Social forces & aging: an introduction to social gerontology
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Belmont, Calif.
Wadsworth
1994
|
| Ausgabe: | 7. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 607 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0534189482 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Atchley, Robert C. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Social forces & aging |b an introduction to social gerontology |c Robert C. Atchley |
| 250 | |a 7. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Belmont, Calif. |b Wadsworth |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 607 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Gérontologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gérontologie sociale | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Personnes âgées - États-Unis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vieillesse - Aspect social - États-Unis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geriatrics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gerontology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Part 1: Setting the Stage
CHAPTER 1 The Scope of Social Gerontology 3
What Is Gerontology? 4
Social Gerontology 4
What Is Human Aging? 5
Biological, Psychological, and Social
Aging 5
The Two Faces of Aging 5
Defining the Aging and the Aged 6
Chronological Age 6
Functional Age 7
Life Stages 8
Social Gerontology Is a Unique Field of
Study 10
Concepts and Theoretical
Perspectives 11
Factual Information 12
Research Issues 13
Some Important Gaps
in Knowledge 16
Social Policy Issues 16
Professional Practice 17
1
Careers in the Field of Aging 17
Summary 18
CHAPTER 2 The Demography of Aging 21
Measuring Age Structure 21
Population Pyramids 21
Proportion of Older People 24
Dependency Ratios 25
Life Expectancy 26
How Populations Age 27
Population Projections 28
Growth of the Older Population 29
Composition of the Older Population 30
Age and Sex 30
Race 32
Ethnicity 33
Marital Status 34
Education 34
Income 36
Implications 37
ix
Geographic Distribution of the
Population 37
Living Arrangements 41
Population Processes and the Older
Population 43
Fluctuating Birthrates 43
Changes in Mortality 45
Migration 47
Social Mobility 53
Summary 54
CHAPTER 3 The History of Aging in America 57
Modernization Theory 58
Modernity: Central Ideas 58
Aging and Modernization 59
Aging in Colonial America 61
From the Revolution to the Civil War 64
The Beginnings of Industrialization 68
Civil War to 1900 68
Rise of Science 69
Ideology of Material Progress 69
Beginnings of Retirement 71
Immigration 72
1900 to 1929 72
Changing Ways of Doing Work 73
Age Discrimination and Poverty 74
The Great Depression 76
The Spread of Poverty 76
The New Deal 77
1942 to 1965 79
Growth of Programs for Elders 79
Inequities amid Affluence 80
1965 to 1980 80
Legislation on Behalf of Older
People 81
Research on Aging 81
The 1980s 82
Modernization Theory Revisited 84
Summary 85
Part 2; Individual Aging 107
CHAPTER 4 Physical Aging 91
Why We Grow Older 91
Genetic Functions 93
Cross Links and Free Radicals 94
The Immune System 94
Physiological Controls 95
In Sum 96
Physical Consequences of Aging 96
Physical Energy 96
Sleep 97
Stature, Mobility, and
Coordination 98
Physical Appearance 99
Other Physical Changes 99
Aging and Physical Health 100
Health Conditions 102
Summary 106
CHAPTER 5 Psychological Aging 107
Aging and Specific Psychological
Functions 107
Sensory Processes 108
The Perceptual Processes 111
Psychomotor Performance 112
Mental Functioning 114
Practical Implications of Research into
Mental Functioning 122
Drives, Motives, and Emotions 125
Orientations: Time and Control 129
Adult Development: Personality, Self, and
Life Structure 130
Stage Theories 131
Process Theories 135
Age Changes in Personality 138
Age Changes in the Self 140
Defending the Personality
and Self 141
When Defenses Fail 143
Mental Disorders 145
Summary 147
CHAPTER 6 Social Aging 150
Defining Social Aging 150
Social Roles 151
Aging Affects Social Roles 152
Cumulative Effects 153
The Life Course 154
Dimensions of the Life Course 155
Age Norms 157
Decision Demands 158
Socialization and Acculturation 159
Role Anticipation and Adaptation 160
