Cooperative development as process: four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Saarbrücken
Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik Breitenbach
1994
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| Schriftenreihe: | Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change
18 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zugl.: Nijmegen, Univ., Diss., 1994 |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 235 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3881566279 |
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements v
Contents vi
List of Abbreviations xii
List of Figures xiv
List of Tables xiv
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Stimulus for Research on Cooperatives 1
1.2 Local Debates 1
1.3 Research Objectives 2
1.3.1 Key Questions 2
1.4 Field of Inquiry 3
1.5 Operative Definitions and Assumptions 3
1.5.1 The 'Ideal Type' Cooperative 3
1.5.2 The Successful Producer Cooperative 4
1.5.3 Cooperative Consciousness 6
1.6 Research Methodology 7
1.6.1 The Theory 7
1.7 Reflections 12
1.7.1 Gaining Access 12
1.7.2 Petty Politics and'Objective Research' 13
1.7.3 The Researcher in Context 14
1.7.4 Strengths and Limitations 14
1.8 Structure of the Dissertation 16
CHAPTER 2
THEORIES OF PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRATIC
ORGANISATION
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 No Single Model 19
2.3 Rothschild and Whitt (1986) A Model of Participatory
Democratic Organisation 21
2.4 Abell (1981) Principles of Democratic Organisation 25
2.5 Bernstein (1976, 1983) Minimally Necessary
Conditions for Effective Participatory Democratisation 27
2.5.1 Participation in Decision Making 28
2.5.2 Sharing Information 28
2.5.3 Independent Judiciary 29
2.5.4 A Participatory Democratic Consciousness 29
2.5.5 Guaranteed Individual Rights 30
2.5.6 Guaranteed Return from the Surplus 31
2.5.7 Ownership 32
2.5.8 Necessary Conditions: Problems and Solutions 32
vi
2.6 Brecker (1988) Theoretical Insights on Cooperative
Development as a Process 34
2.6.2 The Non Viable Stage 36
2.6.3 The Potentially Viable Stage 36
2.6.4 The Fully Fledged Cooperative Stage 36
CHAPTER 3
CONSTRAINTS, CONSCIOUSNESS AND SUPPORT
STRUCTURES
3.2 External Constraints 38
3.2.1 The Marginality of Cooperative Sectors 38
3.2.2 Absence of Ideology of Democratic Organisation 39
3.2.3 Absence of an Appropriate Legal Structure 40
3.2.4 Discrimination against Co ops 41
3.3 Internal Constraints 41
3.3.1 Time 41
3.3.2 Absence of Democratic Structures, Norms, and
Procedures 41
3.3.3 Interpersonal Conflict 42
3.3.4 Individual Differences in Skill and Experience 43
3.3.5 Lack of Appropriate Skills 43
3.3.6 Finance 43
3.3.7 Internal Limits to Growth 44
3.4.1 Education and Competence 44
3.4.2 Education: 'Political' Requisite for 'Real' Democracy 45
3.4.3 The need for Continued Education 46
3.5 Experience and Cooperative Consciousness 47
3.6 The Role of Support Structures in Cooperative
Development 48
3.6.1 Importance of Support Structures 48
3.6.2 Possible Functions 49
3.6.3 Methods and Dilemmas of Providing Support 50
3.6.4 The State as a Support Structure 52
CHAPTER 4
AN OVERVIEW OF COOPERATIVES IN SOUTH AFRICA IN THE
1980S
4.1 Introduction 58
4.2 Reform, Repression and Resistance: 1970s and 1980s 58
4.3 Some Indicators of the Crisis 60
4.4 Organising the Unemployed 60
4.5 The State and Cooperatives in South Africa 62
4.6 Types of Cooperatives in South Africa 64
4.7 Clusters of Producer Cooperatives 65
4.7.1 Cooperatives Linked to Service Organisations 65
4.7.2 Cooperatives Linked to Trade Unions 66
4.8 A Profile of Producer Cooperatives in the 1980s 71
vii
4.9 Practical Constraints 72
4.10 Cooperatives and Socialism 74
4.11 The Emergence of Service Organisations 76
CHAPTER 5
AN EXPERIMENT IN 'TOP DOWN1 COOPERATIVE
