Techniques for pollination biologists:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Niwot, Colo.
Univ. Press of Colorado
1993
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 583 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0870812793 0870812815 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Techniques for pollination biologists |c Carol Ann Kearns ; David William Inouye |
| 264 | 1 | |a Niwot, Colo. |b Univ. Press of Colorado |c 1993 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 583 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Botanica |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Palynologie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Pollinisation |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wetenschappelijke technieken |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pollination |x Research |x Technique | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Inouye, David William |d 1950- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)172654637 |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124173846446080 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Techniques
for Pollination Biologists
CAROL ANNJCEARNS
Biology Department
West Virginia Wesleyan College and
Mountain Research Station, University of Colorado
DAVID WILLIAM INOUYE
Departments of Zoology and of Botany
University of Maryland
and Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction 1
2 Plants 11
A Collecting and Preserving Plants 11
B Marking or Tagging Plants 12
C Preventing Visitation 13
D Abiotic Pollination 19
1 Hydrophily 19
2 Anemophily 20
E Flowering Phenology 22
F Seeds 29
1 Seed Predation 29
2 Seed Viability 30
G Suggestions for Planning Studies 33
3 Flowers 35
A Marking or Tagging Flowers 35
B Preventing Visitation 37
C Morphological Measurements 39
1 Floral Measurements And Intercorrelations 39
a Corolla tubes 41
b Other floral measurements 42
c Flower orientation 44
2 Inflorescence Structure 45
Contents
3 Energy Content
D Floral Fragrance
E Flower Color
1 Visual Appearance to Humans
2 Measuring Visible Light Reflectance Levels
3 Measuring Spectral Reflectance
4 Ultraviolet Reflectance Patterns
F Gynoecium
1 Stigma Secretions
2 Stigma Receptivity
3 Techniques for Observing Ovules
4 Ovule Viability
G Suggestions for Planning Studies
4 Pollen
A Pollen Identification
1 Preparing Pollen for Viewing
a Light microscopy
i Acetolysis
ii Glycerin (Glycerol) jelly slides
iii Hoyer s medium
iv Polyvinyl lactophenol mounting medium
b Scanning electron microscopy
c Transmission electron microscopy
B Pollen Size
C Collecting Pollen
1 Anemophilous Pollen — Sticky Traps
2 Collecting from Anthers
D Pollen Quantification
1 Hemacytometers
2 Particle Counters
3 Other Methods
E Pollen Viability
VI
Contents
1 Germination Tests 100
a In vivo 100
b In vitro 101
c Semi-vivo growth of pollen tubes 106
2 Fluorochromatic Procedure 106
3 Tests for Enzyme Activity 108
a Nitro blue tetrazolium 108
b Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride 109
c Peroxidase reaction 109
4 Stains 109
a Alexander s stain 110
b Lactophenol-aniline blue 111
c Acetocarmine jelly 111
5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 112
F Storing Pollen to Maintain Viability 112
G Testing the Effects of External Factors on Pollen Viability 113
H Counting Pollen Grains on Stigmas 115
J Hand-pollination 119
1 Application 120
2 Estimating Numbers of Pollen Grains Applied 123
K Pollen Tubes 124
1 Light and Fluorescence Microscopic Examination of 126
Pollen Tubes
a Aniline blue epifluorescence 126
b Basic fuchsin/fast green 130
c Acidified aniline blue/acetocarmine 130
d Acetocarmine/basic fuchsin 131
e Aniline blue in lactophenol 131
f Alexander s combination of four stains 131
2 Electron Microscopy of Pollen Tubes Following 132
Semi-Vivo Culture
L Pollen Dispersal 133
1 Anemophilous Systems 134
vn
Contents
2 Entomophilous Systems 135
a Stains 135
b Fluorescent powder dyes 136
c Radioactive labels 140
d Neutron activation analysis 142
e Genetic markers 144
