The international regulation of extinction:
"During the summer of 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro was hailed as a watershed moment in the ecology movement. Over 100 nations signed a new international treaty intended to conserve biological diversity. Yet, every day, species - many not e...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
New York Univ. Press
1994
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. in the USA |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "During the summer of 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro was hailed as a watershed moment in the ecology movement. Over 100 nations signed a new international treaty intended to conserve biological diversity. Yet, every day, species - many not even discovered - are driven into extinction and the ecological crisis remains a pressing global problem." "Stressing the need to build bridges between the scientific community and international policymakers, Timothy Swanson here develops a new theory of the interplay between human society and the biological world. Biodiversity regulation, he argues, must focus specifically on the regulation of the global economic forces driving species into extinction. As the global development process becomes increasingly sophisticated, the specter of a homogenized biosphere looms large." "Yet, while biological diversity is responsible for a host of global benefits, it confers few tangible gains upon individual nations comparable to the immediate advantages of exploiting these same natural resources. The same economic rationale that drives farmers to grow coca leaf instead of grain compels countries to exploit natural resources rather than conserve them. In order to stave off the decline of biological diversity, Swanson proposes the creation of specific policies that will internalize the benefits of biodiversity on a national level."--BOOK JACKET. |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 289 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0814779921 |
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| 520 | 1 | |a "During the summer of 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro was hailed as a watershed moment in the ecology movement. Over 100 nations signed a new international treaty intended to conserve biological diversity. Yet, every day, species - many not even discovered - are driven into extinction and the ecological crisis remains a pressing global problem." "Stressing the need to build bridges between the scientific community and international policymakers, Timothy Swanson here develops a new theory of the interplay between human society and the biological world. Biodiversity regulation, he argues, must focus specifically on the regulation of the global economic forces driving species into extinction. As the global development process becomes increasingly sophisticated, the specter of a homogenized biosphere looms large." "Yet, while biological diversity is responsible for a host of global benefits, it confers few tangible gains upon individual nations comparable to the immediate advantages of exploiting these same natural resources. The same economic rationale that drives farmers to grow coca leaf instead of grain compels countries to exploit natural resources rather than conserve them. In order to stave off the decline of biological diversity, Swanson proposes the creation of specific policies that will internalize the benefits of biodiversity on a national level."--BOOK JACKET. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Bedreigde soorten |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Biodiversiteit |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biodiversité - Conservation - Coopération internationale | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biodiversité - Conservation - Politique gouvernementale | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Développement économique - Aspect de l'environnement | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Economische ontwikkeling |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Extinction (Biologie) | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Politik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biodiversity conservation |x Government policy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biodiversity conservation |x International cooperation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Economic development |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Extinction (Biology) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124190947672064 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
Preface xii