DEVELOPMENT:
THE LANGA SPINNING PROJECT
5.1 Introduction 78
5.2 Why Spinning? 79
5 3 The Initial Idea: Viable Business to Mondragon Type
Co op 79
5.4 The Spinning Project in 1989 81
5.4.1 Piecework and its Implications: "The more you spin, the
more you earn' 81
5.5 Strategies Adopted to deal with Unmarketable Yarn 82
5.5.1 Improving Quality 82
5.5.2 Temporary Retrenchments 82
5.6 Power Relationships 83
5.7 Cooperative Consciousness 85
5.8 Implications of these Conceptions for Co op
Development 87
5.9 Continuity and Change in the Spinning Project: The
Initial Process of Transformation into a Co op 88
5.9.1 Changes in Division of Responsibility 89
5.9.2 The Sheep Shop: Customer or Employer? 89
5.9.3 Contests over Production Time Lost 89
5.9.4 Contests over Ownership 90
5.10 Old Relationships in New Form: Shifts in the Sites of
Conflict while the Balance of Power remains 91
5.11 Conclusion 93
CHAPTER 6
TRAPPED IN POVERTY: LAUNISMA BRICKMAKING
COOPERATIVE
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Brief Profile of Crossroads 95
6.3 Historical Development of Launisma Enterprises with
Specific Reference to Launisma Brickmaking Co op 99
6.3.1 Formation of Launisma Enterprises 99
6.3.2 The Enterprises 99
6.4 Structure and Power Relations 100
6.5 Launisma Brickmaking: Market and Production 100
6.6 Membership Composition and Wages 101
6.7 Lack of Funds and Contests over Scarce Resources 102
6.7.1 Motor Repairs Departments: From Subsidisers to Private
Operators 102
viii
6.7.2 Financial Crises and Mismanagement 104
6.7.3 The Tables are Turned 104
6.8 Launisma Enterprises Joins the Unemployed Workers'
Movement 106
6.8.1 Relationship with the Unemployed Workers'
Movement 106
6.8.2 The Unemployed Workers' Movement versus the Power
Structure of Launisma Enterprises 108
6.9 The Tables Remain Turned 108
6.10 Aid Diffuses the Problem and Nothing Changes 109
6.11 Cooperative Consciousness 111
6.12 Conclusion 113
CHAPTER7
WORKING WITHOUT A BOSS: MONTAGU CARPENTRY
COOPERATIVE
7.1 Introduction 115
7.2 Brief Profile of Montagu 115
7.2.1 Demography and Political Economy 115
7.2.2 Slavery 116
7.2.3 Current Changes 117
7.3 Overview of Cooperatives in the Overberg 118
7.4 The Relationship between the Community Organisation
and Montagu Carpentry Cooperative 118
7.5 Historical Development of Montagu Carpentry Co op 120
7.5.1 Initial developments 120
7.5.2 Decline of the Enterprise 120
7.5.3 Appointment of a New Member Manager 121
7.5.4 Shift from Artisanal Carpentry Production to Assembly
Line Production 122
7.5.5 1988: A Year of Success 123
7.5.6 Further Changes to Production Organisation in 1988 124
7.5.7 New Problems lead to a Second Decline 125
7.5.8 Disagreements over Strategies 126
7.6 Tensions around the Management Producer
Relationship 127
7.7 Challenges to 'Baasskap': The Development of
Cooperative Consciousness 129
7.8 Conclusion 133
CHAPTER 8
FENCING SERVICES COOPERATIVE SOCIETY:
PHOENIX COOPERATIVE AND CO FOUNDER OF A SELF
FINANCE SCHEME
8.1 Introduction 136
8.2 The Zimbabwean Context: A Brief Overview 136
ix
8.3 Elements in the History of the Zimbabwean Cooperative
Movement 138
8.3.1 White Farmers'Marketing Co ops 138
8.3.2 African Peasants' Marketing and Supply Co ops 138
8.3.3 Contemporary Collective Co ops 139
8.3.4 Informal Pre Cooperatives 142
8.4 The State and Co ops in Zimbabwe 143
8.4.1 State Policy 143
8.4.2 State Action 144
8.5 Historical Development of Fencing Services
Cooperative 146
8.5.1 Taking over a Virtually Bankrupt Firm with the Help of
the Ministry of Labour 146
8.5.2 From a Self instated to a Democratically Elected
Executive Committee 148
8.5.3 Operation at 20 percent capacity for over Five Years 149
8.5.4 Reasons for Taking over the Firm Despite the Odds 150
8.5.5 Founding the Collective Self Finance Scheme 150