f Backscatter SEM and X-ray microanalysis 145
M Pollen Interference: Mechanical and Biochemical 146
N Pollen as a Resource 147
O Pollen as an Attractant 148
P Pollen Presentation Schedules 148
Q Staining Pollen Components 150
R Electrostatic Effects on Pollen Transfer 150
S Suggestions for Planning Studies 151
5 Nectar 153
A Locating Nectaries 155
B Nectar Volumes and Standing Crop 155
1 Collection Techniques 160
a Capillary tubes 161
b Syringes 161
c Centrifugation 162
d Wicks 163
e Rinsing flowers 164
f Homogenization 165
g Micrometer measurements 166
2 Rate of Secretion 166
3 Cost of Nectar Production 167
4 Determining Organic Carbon Content 168
C Sugar Concentration 168
1 Refractometers 169
2 Spot-Staining Technique 171
3 Photometric Procedures 174
vni
Contents
4 Freezing-Point Depression 181
D Sugar Identifications 182
1 Paper Chromatography 184
a Methods 184
b Additional reagents for visualizing chromatograms 187
2 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) 190
3 Gas Chromatography 191
4 High-performance Liquid Chromatography 193
E Identifying and Determining Amino Acid Concentrations 194
-1 Ninhydrin Test for Total Amino Acid Content 195
2 Paper Chromatography 196
3 Thin-Layer Chromatography 196
4 Gas Chromatography 197
5 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 199
6 Amino Acid Analyzers 200
F Other Nectar Constituents 200
1 Alkaloids 200
2 Vitamins 203
3 Proteins 205
a Electrophoresis 205
b Photometric procedures * 206
c Spot staining 207
d Protein test strips 207
4 Phenolics 208
5 Lipids 208
6 Organics 209
7 Microorganisms 209
8 Flavonoids 210
9 Iridoids 210
I Acids 210
II Ions 210
G Nectar Viscosity 211
H Nectar in Insects 212
IX
Contents
I Other Floral Rewards: Oils and Resins
J Suggestions for Planning Studies
6 Mating Systems
A Field Tests for the Ability to Self-Pollinate
B Quantitative Studies of Mating System Parameters
1 Electrophoresis and Molecular Techniques
2 Models
a Inbreeding coefficients
b Mixed mating model
c Biparental inbreeding and correlated mating
models
d Multilocus estimates of outcrossing
e Paternity analysis
f Computer programs for mating system analysis
C Analyzing Differential Reproductive Success
D Neighborhood
E Carryover
F Optimal Outcrossing Distance
G Self-Incompatibility
1 Gametophytic Systems
2 Sporophytic Systems
3 Distinguishing Gametophytic and Sporophytic
Self-Incompatibility
4 Heteromorphic Systems
5 Cryptic Self-Fertility
6 Overcoming Incompatibility Mechanisms
H Functional Gender
I Gender Adjustment and Gender Diphasy
J Pollen-Ovule (P/O) Ratios
K Gametophytic Competition
L Pollinator Efficiency
M Pollen and Resource Limitation of Seed Production
Contents
N Phenotypic Selection
0 Isolation of Gametes
P Suggestions for Planning Studies
7 Animals
A Collecting Insects
1 Insect Nets
2 Killing Jars
3 CO2
4 Sticky Traps and Water Traps
5 Vacuum Collectors
6 Baits
7 Malaise Traps and Window Traps
8 Light Traps
9 Fly Larvae
B Preparing Collections
1 Pinning and Preserving Inserts
2 Preserving Insects in Alcohol
3 Labeling Specimens
C Identifying Insects
D Collecting Other Types of Pollinators
1 Birds
2 Bats and Other Mammals
E Collection of Pollen from Pollinators
1 Pollen Carried Externally
a Insects
b Birds and other vertebrates
2 Gut Contents or Feces Containing Pollen
3 Collecting Pollen from Insect Nests
F Collecting Nectar from Pollinators
G Morphological Measurements
1 Proboscis Length
2 Mass
XI
Contents
3 Bird Bills and Tongues 312
4 Other Morphological Measurements 314
H Pollinator Vision 315
I Physiological Measurements 316
1 Body or Flight Temperatures 316
2 Energy Budgets 318
3 Electrolyte Balance 320
J Marking or Banding Animals 321
1 Insects 321
a General techniques 321
b Hymenoptera and Diptera 324
c Lepidoptera 328
d Coleoptera 330
2 Birds 332
3 Mammals 334
K Foraging Behavior 335
1 Visitation Rates 335
2 Patterns of Movement 343
3 Artificial Flowers 347
a Making them 347
i Insects 347
ii Hummingbirds 358
iii Manipulating real flowers 361
b Training animals to use them 362
4 Choice Experiments 364
5 Color Preferences 367