Acknowledgements xiv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Methodology 2
1.3 Biological Diversity 3
1.4 The Global Conversion Process 6
1.5 The Regulation of Biodiversity 10
1.6 The International Regulation of Extinction:
Institution Building 12
1.7 The International Regulation of Extinction:
Prospects and Prospectus 14
1.8 Conclusion 17
2 Global Biodiversity: Some Background and a Preview 19
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 The Global Conversion Process 19
2.2.1 Distinguishing Fundamental and Consequential
Causation 20
2.2.2 The Conversion Process and the Biosphere 21
2.2.3 The Nature of the Global Conversion Process 23
2.2.4 Global Non convexities 24
2.2.5 The Uneven Nature of Global Conversion 27
2.3 The Global Problem of Biological Diversity 30
2.4 Optimal Biodiversity Policy 34
2.4.1 Information Value of Diverse Resource Stocks 35
2.4.2 Insurance Value of Diverse Resource Stocks 37
2.4.3 The Value of Evolutionary Output 40
2.4.4 Optimal Biodiversity Policy 42
2.5 Conclusion 43
3 The Economics of Extinction Revisited and Revised 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 The Economics of Extinction Revisited 46
v
vi Contents
3.2.1 A Demonstration of the Clark Model 47
3.2.2 The Policy Implications Derived from
the Clark Model 48
3.3 The Economics of Extinction Generalised 50
3.3.1 The Problem of Endangered Species Generalised 51
3.3.2 Species as Productive Assets 52
3.3.3 Open Access Regimes and Investment Incentives 55
3.3.4 Conclusion 57
3.4 The Economics of Extinction Revised 58
3.4.1 Investment in Resource Stocks 59
3.4.2 Investment in Base Resources for Diverse
Resources 59
3.4.3 Investment in Management Services for
Diverse Resources 64
3.5 Implications of the Revised Model of Extinctions 66
3.5.1 Alternative Routes to Extinction 67
3.5.2 Rent Appropriation and Investment Incentives 68
3.6 The Decline of the African Elephant: A Case Study 69
3.6.1 An Application of the Clark Model? 71
3.6.2 A More Fundamental Explanation of Species
Decline 72
3.7 Conclusion 75
4 The Global Conversion Process 77
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 The Nature of the Process of Extinction 80
4.2.1 The Natural Process of Extinction 81
4.2.2 The Human Induced Extinction Process 84
4.2.3 The Nature of the Current Threat to Biological
Diversity 90
4.3 The Sources of Human Induced Extinction 94
4.3.1 The Force for Conversion 94
4.3.2 The Nature of Agriculture 99
4.3.3 Dynamic Externalities 104
4.4 The Impact of Specialised Species An Empirical
Example 110
4.5 Conclusion 113
5 The Commons and the State: Regulating
Overexploitation 116
5.1 Introduction 116
Contents vii
5.2 The Nature of the Commons Problems 119
5.2.1 The Open Access Regime 120
5.2.2 The Introduction of Property Rights
Institutions An Example 124
5.2.3 Fundamental Nature of the Commons Problem 128
5.2.4 The General Nature of the Solution to
the Commons Problem 133
5.3 Optimal Investments in Institution Building in the
Commons 134
5.3.1 The Role of the State Institution Building 135
5.3.2 The Nature of State Institution Building in the
Commons 136
5.3.3 The State s Objective in Commons Management 138
5.3.4 Optimal Institutions Generally 139
5.4 Regulating Overexploitation 141
5.4.1 The General Model of Bio Institutional Regulation 141
5.4.2 The Fundamental Environmental Problem of
Overexploitation 145
5.5 Conclusion 146
6 The Global Biodiversity Problem 148
6.1 Introduction 148
6.2 Regulating the Global Biodiversity Problem 149
6.2.1 The History of Biosphere Conversion 150
6.2.2 The Future of Biosphere Regulation 154
6.3 Optimal Policy and the Global Biodiversity Problem 156
6.3.1 Optimal Policy for Biological Diversity A Model 156
6.3.2 The Nature of Optimal Intervention 159
6.4 The Values of Global Biological Diversity 160
6.4.1 The Marginal Value of Biodiversity 161
6.4.2 The Portfolio Effect Static Value 164
.6.4.3 Dynamics: The Value of Exogenous Information 168
6.4.4 Dynamics: The Value of Endogenous Information 171
6.4.5 Conclusion The Value of Global Biological
Diversity 172
6.5 The International Regulation of Extinction: The General
Principles 173
6.5.1 International Intervention in National Resource
Management 174
6.6 Conclusion 177
viii Contents
7 International Intervention in National Resource
Management 179
7.1 Introduction 179
7.2 The Nature of the Problem Optimal Biodiversity
Policy 181
7.3 Optimal Biodiversity Policy with Instruments 182
7.4 The Nature of International Intervention 184
7.5 Alternative Instruments for International Intervention 187
7.6 International Intervention as Institution Building 190
7.7 Optimal Direct Inducements: International
Franchise Agreements 195
7.8 Conclusion 198
8 International Regulation of the Wildlife Trade 200
