Genes and aging:
The maximum life span of multicellular organisms varies greatly: for a fruitfly it is about 30 days, for a dog about 20 years, and for a human about 100 years. Despite these differences, all animals show a similar pattern in their life spans - growth, adulthood, and aging, followed by death. The bas...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge u.a.
Cambridge Univ. Press
1994
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | The maximum life span of multicellular organisms varies greatly: for a fruitfly it is about 30 days, for a dog about 20 years, and for a human about 100 years. Despite these differences, all animals show a similar pattern in their life spans - growth, adulthood, and aging, followed by death. The basic cause of aging in multicellular organisms (eukaryotes) lies at the level of the genes, although nutrition and various types of stresses do influence the rate and pattern of aging This book reviews the molecular biology of the gene in relation to aging. Until about a decade ago it was not possible to probe into the types of changes that occur in eukaryotic genes, due to their enormous complexity The use of genetic engineering techniques, however, is beginning to unravel the changes that occur in the genes as an organism ages: such as the changing expression of specific genes under normal conditions and under various types of stress, the changes in the regulatory roles of the sequences in the promoter regions of genes, conformational changes that may occur in genes during aging, and the protein factors that are involved in the aging process. The author presents basic information on eukaryotic genes and follows this with details of the changes that occur in their structure and function during aging He reviews the latest studies being carried out in various laboratories, outlines the gaps and deficiencies in our present knowledge, and suggests the most profitable future areas of research. Genes and Aging is for all students and researchers interested in the molecular biology of aging |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 322 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521382998 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a The maximum life span of multicellular organisms varies greatly: for a fruitfly it is about 30 days, for a dog about 20 years, and for a human about 100 years. Despite these differences, all animals show a similar pattern in their life spans - growth, adulthood, and aging, followed by death. The basic cause of aging in multicellular organisms (eukaryotes) lies at the level of the genes, although nutrition and various types of stresses do influence the rate and pattern of aging | |
| 520 | |a This book reviews the molecular biology of the gene in relation to aging. Until about a decade ago it was not possible to probe into the types of changes that occur in eukaryotic genes, due to their enormous complexity The use of genetic engineering techniques, however, is beginning to unravel the changes that occur in the genes as an organism ages: such as the changing expression of specific genes under normal conditions and under various types of stress, the changes in the regulatory roles of the sequences in the promoter regions of genes, conformational changes that may occur in genes during aging, and the protein factors that are involved in the aging process. The author presents basic information on eukaryotic genes and follows this with details of the changes that occur in their structure and function during aging | ||
| 520 | |a He reviews the latest studies being carried out in various laboratories, outlines the gaps and deficiencies in our present knowledge, and suggests the most profitable future areas of research. Genes and Aging is for all students and researchers interested in the molecular biology of aging | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124342159671296 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Genes and aging
M S JCANUNGO
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, and
Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar,
India
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
Preface page ix
1 Introduction
Phases in life span
Development
Reproductive phase
Senescence
Functional changes during aging
Life span
Longevity
Evolution of aging
Cell death
The science of aging
2 Phenotypic changes during aging
Changes in levels of enzymes
Kinetics and other parameters of enzymes
Changes in multiple forms of proteins during aging
Induction of enzymes
Changes in collagen
Turnover of proteins
Modifications of bases
Changes in RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Messenger RNA
Turnover of RNA
DNA polymerases
Conclusions
vi Contents
3 Chromatin 55
Histones 57
HI histone 58
Core histones - H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 60
H5 histone 61
Protamines 62
Histone genes 63
Histone variants 64
Modifications of chromosomal proteins 65
Acetylation 65
Phosphorylation 69
Poly(ADP)-ribosylation 72
Methylation 73
Ubiquitination 76
Synthesis and turnover of histones 78
Nonhistone chromosomal proteins 79
Structure of chromatin 82
DNA-histone interactions 89
Higher-order structure of chromatin 90
Interphase chromosomes 95
Metaphase chromosomes 95
Chromatin structure and transcription 96
Active and inactive chromatin 98
Protein-coding genes 99
Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA genes 105
Age-related changes in chromatin structure and
function 106
Summary 113
4 Eukaryotic genes 115
Exons and introns 115
Transcription 119
RNA polymerase II 120
Transcription factors 121
Processing of pre-mRNA, pre-tRNA, and
pre-rRNA 124
Splicing of pre-mRNA 125
Splicing of pre-rRNA and pre-tRNA 126
Structure of eukaryotic genes 126
DNA sequences that control transcription 128
Contents vii
Cis-acting elements 128
Repeated DNA sequences 142
DNA-binding proteins 143
