Arms industry limited:
Gespeichert in:
Format: | Buch |
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Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Press
1993
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. [392] - 401 |
Beschreibung: | XVIII, 415 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
ISBN: | 0198291647 |
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adam_text | Arms Industry Limited
Edited by
Herbert Wulf
sipri
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xvi
Abbreviations, acronyms and conventions xvii
Part I Introduction
1 Arms industry limited: the turning-point in the 1990s 3
Herbert Wulf
I The changed environment 3
II Diverse regional developments 6
HI Employment in the arms industry 12
IV Effects on companies 18
V Conclusions - 26
Table 1 1 Global arms industry employment, early 1980s to 1992 14
Table 1 2 Employment losses and gains in the largest arms- 16
producing companies, 1988-91
Table 1 3 Changes in profits of the largest arms-producing 19
companies, 1988-91
Table 1 4 Changes in arms sales 1988-91, by arms industry sector 23
Figure 1 1 Development of military expenditures, 1981-91 4
Figure 1 2 Global exports of major conventional weapons, 1982-91 6
Figure 1 3 Prognosis for global employment in the arms industry, 17
1980-98
Part II The United States
2 The United States: trends in defence procurement and research 29
and development programmes
Gordon Adams and Steven M Kosiak
I Introduction 29
II The history of acquisition funding 31
III Modernization in the 1980s 32
IV Acquisition in the 1990s 34
V Future defence funding prospects and potential problems 38
Figure 2 1 US national defence expenditure as a share of the gross 30
national product, FY 1960-97
Figure 2 2 Total US national defence, procurement, and research, 35
development, testing and evaluation budgets, FY 1947-97
vi ARMS INDUSTRY LIMITED
3 The United States: unmanaged change in the defence industry SO
Judith Reppy
I Introduction SO
II The historical context 51
m Defence industry employment 52
IV The current arms market structure 54
V Government policy responses 62
VI Conclusions 65
Table 3 1 Defence dependence of the 10 leading US defence prime 56
contractors, FY 1991
Figure 3 1 US military-related employment, FY 1950-93 53
4 The United States: arms exports and implications for arms 66
production
Ian Anthony
I Introduction 66
II Measuring the US share of the global arms trade 67
III The economic dimension of US arms sales 72
IV Export dependence in the US arms industry 74
V The impact of domestic arms procurement on arms exports 76
VI Political aspects of US arms transfer policy 80
Table 4 1 Value of US Foreign Military Sales agreements and 68
deliveries, 1982-91
Table 4 2 Regional distribution of US Foreign Military Sales 71
agreements, 1982-91
Table 4 3 Dependence of selected US arms-producing companies on 75
foreign sales and arms sales, 1990
Table 4 4 US export sales and total production for selected systems 77
Table 4 5 New agreements for sales of fighter aircraft, 1988-92 78
Table 4 6 New agreements for transfers of corvettes, frigates and 80
destroyers, 1988-92
Part IE The former Soviet Union and the successor republics
5 The Soviet Union and the successor republics: defence industries 87
coming to terms with disunion
Julian Cooper
I The historical background 87
II The Russian Federation 90
HI Ukraine 98
IV Belarus 102
V Moldova 103
VI Kazakhstan 104
VII Georgia 105
VIII Armenia 106
DC Azerbaijan 106
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
Table 5 1
CONTENTS
Uzbekistan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
The Baltic republics
Economic indicators of the arms industry in the former
Soviet Union, 1991
Vll
6 The Soviet Union: arms control and conversion—plan and 109
reality
Alexei Izyumov
I Introduction 109
II The Gorbachev plan for conversion and its results 109
m Political struggle over the direction of conversion 113
IV Conversion dilemmas after the breakup of the Soviet 115
Union
V Future issues 119
7 The Soviet Union and the successor republics: arms exports and 121
the struggle with the heritage of the military-industrial complex
Herbert Wulf
I Introduction 121
II The historical context: a short history of Soviet arms 121
trade
III Arms exports in recent years 124
IV What next: restraint or expansion? 132
Table 7 1 Average annual number of recipients of major 124
conventional weapons supplied to the Third World by the
four largest suppliers, 1971-85
Table 7 2 Soviet exports of major conventional weapons, 1987-91 126
Table 7 3 The 10 leading recipients of Soviet arms exports, 128
1980-91
Table 74A comparison of the major recipients of Soviet arms and 129
major Soviet debtors, 1980-91
Table 7 5 Africa s debt to the USSR as of 1 January 1991 130
Figure 7 1 Soviet and US exports of major conventional weapons, 126
1987-91
Appendix 7A Soviet arms exports, 1980-91 137
Prepared by Herbert Wulf
Table 7A 1 Exports of major conventional weapon systems by the 137
former Soviet Union, 1980-91
viii ARMS INDUSTRY LIMITED
Part IV Europe
8 Western Europe: facing over-capacities 143
Herbert Wulf
I Introduction 143
II Country characteristics 144
m Producers and industrial sectors 148
IV Perspectives 158
Table 8 1 The major West European arms-producing companies, 148
Table 8 2 Share of industrial sectors in military procurement 150
expenditures, 1986-90
Table 8 3 Share of military production in total production, 1986-90 151
Table 8 4 The major West European arms producers in aerospace, 152
Table 8 5 The major West European arms producers in electronics, 154