8.6 The Collective Self Finance Scheme 150
8.6.1 Aims and Objectives of the Scheme 151
8.6.2 Shifting the Balance of Power in Favour of Co ops 152
8.6.3 Development Policy of the Scheme 154
8.7 Relationship between the Scheme and its Members 155
8.8 Some problems with the Scheme 157
8.9 Fencing Services Almost Incorporated into Lancaster
Steel 158
8.10 A Turning Point in the History of Fencing Services Co¬
op 158
8.11 Tensions in the Management Producer Relationship 159
8.12 An Economic Setback for Fencing Services
Cooperative 165
8.13 Conclusions 166
CHAPTER 9
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COOPERATIVES
STUDIED
9.1 Introduction 169
9.2 The Contexts 169
9.2.1 Similarities between South Africa and Zimbabwe 169
9.2.2 Differences between South Africa and Zimbabwe 170
9.3 General Similarities among the Case Studies 172
9.4 General Differences among the Case Studies 173
9.5 Different Levels of Organisational Development and
Degrees of Democratisation 173
9.5.1 Levels of Organisational Development 174
9.5.2 Management 174
9.5.3 Implications for Cooperative Management 178
x
9.6 The Service Organisations 178
9.7 Relationships between Service Organisations and
Co ops 179
9.8 Cooperative Consciousness 180
9.8.1 Producers'Perceptions of a Co op 180
9.8.2 Significance of these comparisons 181
9.8.3 Managers' Perceptions of a Co op 181
9.9 Conclusions 182
CHAPTER 10
COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT: A PROCESS
10.1 Introduction 184
10.2 Degrees of Democratisation in the Cooperatives
Studied 184
10.3 Cooperative Development: A Process 185
10.3.1 The Pre cooperative Stage 185
10.3.2 The Non Viable Stage 187
10.3.3 The Potentially Viable Stage 187
10.3.4 The Completely Viable Stage 188
10.4 Abstract Stages versus'Real'Process 188
10.5 Implications for Practice 189
10.5.1 Service Organisations 189
10.5.2 Cooperatives 190
10.6 Findings and Related Conclusions 190
APPENDIX 194
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Secondary Resources 205
Primary Sources: Documents 224
Primary Sources: Interviews 226
DUTCH SUMMARY 228
CURRICULUM VITAE 235
xi |
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| genre | (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Fallstudiensammlung Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Afrique du Sud - Conditions économiques - 1941-1991 ram Zimbabwe - Conditions économiques - 1980- ram Südafrika (Staat) Südafrika (DE-588)4078012-0 gnd Südafrika Kontinent (DE-588)4058393-4 gnd Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Afrique du Sud - Conditions économiques - 1941-1991 Zimbabwe - Conditions économiques - 1980- Südafrika (Staat) Südafrika Südafrika Kontinent Simbabwe |
| id | DE-604.BV009839204 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:37:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3881566279 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006515668 |
| oclc_num | 32478106 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-384 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-384 DE-703 |
| physical | XIV, 235 S. Kt. |
| publishDate | 1994 |
| publishDateSearch | 1994 |
| publishDateSort | 1994 |
| publisher | Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik Breitenbach |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change |
| series2 | Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change |
