Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Chapman & Hall
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Ecotoxicology series
1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 236 - 281 |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 291 S. |
| ISBN: | 0412402009 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Series foreword xi
Foreword Colin Walker xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xxiii
1 Scope and limitations of classical hazard assessment 1
1.1 The exposure side of the equation 1
1.1.1 Surveys and monitoring programmes 2
1.1.2 Wildlife health considerations 3
1.1.3 Human health considerations 4
1.1.4 Environmental quality 6
1.1.5 Design of monitoring programmes 8
1.2 The toxicity side of the equation 11
1.2.1 Broad studies of lethal levels 11
1.2.2 Tissue levels associated with mortality or indices of
harm 14
1.3 Hazard assessment 16
2 Biomarkers of the nervous system 19
2.1 Esterase inhibition 19
2.1.1 Classification of esterases 19
2.1.2 Mode of action 20
2.1.3 Factors affecting activity 21
2.1.4 Direct mortality caused by cholinesterase inhibitors 25
2.1.5 Summary of experimental studies 27
2.1.6 Relationship to other biomarkers 32
2.1.7 Use of esterases as biomarkers 32
2.2 Biogenic amines 37
2.2.1 Introduction 37
2.2.2 Summary of experimental studies 38
2.2.3 Factors influencing activity 43
2.2.4 Relationship to other biomarkers 44
2.2.5 Use of biogenic amines as a biomarker 45
3 Biomarkers of the reproductive system 46
3.1 Studies of the breeding cycle 48
3.1.1 Introduction 48
3.1.2 Laboratory experiments 50
3.1.3 Experimental field studies 53
3.1.4 Observations on untreated individuals 54
3.2 Studies on embryos 56
3.3 Hormones 58
3.3.1 Effects of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons 59
3.3.2 Effects of organophosphates 64
3.3.3 Effects of oil 65
3.3.4 Receptors 65
3.3.5 Summary 68
4 Studies on genetic material 70
4.1 Introduction 70
4.2 RNA/DNA ratio 71
4.3 DNA adducts 72
4.4 DNA strand breakage 75
4.5 Degree of methylation of DNA 78
4.6 Sister chromatid exchange 79
4.7 Use of genetic material in monitoring 82
5 Mixed function oxidases 86
5.1 Introduction 86
5.2 Nomenclature 87
5.3 General description of the system 87
5.4 Factors influencing activity 89
5.5 Interactions with other biomarkers 95
5.6 Mechanism of action, receptors and dioxin equivalents 96
5.7 Use of mixed function oxidases as biomarkers 101
6 Thyroid function, retinols, haem and regulatory enzymes
6.1 Thyroid function 108
6.1.1 Introduction 108
6.1.2 Summary of experimental data 108
6.1.3 Factors influencing activity 113
6.1.4 Interactions with (or relationship to) other biomarkers 113
6.1.5 Use of thyroid function as a biomarker 114
6.2 Vitamin A (retinoids) 117
6.2.1 Introduction 117
6.2.2 Summary of experimental data 118
6.2.3 Factors influencing activity 120
6.2.4 Interactions with other biomarkers 121
6.2.5 Use of retinoids as biomarkers 123
6.3 Haem, porphyrins and inhibition of aminolevulinic
acid dehydratase (ALAD) by lead 125
6.3.1 Porphyrins: an introduction 125
6.3.2 Summary of experimental studies 127
6.3.3 Interrelationship with other biomarkers 129
6.3.4 Use of porphyrins as biomarkers 132
6.3.5 Inhibition of ALAD by lead 134
6.3.6 Factors affecting ALAD activity 134
6.3.7 Interaction with other biomarkers 135
6.3.8 Use of ALAD as a biomarker 136
6.4 Enzyme activity 138
6.4.1 Introduction 138
6.4.2 Amino acid metabolism 139
6.4.3 Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis 145
6.4.4 Oxidative phosphorylation 148
6.4.5 Phosphatases 150
6.4.6 Use of enzyme activity as a biomarker 151
7 Behavioural effects: their relationship to physiological 155
changes
7.1 Introduction 155
7.2 Types of tests used 156
7.3 Behavioural effects of polyhalogenated aromatic
hydrocarbons 157
7.4 Behavioural effects of organophosphates 157
7.5 Behavioural effects of heavy metals and other pollutants 160
7.6 Relationship of behavioural effects to biomarkers 165
8 Environmental immunotoxicology 167
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 The immune system as a target for xenobiotic
interaction 168
8.2.1 Immunodeficiency and immunosuppression 170
8.2.2 Altered host resistance to infections 171
8.2.3 Hypersensitivity, allergy and pseudoallergy 172
8.2.4 Autoimmunity 173
8.2.5 Immunopotentiation 174