8.1 International Intervention and External Regulation 200
8.2 The International Regulation of Wildlife Utilisation 201
8.3 Demand Side Management of Tradeable Wildlife
Resources 203
8.3.1 The Nature of Rent Appropriation Mechanisms 205
8.4 Supply Side Management of Wildlife Resources 208
8.4.1 Stock Conditionality 209
8.4.2 An International Mechanism for Controlling
Access to National Commons 210
8.4.3 The Problem of Cross Border Incursions 211
8.4.4 The Problem of Manufacturer States 212
8.4.5 Layers of Selective Purchasing Programmes 213
8.5 Demand and Supply Side Management Combined 214
8.5.1 An Example: Wildlife Resource Exchanges 215
8.6 CITES as a Regulatory Mechanism 216
8.6.1 The Control Structure within CITES 216
8.6.2 The Convention as a Trade Regulation Mechanism 217
8.6.3 The Convention Recent Attempts at Innovation 219
8.7 Summary Current and Potential Wildlife Trade
Mechanisms 222
8.7.1 The Current Control System 222
8.7.2 The Direction for Change 223
8.8 Comparing Regulatory Mechanisms 225
8.9 Conclusion 226
9 International Regulation of Information 229
9.1 Introduction 229
Contents ix
9.2 Flow Appropriation Mechanisms: Intellectual
Property Regimes 231
9.2.1 Failures in Property Right Regimes 232
9.2.2 The Role of Surrogate Right Regimes 234
9.3 The Incentives for Information Production A Model 235
9.4 The Theory of Surrogate Property Rights 238
9.4.1 The Nature of Surrogate Property Rights 239
9.4.2 Surrogate Property Rights as Incentive Systems 240
9.4.3 The Comparative Costliness of Surrogate Rights
Regimes 244
9.5 The Application of Intellectual Property Rights to
Biodiversity Conservation 245
9.5.1 Biodiversity as Evolutionary Information 246
9.5.2 Incentives for the Conversation of Biodiversity 246
9.6 An Example: Informational Resource Rights 248
9.7 Conclusion 249
10 The International Regulation of
Extinction Conclusions 252
10.1 Introduction 252
10.2 The International Regulation of Extinction: Existing
Policies 253
10.2.1 Information and Intellectual Property Rights 253
10.2.2 Insurance and Crop Insurance Programmes 256
10.2.3 Diverse Resources and Wildlife Trade
Regimes (CITES) 258
10.3 The International Regulation of Extinction:
The Necessary Reforms 259
10.3.1 International Franchise Agreements 260
10.3.2 Wildlife Trade Regimes 261
10.3.3 Informational Resource Rights 262
10.4 Conclusion 263
Bibliography 265
Index 111
List of Tables
2.1 Countries with greatest species richness 22
2.2 Area devoted to modern rice varieties 26
2.3 Examples of genetic uniformity in selected crops 27
2.4 GNP per capita in the species rich states 28
2.5 Population growth in the species rich states 30
2.6 Impact of worldwide agricultural specialisation 38
2.7 Past crop failures from genetic uniformity 41
3.1 Estimates of African elephant populations 70
3.2 Park management spending by selected African states 73
4.1 Rates of conversion of natural habitat to agriculture 91
4.2 Recent rates of conversion to specialised agriculture 92
4.3 Estimated rates and projections of extinctions 93
4.4 Human appropriation of the earth s biological product 111
10.1 US Government expenditures and subsidies for
market based crop insurance policies 257
List of Figures
2.1 The global conversion process 31
2.2 Optimal policy regarding conversions 33
3.1 Clark bio economic model of extinction 49
3.2 Investment based model of extinction 54
3.3 Endogenising rates of growth 61
3.4 Optimal allocation of base resources (land) 63
3.5 Optimal allocation of management services 65
6.1 Optimal policy regarding conversions 151
|
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| author | Swanson, Timothy M. 1956- |
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| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| id | DE-604.BV009834663 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:41:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0814779921 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIV, 289 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1994 |