| spelling | Erasmus, Zimitri Verfasser aut Cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa Zimitri Erasmus Saarbrücken Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik Breitenbach 1994 XIV, 235 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change 18 Zugl.: Nijmegen, Univ., Diss., 1994 Geschichte 1970-1989 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1970-1994 gnd rswk-swf Arbeidsparticipatie gtt BUSINESS SERVICES unbist COOPERATIVES unbist Coopératives de production - Afrique du Sud - Cas,études de - Zimbabwe - Cas,études de ram Productiecoöperaties gtt SOUTHERN AFRICA unbist WORKERS' PARTICIPATION unbist Producer cooperatives South Africa Case studies Producer cooperatives Zimbabwe Case studies Arbeitergenossenschaft (DE-588)4333560-3 gnd rswk-swf Produktionsgenossenschaft (DE-588)4047363-6 gnd rswk-swf Afrique du Sud - Conditions économiques - 1941-1991 ram Zimbabwe - Conditions économiques - 1980- ram Südafrika (Staat) Südafrika (DE-588)4078012-0 gnd rswk-swf Südafrika Kontinent (DE-588)4058393-4 gnd rswk-swf Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Südafrika (DE-588)4078012-0 g Arbeitergenossenschaft (DE-588)4333560-3 s Geschichte 1970-1989 z DE-604 Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 g Südafrika Kontinent (DE-588)4058393-4 g Produktionsgenossenschaft (DE-588)4047363-6 s Geschichte 1970-1994 z Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change 18 (DE-604)BV001788072 18 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006515668&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Erasmus, Zimitri Cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change Arbeidsparticipatie gtt BUSINESS SERVICES unbist COOPERATIVES unbist Coopératives de production - Afrique du Sud - Cas,études de - Zimbabwe - Cas,études de ram Productiecoöperaties gtt SOUTHERN AFRICA unbist WORKERS' PARTICIPATION unbist Producer cooperatives South Africa Case studies Producer cooperatives Zimbabwe Case studies Arbeitergenossenschaft (DE-588)4333560-3 gnd Produktionsgenossenschaft (DE-588)4047363-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4333560-3 (DE-588)4047363-6 (DE-588)4078012-0 (DE-588)4058393-4 (DE-588)4049850-5 (DE-588)4522595-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa |
| title_auth | Cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa |
| title_exact_search | Cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa |
| title_full | Cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa Zimitri Erasmus |
| title_fullStr | Cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa Zimitri Erasmus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa Zimitri Erasmus |
| title_short | Cooperative development as process |
| title_sort | cooperative development as process four case studies of producer cooperatives in southern africa |
| title_sub | four case studies of producer cooperatives in Southern Africa |
| topic | Arbeidsparticipatie gtt BUSINESS SERVICES unbist COOPERATIVES unbist Coopératives de production - Afrique du Sud - Cas,études de - Zimbabwe - Cas,études de ram Productiecoöperaties gtt SOUTHERN AFRICA unbist WORKERS' PARTICIPATION unbist Producer cooperatives South Africa Case studies Producer cooperatives Zimbabwe Case studies Arbeitergenossenschaft (DE-588)4333560-3 gnd Produktionsgenossenschaft (DE-588)4047363-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arbeidsparticipatie BUSINESS SERVICES COOPERATIVES Coopératives de production - Afrique du Sud - Cas,études de - Zimbabwe - Cas,études de Productiecoöperaties SOUTHERN AFRICA WORKERS' PARTICIPATION Producer cooperatives South Africa Case studies Producer cooperatives Zimbabwe Case studies Arbeitergenossenschaft Produktionsgenossenschaft Afrique du Sud - Conditions économiques - 1941-1991 Zimbabwe - Conditions économiques - 1980- Südafrika (Staat) Südafrika Südafrika Kontinent Simbabwe Fallstudiensammlung Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006515668&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV001788072 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT erasmuszimitri cooperativedevelopmentasprocessfourcasestudiesofproducercooperativesinsouthernafrica |