8.3 Relationship of immunotoxicology and other toxic
effects 174
8.3.1 Immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity 174
8.3.2 Immunotoxicity and nephrotoxicity 175
8.3.3 Immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity 175
8.3.4 Immunotoxicity and impairment of metabolism/
detoxification 176
8.3.5 Immunosuppression and mutagenicity/carcinogenicity 177
8.4 Immunotoxic chemicals 177
8.4.1 Immunotoxicology of heavy metals, organometals and
metalloids 177
8.4.2 Immunotoxicology of aromatic hydrocarbons 179
8.4.3 Immunotoxicology of halogenated hydrocarbons 180
8.4.4 Immunotoxicology of carbamates and
organophosphates 183
8.5 Assessment and prediction of immunotoxicity 184
8.6 Application of immunoassays in environmental studies 187
8.7 Conclusions 188
9 The use of animals in wildlife toxicology 190
9.1 Introduction 190
9.2 The LD50 and related tests 191
9.3 Comparison of measurements in blood to organs 193
9.4 The role of tissue culture experiments 197
9.5 Statistical considerations 200
10 The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment 201
10.1 Biomarkers and the epidemiological approach 201
10.2 Current status of monitoring based on biomarkers 204
10.3 Relationship between chemical exposure and
biomarker response 205
10.3.1 Availability of biomarkers that respond to major
classes of pollutants 205
10.3.2 Sensitivity of response of biomarkers 206
10.4 Relationship between responses of biomarkers to
adverse effects 211
10.4.1 Extrapolation to harm at the individual level 212
10.4.2 Extrapolation to harm at the population and
community level 220
10.5 Strategy for using biomarkers 222
Appendix 1 Latin names of species referred to in text 227
Appendix 2 Abbreviations 231
References 236
Index 282
|
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:41:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0412402009 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006513704 |
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| physical | XXI, 291 S. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Chapman & Hall |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ecotoxicology series |
| series2 | Ecotoxicology series |
| spelling | Peakall, David B. Verfasser aut Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators David Peakall 1. ed. London u.a. Chapman & Hall 1992 XXI, 291 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ecotoxicology series 1 Literaturverz. S. 236 - 281 Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 gnd rswk-swf Biomonitoring (DE-588)4224449-3 gnd rswk-swf Bioindikator (DE-588)4006841-9 gnd rswk-swf Biomarker (DE-588)4425928-1 gnd rswk-swf Biomonitoring (DE-588)4224449-3 s Bioindikator (DE-588)4006841-9 s DE-604 Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 s Biomarker (DE-588)4425928-1 s Ecotoxicology series 1 (DE-604)BV009836765 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006513704&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Peakall, David B. Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators Ecotoxicology series Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 gnd Biomonitoring (DE-588)4224449-3 gnd Bioindikator (DE-588)4006841-9 gnd Biomarker (DE-588)4425928-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4060087-7 (DE-588)4224449-3 (DE-588)4006841-9 (DE-588)4425928-1 |
| title | Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators |
| title_auth | Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators |
| title_exact_search | Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators |
| title_full | Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators David Peakall |
| title_fullStr | Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators David Peakall |
| title_full_unstemmed | Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators David Peakall |
| title_short | Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators |
| title_sort | animal biomarkers as pollution indicators |
| topic | Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 gnd Biomonitoring (DE-588)4224449-3 gnd Bioindikator (DE-588)4006841-9 gnd Biomarker (DE-588)4425928-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tiere Biomonitoring Bioindikator Biomarker |
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