6 Manipulating Resources 369
7 Pollen-Harvesting Rates 371
8 Nectar-Harvesting Rates 373
9 Pollen Deposition and Carryover 373
I Flower Constancy 374
II Photographic Studies of Behavior 376
12 Manipulating Cues for Pollinators 378
xn
Contents
L Estimating Pollinator Population Size
M Trap-Nesting Pollinators in the Field
N Maintaining Pollinators in Captivity
0 Methods for Nocturnal Pollination Studies
P Suggestions for Planning Studies
8 Environmental Measurements for Pollination Studies
A Air Temperature
B Flower Temperature
C Solar Radiation
D Relative Humidity
E Wind Speed
F Soil Moisture
G Reporting Time of Day
H Suggestions for Planning Studies
9 Experimental Considerations 405
A Documenting Studies 405
B Sample Sizes 406
C Natural Systems with Characteristics Good for Certain 407
Types of Work
Appendix 1 References to the Pollen Literature 411
Appendix 2 Sources of Equipment and Supplies 416
Appendix 3 Chemicals and Stains 445
Appendix 4 Computer Programs 464
Appendix 5 Glossary 473
Bibliography 493
Index of Subjects 561
Index of Plants 572
Index of Animals 576
Index of Chemicals 579
Xlll
|
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| author | Kearns, Carol Ann 1955- Inouye, David William 1950- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172654629 (DE-588)172654637 |
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| discipline | Biologie |
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| id | DE-604.BV009819763 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:41:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0870812793 0870812815 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Kearns, Carol Ann 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)172654629 aut Techniques for pollination biologists Carol Ann Kearns ; David William Inouye Niwot, Colo. Univ. Press of Colorado 1993 XVIII, 583 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Botanica larpcal Palynologie gtt Pollinisation ram Wetenschappelijke technieken gtt Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Pollination Research Technique Bestäubung (DE-588)4007211-3 gnd rswk-swf Untersuchungsmethode (DE-588)4324907-3 gnd rswk-swf Bestäubung (DE-588)4007211-3 s Untersuchungsmethode (DE-588)4324907-3 s DE-604 Inouye, David William 1950- Verfasser (DE-588)172654637 aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006500965&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kearns, Carol Ann 1955- Inouye, David William 1950- Techniques for pollination biologists Botanica larpcal Palynologie gtt Pollinisation ram Wetenschappelijke technieken gtt Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Pollination Research Technique Bestäubung (DE-588)4007211-3 gnd Untersuchungsmethode (DE-588)4324907-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4007211-3 (DE-588)4324907-3 |
| title | Techniques for pollination biologists |
| title_auth | Techniques for pollination biologists |
| title_exact_search | Techniques for pollination biologists |
| title_full | Techniques for pollination biologists Carol Ann Kearns ; David William Inouye |
| title_fullStr | Techniques for pollination biologists Carol Ann Kearns ; David William Inouye |
| title_full_unstemmed | Techniques for pollination biologists Carol Ann Kearns ; David William Inouye |
| title_short | Techniques for pollination biologists |
| title_sort | techniques for pollination biologists |
| topic | Botanica larpcal Palynologie gtt Pollinisation ram Wetenschappelijke technieken gtt Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Pollination Research Technique Bestäubung (DE-588)4007211-3 gnd Untersuchungsmethode (DE-588)4324907-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Botanica Palynologie Pollinisation Wetenschappelijke technieken Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Pollination Research Technique Bestäubung Untersuchungsmethode |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006500965&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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