Helix-turn-helix (HTH) 143
Helix-loop-helix (HLH) 145
Zinc finger 146
Leucine zipper 149
Modifications of bases in DNA 152
Methylation 152
Other modifications 155
Mechanism of action of regulatory elements in
genes 157
Factors that regulate transcription 157
Regulation of gene expression 159
Conclusions 164
5 Changes in gene expression during aging 167
Programmed cell death 168
Gene expression in vivo 173
Genes for enzymes 175
Genes for other proteins 180
Genes for acute-phase proteins • 185
Heat-shock protein genes 188
Genes for structural proteins 191
Oncogenes 196
Transgenes 198
Gene expression in vitro 199
Dominant nature of cellular senescence 199
Chromosome implicated in cellular senescence 201
Proto-oncogenes and cellular senescence 201
Response to heat stress 205
Inhibitors of cellular proliferation 206
Cause of senescence of fibroblasts 207
Changes in gene expression 211
Reactivation of genes in old age 212
Genes in X chromosomes 212
Increased activation of other genes 215
Amyloid precursor protein gene and Alzheimer s
disease 216
Methylation 221
viii Contents
Alterations in mitochondrial DNA 225
Editing and splicing of RNA 230
Editing of mRNA 230
Alternative splicing of pre-RNA 234
Telomere DNA 239
Conclusions 242
6 Theories of aging 246
Somatic mutation theory 249
DNA damage and repair 253
Error theory 257
Disposable soma theory 265
Dysdifferentiation hypothesis 266
Gene regulation theory 267
Deterioration of function 269
Determination of life span 275
7 Conclusions and future prospects 283
References 290
Index 320
|
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| id | DE-604.BV009971316 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:44:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521382998 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Kanungo, Madhu S. Verfasser aut Genes and aging M. S. Kanungo 1. publ. Cambridge u.a. Cambridge Univ. Press 1994 XII, 322 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The maximum life span of multicellular organisms varies greatly: for a fruitfly it is about 30 days, for a dog about 20 years, and for a human about 100 years. Despite these differences, all animals show a similar pattern in their life spans - growth, adulthood, and aging, followed by death. The basic cause of aging in multicellular organisms (eukaryotes) lies at the level of the genes, although nutrition and various types of stresses do influence the rate and pattern of aging This book reviews the molecular biology of the gene in relation to aging. Until about a decade ago it was not possible to probe into the types of changes that occur in eukaryotic genes, due to their enormous complexity The use of genetic engineering techniques, however, is beginning to unravel the changes that occur in the genes as an organism ages: such as the changing expression of specific genes under normal conditions and under various types of stress, the changes in the regulatory roles of the sequences in the promoter regions of genes, conformational changes that may occur in genes during aging, and the protein factors that are involved in the aging process. The author presents basic information on eukaryotic genes and follows this with details of the changes that occur in their structure and function during aging He reviews the latest studies being carried out in various laboratories, outlines the gaps and deficiencies in our present knowledge, and suggests the most profitable future areas of research. Genes and Aging is for all students and researchers interested in the molecular biology of aging Cellule - Sénescence Cellules - Vieillissement ram Cellules eucaryotes - Physiologie Genen gtt Sénescence Veroudering (biologie, psychologie) gtt Vieillissement - Aspect génétique ram Vieillissement - Génétique Vieillissement de la cellule Aging Genetic aspects Aging genetics Cells Aging Zelle (DE-588)4067537-3 gnd rswk-swf Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 gnd rswk-swf Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd rswk-swf Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 s Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 s DE-604 Zelle (DE-588)4067537-3 s HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006607086&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kanungo, Madhu S. Genes and aging Cellule - Sénescence Cellules - Vieillissement ram Cellules eucaryotes - Physiologie Genen gtt Sénescence Veroudering (biologie, psychologie) gtt Vieillissement - Aspect génétique ram Vieillissement - Génétique Vieillissement de la cellule Aging Genetic aspects Aging genetics Cells Aging Zelle (DE-588)4067537-3 gnd Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 gnd Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4067537-3 (DE-588)4068596-2 (DE-588)4071711-2 |
| title | Genes and aging |
| title_auth | Genes and aging |
| title_exact_search | Genes and aging |
| title_full | Genes and aging M. S. Kanungo |
| title_fullStr | Genes and aging M. S. Kanungo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genes and aging M. S. Kanungo |
| title_short | Genes and aging |
| title_sort | genes and aging |
| topic | Cellule - Sénescence Cellules - Vieillissement ram Cellules eucaryotes - Physiologie Genen gtt Sénescence Veroudering (biologie, psychologie) gtt Vieillissement - Aspect génétique ram Vieillissement - Génétique Vieillissement de la cellule Aging Genetic aspects Aging genetics Cells Aging Zelle (DE-588)4067537-3 gnd Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 gnd Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cellule - Sénescence Cellules - Vieillissement Cellules eucaryotes - Physiologie Genen Sénescence Veroudering (biologie, psychologie) Vieillissement - Aspect génétique Vieillissement - Génétique Vieillissement de la cellule Aging Genetic aspects Aging genetics Cells Aging Zelle Altern Genetik |
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