510
25.2.4 EJECTION 510
25.3 EFFECT OF MACHINE SIZE SELECTION 511
25.4 EFFECT OF MOLDING MATERIAL (PLASTIC) 511
25.4.1 VISCOSITY 511
25.4.2 CRYSTALLINITY 511
25.4.3 STOCK TEMPERATURE 512
25.4.4 HEAT CONDUCTIVITY 512
25.4.5 SOURCES OF PLASTIC 512
25.5 EFFECT OF PRODUCT TEMPERATURE AT EJECTION 513
25.5.1 STRESSES IN THE PRODUCT 513
25.5.2 STRIPPING OF UNDERCUTS OR THREADS 513
25.6 EFFECT OF INJECTION (FILLING) SPEED 513
25.6.1 MACHINE CAPABILITY 514
25.6.2 TYPE OF PLASTIC 514
25.6.3 PRODUCT DESIGN 514
25.6.4 MOLD DESIGN 514
25.7 INJECTION CAPACITY 516
25.7.1 PLASTICIZING CAPACITY 516
25.7.1.1 RS MACHINES 516
25.7.1.2 P MACHINES 517
25.7.1.3 SELECTION OF EXTRUDER SIZE 517
25.7.2 SHOT SIZE AND NUMBER OF CAVITIES 517
25.7.2.1 NUMBER OF CAVITIES 518
25.7.2.2 PRESSURE DROP 518
25.7.2.3 SHOT CAPACITY 519
25.7.2.4 FLOW MOLDING 519
25.8 EJECTION TIMING 519
25.9 LENGTH OF CLAMP STROKE 520
25.10 MOLD COOLING 520
25.10.1 COOLING EFFICIENCY 521
25.10.1.1 TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL (AT) BETWEEN PLASTIC AND COOLANT
. 521
25.10.1.2 DISTANCE HEAT MUST TRAVEL FROM HOT PLASTIC TO COOLANT
CHANNELS 521
25.10.1.3 HEAT CONDUCTIVITY OF MOLD MATERIALS 521
25.10.1.4 DIRT IN COOLANT, AND CORROSION 522
25.10.1.5 SPECIFIC HEAT OF THE COOLANT 522
25.10.1.6 FLOW CHARACTERISTIC OF COOLANT INSIDE CHANNELS 522
25.10.1.7 VOLUME OF COOLANT PER UNIT OF TIME 523
26 WALL THICKNES
S 525
26.1 INJECTION PRESSURE 525
26.1.1 INJECTION PRESSURE BEHIND THE MACHINE NOZZLE 525
26.1.2 ACTUAL PRESSURE INSIDE THE CAVITY SPACE 526
26.2 FLOW LENGTH 527
26.3 CLAMP FORCE 528
26.4 MELT INDEX 529
26.5 SHRINKAGE 532
26.5.1 WALL THICKNESS AND SHRINKAGE 533
26.6 COOLING TIME 534
26.6.1 THIN WALLS 534
26.6.2 HEAVY WALLS 534
26.7 CORE SHIFT 535
26.7.1 INACCURACIES IN MACHINING 535
26.7.2 MULTIPLE GATES 535
26.7.3 DEFLECTION 536
26.7.4 CORE SUPPORT 536
26.7.5 QUALITY OF ALIGNMENT FEATURES 537
26.7.6 WEDGE LOCK 537
26.7.7 OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING CORE SHIFT 537
REFERENCES 538
2
7 PRODUC
T SIZ
E AN
D SHAP
E 539
27.1 SHRINKAGE ALLOWANCE 539
27.2 MOLDING MATERIAL 540
27.3 OPERATING CONDITIONS 540
27.4 ACCURACY OF MOLD 540
27.5 MOLD COOLING 541
2
8 CRYSTALLINIT
Y 543
28.1 PROPERTIES OF INJECTION MOLDING GRADE PLASTICS 543
28.2 EFFECT OF COOLING ON CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 545
28.3 PRACTICAL EFFECT OF DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE
LAYERS 546
28.4 MELTING POINT (T
M
) AND GLASS TRANSITION POINT (T
G
) 546
28.5 PET PREFORM MOLDING 546
28.6 DRYING OF PLASTIC 547
REFERENCES 548
2
9 MOL
D FORCE
S 549
29.1 CLAMPING FORCES 549
29.2 SCREW FORCES 551
29.3 MOLD OPENING FORCES 551
29.4 EJECTION FORCES 552
29.4.1 TENSION 552
29.4.2 COMPRESSION 552
29.4.3 DEFLECTION 553
29.4.3.1 EJECTOR PLATE DEFLECTION 554
29.4.3.2 STRIPPER PLATE DEFLECTION 554
29.4.4 TORSION 556
29.5 INJECTION FORCES 556
29.5.1 HYDRAULIC FORCES 556
29.5.2 COMPRESSION 558
29.5.3 TENSION 558
29.5.4 DEFLECTION 559
29.6 SHEAR FORCES 559
29.7 FORCES CAUSED BY UNEQUAL MOLD COOLING 559
29.7.1 HEAT EXPANSION 559
29.7.2 HOT RUNNER COMPONENTS 561
29.8 INJECTION UNIT FORCE 561
29.9 EFFECT OF SURFACE DEFINITION 561
3
0 PRELOA
D 565
30.1 WHAT IS PRELOAD? 565
30.2 CLAMP FORCE 566
30.3 FORCES ON SIDE CORES 568
30.3.1 FORCES MOVING SIDE CORES IN AND OUT 569
30.3.2 FORCES HOLDING SIDE CORES AGAINST PLASTIC PRESSURE DURING
INJECTION 569
30.3.2.1 WEDGES 569
30.3.2.2 HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS 569
30.3.3 PRELOAD ON A SIDE CORE 570
30.4 MOLD FORCES AT RIGHT ANGLES TO CLAMP FORCE 571
30.5 INSERTED CAVITIES 572
30.6 ONE-PIECE (MODULAR) CAVITIES 573
30.7 COMPOSITE CAVITIES 573
30.8 SIDE SPLIT CAVITIES 576
30.8.1 MUG WITH HANDLE 577
30.8.1.1 DETERMINING PRELOAD 579
30.8.1.2 CALCULATING PRELOAD IN WEDGES 580
30.8.1.3 SHIMS 580
30.8.1.4 STRESSES AND DEFLECTION IN SIDE CAVITIES 581
30.8.2 CRATE MOLD 585
30.8.3 PAIL MOLD 587
30.8.3.1 HOOP STRESS AND CAVITY EXPANSION 589
30.9 PRELOAD IN SCREWS 591
30.9.1 SHOULDER SCREWS 591
30.9.2 MOLD MOUNTING SCREWS 592
30.9.3 MOLD CLAMPS 593
3
1 WEA
R AN
D LUBRICATIO
N 595
31.1 WEAR CAUSED BY RESIN ACTION 595
31.1.1 ABRASION 595
31.1.2 CORROSION 596
31.2 CORROSION CAUSED BY COOLANT 597