Table 8 6 The major West European arms producers in 155
shipbuilding, 1991
Table 8 7 The major West European arms producers in military 156
vehicles, 1991
Table 8 8 The major West European arms producers in artillery, 157
small arms and munitions, 1991
9 Western Europe: internationalization of the arms industry
Elisabeth Skons
I Introduction 160
II Forms of internationalization 161
HI General trends in the internationalization of industrial 165
activities
IV Internationalization by arms industry sector 167
Table 9 1 Forms of internationalization of industrial activities in the 162
OECDarea
Table 9 2 Trends in inter-firm agreements on technology transfers 166
in the OECD industry, by form of co-operation, pre-1972
to 1988
Table 9 3 International take-overs in the military aerospace sector, 168
1988 to September 1992
Table 9 4 International joint ventures in the military aerospace 172
sector, formed 1988 to September 1992
Table 9 5 Selected international co-operation anrangements in the 173
aerospace sector, 1991 to September 1992
Table 9 6 International take-overs in the military electronics 179
sector, 1988
Table 9 7 International joint ventures in the military electronics, 181
sector, formed 1988 to September 1992
CONTENTS ix
Table 9 8 Selected international co-operation arrangements in the 182
military electronics sector, 1991 to September 1992
Table 9 9 International take-overs in small arms, ordnance and 183
ammunition, 1988 to September 1992
Table 9 10 International take-overs in the military vehicle sector, 184
1988 to September 1992
Table 9 11 International co-operation arrangements in the military 185
vehicle sector, 1991 to September 1992
Table 9 12 International joint ventures in the military shipbuilding 187
sector, 1988 to September 1992
Table 9 13 International co-operation arrangements in the military 188
shipbuilding sector, 1991 to September 1992
Table 9 14 Forms of internationalization in the arms industry 190
10 The European Community: from the EC to the European Union 191
Agnes Courades Allebeck
I Introduction 191
n EC competition policy 194
m Towards an industrial policy for the armament sector: 202
the obstacles ahead
IV The internal market and its implications for EC internal 206
trade in defence-related goods
V The future EC arms transfer regime 210
Appendix 10A Excerpts from treaties relating to security policy, 214
arms production and arms exports of the European Community
Prepared by Agnes Courades Allebeck
I Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community, 214
Treaty of Rome
II Single European Act 216
HI Treaty on European Union, Treaty of Maastricht 216
FV Declaration by the European Council on areas which 221
could be the subject of joint action
11 Poland: declining industry in a period of difficult economic 222
transformation
Maciej Perczynski and Pawel Wieczorek
I The historical background 222
II The military budget 223
Ql Arms production, the economic condition and the status 226
of military industry
IV Organizational and systemic foundations of the arms 228
industry
V Arms exports 233
VI Conversion 236
Table 11 1 Polish military expenditure, 1986-92 224
x ARMS INDUSTRY LIMITED
Table 11 2 Share of Polish military expenditure in the gross 225
domestic product and the state budget, 1986-92
Table 11 3 Structure of Polish military expenditure, 1987-92 225
Table 11 4 Major arms producers in Poland, 1991 230
Table 11 5 Value of Polish arms exports, 1984-91 234
Figure 11 1 Map of the location of the most important Polish military 232
establishments, 1991
12 Czechoslovakia: reductions in arms production in a time of 238
economic and political transformation
Oldrich Cechak, Jan Selesovsky and Milan Stembera
I The historical background 238
II The present Czechoslovak arms industry 240
HI Conversion 245
IV The Czechoslovak arms industry in the Central European 247
region
V The influence of a breakup of the federation on the arms 249
industry
VI Conclusion 250
Table 12 1 Selected official data on Czechoslovak arms production, 240
1987-91
Table 12 2 Shares of Czechoslovakia in world arms exports, 241
1987-91
Table 12 3 Czechoslovak firms with the greatest share of arms 242
production, 1987-88
Table 12 4 Military expenditure of Czechoslovakia, 1989-92 243
Table 12 5 The largest arms producers in Czechoslovakia, 1991 244
Table 12 6 Czechoslovak Government subsidy to conversion, 245
1989-92
13 Turkey: the arms industry modernization programme 251
Giilay Gunluk-Senesen
I Introduction 251
II Incentives for militarization 253
m The context of the modernization programme 255
IV The modernization programme in practice 261
V The aerospace industry 264
VI Conclusions 266
Table 13 1 Military expenditure, arms procurement expenditure and 252
imports of major weapons by Turkey and the European
NATO countries, 1982-91
Table 13 2 Administration of the Turkish military modernization 257
programme, in order of decision-making and
implementation, since 1989
Table 13 3 Leading arms producers in Turkey, on the basis of 259
SASAD membership
CONTENTS xi
Table 13 4 List of military projects initiated in Turkey as of 262
mid-1992
Table 13 5 Military projects under negotiation as of mid-1992 263
Part V Other countries
14 The People s Republic of China: arms production, industrial 271
strategy and problems of history
John Frankenstein
I Problems of history 271
n The evolution of the military-industrial system 279
El Arms production 283
IV The technology acquisition process 286
V Reforms 292
VI Conversion of the arms industry: swords into 295
plowshares ?