Social Development 161
Aging and Changes in Social Context 162
Role Changes 163
Changes in Groups 169
Changes in Environments 170
Life Styles 170
Summary 172
Part 3: Aging in Everyday Social Life 175
CHAPTER 7 Family, Friends, and Social
Support 177
Types of Bonding 177
Family 178
Couplehood 182
Other Types of Couples 192
Older People Not in Couples 193
Older Parents and Adult Children 194
Adult Children as Caregivers 206
Siblings and Other Kin 211
Family Caregiving 213
Grandparenthood 217
Friends 220
Factors Influencing Friendship 221
Approaches to Friendship 222
Changes in Friendship 222
Social Support 225
Summary 226
CHAPTER 8 Needs and Resources 229
Income 230
Income Distribution 230
Income Needs 230
Income Sources 232
Who Has Income Problems? 240
What Can Be Done? 243
Housing 244
Disability Changes Housing
Needs 244
Housing Alternatives 246
Relocation Problems 248
Retirement Housing 249
Retirement Nomads 250
Types of Housing Problems 251
Who Has Housing Problems? 252
Personal Care 253
Who Has Problems? 254
xii
What Can Be Done? 256
Health Care 257
Health Care Needs 257
Types of Health Care Problems 260
Problems with Financing Health
Care 263
Who Has Health Care Problems? 265
What Needs to Be Done? 265
Transportation 266
Who Has Transportation
Problems? 266
What Is Needed? 267
Community Facilities and Services 268
Facilities That Serve Older People 268
Services 269
Summary 271
CHAPTER 9 Employment and Retirement 273
Midlife Career Changes 275
Declining Labor Force Participation in
Middle and Later Life 276
Employment Problems of Older
Workers 277
Age Discrimination 278
Labor Market Problems 280
Disability 282
Bridges to Retirement 284
Retirement 284
The Link between People
and Jobs 285
The Evolution and Institutionalization
of Retirement 286
The Retirement Process 287
Aging and Attitudes toward Jobs and
Employment 288
Attitudes toward Retirement 289
Retirement Preparation 290
The Decision to Retire 292
Retirement as an Event 297
Retirement as a Role 298
Phases of Retirement 299
contents
Effects of Retirement on the
Individual 302
Situational Consequences 305
Personal Adjustment 308
Differences by Race and Gender 309
Summary 310
CHAPTER 10 Activities 313
Concepts About Activities 315
Continuity and Activities 315
Activities in Middle Adulthood 317
The Meaning of Activity 318
Activity Competence 318
Gender, Social Class, and Ethnicity 319
Aging and Changes in Activities 320
Completion of Child Rearing 321
Retirement 322
Widowhood 323
Physical Aging 323
Increasing Frailty 324
A Move to Congregate Housing 324
Institutionalization 325
Spheres of Activity 325
The Job 325
Community Organizations 325
The Home 334
Special Activities 335
What Activities Are Desirable for Older
People 336
Summary 337
CHAPTER 11 Dying, Death, Bereavement, and
Widowhood 339
Defining Death 340
The Meaning of Death 341
Dealing with Dying 343
The Role of the Dying Person 343
Stages of Dying 344
Needs and Tasks of the Dying
Person 345
Permitting People to Die 345
Care of the Dying 346
Bereavement 348
Death of a Spouse 350
Being a Widow 350
Being a Widower 354
Comparisons between Widows and
Widowers 355
Summary 356
Part 4: Personal Adaptation to Aging 359
CHAPTER 12 Personal Adaptation to Aging 361
What Is Adaptation? 361
General Ways to Adapt 362
Specific Adaptations 366
Adapting to Less Income 366
Adapting to Increased
Dependency 366
Adapting to Lost Roles
or Activities 367
Coping with Threats to Self Concept
and Self Esteem 369
Escape Rather Than Adaptation 371
Isolation 372
Use of Alcohol 372
Drug Abuse 373
Suicide 374
Effective Adaptation 377
A Case of Effective Adaptation 377
Summary 379
Part 5: Aging and Society 383
CHAPTER 13
General Social Responses
to Aging 385
Ideas About Aging 387
Language 387
Values 388
Beliefs 390
Stereotypes 392
Attitudes 394
Aging as Portrayed in the Media 395
Age Prejudice and Discrimination 402
Exchange Theory and Age
Discrimination 403
Societal Disengagement 404
Atrophy of Opportunity 404
Age Stratification 406
Summary 408
CHAPTER 14 Social Inequality 410
Social Class 410
Class Differences in Aging 411
Race 414
African Americans 414
Asian and Pacific Island
Americans 419
Native Americans 420
Ethnicity 421
Hispanic Americans 421
Gender 422
Multiple Jeopardy 423