31.3 CORROSION CAUSED BY ATMOSPHERE 598
31.4 WEAR OF TAPERS 598
31.5 LUBRICATION IN MOLDS 599
31.5.1 LEADER PINS, BALL BEARINGS, AND BUSHINGS 599
31.5.2 PRESSURE OR CENTRAL LUBRICATION 600
31.6 SPECIAL SURFACE TREATMENTS TO REDUCE WEAR 600
31.6.1 HARD CHROME PLATING 600
31.6.2 NITRIDING (HARD OR SOFT) 601
31.6.3 OTHER COATINGS 601
3
2 HOBBING-I
N O
F MOL
D PART
S 603
32.1 HOBBING 603
32.2 TYPICAL AREAS SUBJECT TO UNDESIRED HOBBING-IN 604
32.3 CONTROL OF HOBBING 604
32.3.1 STEEL SELECTION 604
32.3.2 SIZE OF THE CONTACT AREA 604
32.3.2.1 VENTING 604
32.3.2.2 DIRT ON THE PARTING LINE 605
32.3.2.3 PARTING LINE STOPS 605
32.4 TAPER LOCKS 606
32.5 SUPPORT OF MOLD PLATES 606
32.6 SUPPORT OF CAVITIES, CORES AND OTHER INSERTS ON MOLD PLATES 607
32.7 INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURES 608
GLOSSAR
Y 609
INDE
X 615
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Rees, Herbert |
| author_facet | Rees, Herbert |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Rees, Herbert |
| author_variant | h r hr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV010001738 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TP1150 |
| callnumber-raw | TP1150 |
| callnumber-search | TP1150 |
| callnumber-sort | TP 41150 |
| callnumber-subject | TP - Chemical Technology |
| classification_rvk | ZM 8160 |
| classification_tum | CIT 735f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)31900751 (DE-599)BVBBV010001738 |
| dewey-full | 668.4/12 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 668 - Technology of other organic products |
| dewey-raw | 668.4/12 |
| dewey-search | 668.4/12 |
| dewey-sort | 3668.4 212 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV010001738 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:44:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3446177299 1569901317 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006630780 |
| oclc_num | 31900751 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-12 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-210 DE-1102 DE-703 DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-12 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-210 DE-1102 DE-703 DE-634 |
| physical | XXII, 621 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1995 |
| publishDateSearch | 1995 |
| publishDateSort | 1995 |
| publisher | Hanser [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | SPE books |
| spelling | Rees, Herbert Verfasser aut Mold engineering Herbert Rees Munich [u.a.] Hanser [u.a.] 1995 XXII, 621 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier SPE books Plastics Molding Plastics Molds Thermoplast (DE-588)4059844-5 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd rswk-swf Spritzgießen (DE-588)4056561-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Spritzgießen (DE-588)4056561-0 s Thermoplast (DE-588)4059844-5 s DE-604 Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 s DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006630780&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Rees, Herbert Mold engineering Plastics Molding Plastics Molds Thermoplast (DE-588)4059844-5 gnd Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd Spritzgießen (DE-588)4056561-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059844-5 (DE-588)4114335-8 (DE-588)4056561-0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Mold engineering |
| title_auth | Mold engineering |
| title_exact_search | Mold engineering |
| title_full | Mold engineering Herbert Rees |
| title_fullStr | Mold engineering Herbert Rees |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mold engineering Herbert Rees |
| title_short | Mold engineering |
| title_sort | mold engineering |
| topic | Plastics Molding Plastics Molds Thermoplast (DE-588)4059844-5 gnd Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd Spritzgießen (DE-588)4056561-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Plastics Molding Plastics Molds Thermoplast Kunststoffverarbeitung Spritzgießen Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006630780&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT reesherbert moldengineering |