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| publisher | New York Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Swanson, Timothy M. 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)124128653 aut The international regulation of extinction Timothy M. Swanson 1. publ. in the USA New York New York Univ. Press 1994 XIV, 289 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "During the summer of 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro was hailed as a watershed moment in the ecology movement. Over 100 nations signed a new international treaty intended to conserve biological diversity. Yet, every day, species - many not even discovered - are driven into extinction and the ecological crisis remains a pressing global problem." "Stressing the need to build bridges between the scientific community and international policymakers, Timothy Swanson here develops a new theory of the interplay between human society and the biological world. Biodiversity regulation, he argues, must focus specifically on the regulation of the global economic forces driving species into extinction. As the global development process becomes increasingly sophisticated, the specter of a homogenized biosphere looms large." "Yet, while biological diversity is responsible for a host of global benefits, it confers few tangible gains upon individual nations comparable to the immediate advantages of exploiting these same natural resources. The same economic rationale that drives farmers to grow coca leaf instead of grain compels countries to exploit natural resources rather than conserve them. In order to stave off the decline of biological diversity, Swanson proposes the creation of specific policies that will internalize the benefits of biodiversity on a national level."--BOOK JACKET. Bedreigde soorten gtt Biodiversiteit gtt Biodiversité - Conservation - Coopération internationale Biodiversité - Conservation - Politique gouvernementale Développement économique - Aspect de l'environnement Economische ontwikkeling gtt Extinction (Biologie) Natuurbehoud gtt Politik Umwelt Wirtschaftsentwicklung Biodiversity conservation Government policy Biodiversity conservation International cooperation Economic development Environmental aspects Extinction (Biology) Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd rswk-swf Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd rswk-swf Internationale Kooperation (DE-588)4120503-0 gnd rswk-swf Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 s Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 s DE-604 Internationale Kooperation (DE-588)4120503-0 s Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006511835&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Swanson, Timothy M. 1956- The international regulation of extinction Bedreigde soorten gtt Biodiversiteit gtt Biodiversité - Conservation - Coopération internationale Biodiversité - Conservation - Politique gouvernementale Développement économique - Aspect de l'environnement Economische ontwikkeling gtt Extinction (Biologie) Natuurbehoud gtt Politik Umwelt Wirtschaftsentwicklung Biodiversity conservation Government policy Biodiversity conservation International cooperation Economic development Environmental aspects Extinction (Biology) Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd Internationale Kooperation (DE-588)4120503-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078523-3 (DE-588)4131912-6 (DE-588)4066527-6 (DE-588)4120503-0 |
| title | The international regulation of extinction |
| title_auth | The international regulation of extinction |
| title_exact_search | The international regulation of extinction |
| title_full | The international regulation of extinction Timothy M. Swanson |
| title_fullStr | The international regulation of extinction Timothy M. Swanson |
| title_full_unstemmed | The international regulation of extinction Timothy M. Swanson |
| title_short | The international regulation of extinction |
| title_sort | the international regulation of extinction |
| topic | Bedreigde soorten gtt Biodiversiteit gtt Biodiversité - Conservation - Coopération internationale Biodiversité - Conservation - Politique gouvernementale Développement économique - Aspect de l'environnement Economische ontwikkeling gtt Extinction (Biologie) Natuurbehoud gtt Politik Umwelt Wirtschaftsentwicklung Biodiversity conservation Government policy Biodiversity conservation International cooperation Economic development Environmental aspects Extinction (Biology) Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd Internationale Kooperation (DE-588)4120503-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bedreigde soorten Biodiversiteit Biodiversité - Conservation - Coopération internationale Biodiversité - Conservation - Politique gouvernementale Développement économique - Aspect de l'environnement Economische ontwikkeling Extinction (Biologie) Natuurbehoud Politik Umwelt Wirtschaftsentwicklung Biodiversity conservation Government policy Biodiversity conservation International cooperation Economic development Environmental aspects Extinction (Biology) Umweltpolitik Artenreichtum Wirtschaftswachstum Internationale Kooperation |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006511835&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT swansontimothym theinternationalregulationofextinction |