Summary 425
CHAPTER 15 Deviance and Social Control 426
Older Deviants 426
Crime by Older People 427
Dementia as Deviance 430
Disability as Deviance 431
Alcoholism as Deviance 432
Sexual Deviance in Older People 433
Living in Single Room Occupancy
Hotels 434
Homelessness 437
Varieties of Deviance 441
Deviance Directed at Older People 441
Economic Crime and Exploitation 441
Violent Crime 444
Abuse and Neglect 444
Summary 445
CHAPTER 16 The Economy 449
Economic Ideology 449
Economic Structure 450
The Economics of Retirement Income 451
Sources of Retirement Income 452
Retirement Income Problems 454
The Tax System 455
The Economic Functions
of Retirement 457
Retirement Income in the Future 458
Is Aging Responsible for Our Economic
Woes? 461
Private Enterprise and Service
Delivery 463
Older People as Consumers 464
Summary 468
CHAPTER 17 Politics and Government 470
Political Activity 472
Political Opinions 472
Voting 473
Party Affiliation 475
Holding Political Office 476
Political Influence 477
Older People as a Pressure Group 477
Advocacy for Older People 479
Political Legitimacy and Utility 481
The Politics of Social Security 481
Lessons from the Medicare
Catastrophic Coverage Act 484
Government Response to Older
People 486
Making Policy 488
Summary 491
CHAPTER 18 Health and Social Services 493
Health Care Services 493
Models of Health Service 494
Patient and Client Flow 495
Financing Health Care Services 496
Medicare 496
Medicaid 498
Private Health Care Insurance 499
Gaps in Financing for Health
Care 501
The Structure of Advocacy 501
Regulation of Health Care 503
Regulating the Quality of Care 504
Regulating the Cost of Care 505
Health Planning 508
Overview 508
Social Services 509
The Older Americans Act 510
Social Services Block Grants 512
Summary 513
CHAPTER 19 Aging and the Future 515
Directions of Social Change 515
Demographic Clues to the Future 519
The Future of Physical Aging 521
The Impact of Biomedical
Research 521
Changing Patterns of Death and
Illness 522
Impact of the Wellness Movement 522
The Future of Psychological Aging 524
The Future of Social Aging 525
Society s Future Response 530
Major Policy Issues for the Future 531
The Future of Social Gerontology 534
Research 534
Education and Training 535
Jobs 536
Summary 537
Glossary 539
Bibliography 543
Index 600
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Atchley, Robert C. Verfasser aut Social forces & aging an introduction to social gerontology Robert C. Atchley 7. ed. Belmont, Calif. Wadsworth 1994 XV, 607 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gérontologie Gérontologie sociale Personnes âgées - États-Unis Vieillesse - Aspect social - États-Unis Geriatrics Gerontology Older people United States Alterssoziologie (DE-588)4142059-7 gnd rswk-swf USA Alterssoziologie (DE-588)4142059-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006530997&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Atchley, Robert C. Social forces & aging an introduction to social gerontology Gérontologie Gérontologie sociale Personnes âgées - États-Unis Vieillesse - Aspect social - États-Unis Geriatrics Gerontology Older people United States Alterssoziologie (DE-588)4142059-7 gnd |
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| title | Social forces & aging an introduction to social gerontology |
| title_auth | Social forces & aging an introduction to social gerontology |
| title_exact_search | Social forces & aging an introduction to social gerontology |
| title_full | Social forces & aging an introduction to social gerontology Robert C. Atchley |
| title_fullStr | Social forces & aging an introduction to social gerontology Robert C. Atchley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Social forces & aging an introduction to social gerontology Robert C. Atchley |
| title_short | Social forces & aging |
| title_sort | social forces aging an introduction to social gerontology |
| title_sub | an introduction to social gerontology |
| topic | Gérontologie Gérontologie sociale Personnes âgées - États-Unis Vieillesse - Aspect social - États-Unis Geriatrics Gerontology Older people United States Alterssoziologie (DE-588)4142059-7 gnd |
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