Table 14 1 China s military-industrial commercial complex in the 276
1990s
Table 14 2 Overlapping memberships at the top of the Chinese 279
military system, 1991
Table 14 3 Evolution of the Chinese military industry system to 282
ministries, 1982-88
Table 14 4 Contemporary Chinese arms production 284
Table 14 5 Manpower and major weapon systems of the PLA, 1990 291
Table 14 6 Work-force statistics for China, 1990 302
Table 14 7 Major weapon systems transferred by China to parties in 305
the Iran-Iraq War
Table 14 8 Arms suppliers to parties in the Iran-Iraq War, world- 305
wide sales, 1984-88
Table 14 9 Value of Chinese arms sales and arms recipients, 307
1982-91
Table 14 10 Selected best-selling Chinese weapons and the major 308
recipients, 1982-91
Table 14 11 Chinese military expenditure, 1950-92 310
Figure 14 1 Shares of the recipients of Chinese arms, 1982-91 306
15 Japan: a latent but large supplier of dual-use technology 320
Masako Ikegami-Andersson
I The historical background 320
II Military expenditure 323
m The Japanese arms industry 328
IV US-Japanese collaboration in military technology 341
V Conclusions 344
Table 15 1 Japanese military expenditure (orginal budget), 325
FY 1950-91
xii ARMS INDUSTRY LIMITED
Table 15 2 Military acquisition and R amp;D expenditure and total 327
military expenditure (original budget), FY 1973-92
Table 15 3 The 20 leading defence contractors in Japan, FY 1990 331
Table 15 4 Changes in the amount of Japan s defence production, 334
FY 1978-89
Table 15 5 Japanese industry s dependence on arms production, 335
FY1979-89
Table 15 6 Estimated arms production employment figures, 336
FY 1980-89
Table 15 7 Changes in the share of domestic equipment 339
procurement, FY 1977-89
Figure 15 1 Japanese military expenditure as a share of the gross 324
national product and total government expenditure,
FY 1950-91
16 Australia: an emerging arms supplier? 345
Graeme Cheeseman
I Introduction 345
II Establishing an indigenous defence industry 346
m The defence industry and arms sales: record and 354
dilemmas
Table 16 1 Summary of Australian Industry Participation/defence 347
offsets, FY 1981/82-1987/88
Table 16 2 Australian defence expenditure, FY 1980/81-1990/91 350
Table 16 3 Australia s publicly owned defence industries, 1991 355
Table 16 4 Private sector companies regularly involved in 357
Australian defence, 1990
Table 16 5 Value of Australian arms trade, FY 1985/86-1990/91 358
Figure 16 1 Australian defence research and development shares, 351
FY 1973/74-1988/89
17 The third tier countries: production of major weapons 362
Ian Anthony
I Introduction 362
II Trends in the production of major conventional weapons 368
HI The industrial organization of arms production 378
IV Arms production as an element of arms procurement 380
V Conclusions: the party s over 380
Table 17 1 Estimated values of trade in, licensed production and 370
indigenous production of major weapons, 1965-90
Table 17 2 First year of indigenous production in selected weapon 377
categories
Table 17 3 Shares of trade, licensed production and indigenous 382
production of major weapons, 1965-90
CONTENTS xiii
Annexes
Annexe A Yugoslavia: arms production before the war 387
Herbert Wulf
Table Al Small arms and ordnance production in the former 388
Yugoslavia, 1991
Table A2 Arms production in the former Yugoslavia, 1991 389
Annexe B Bibliography of works on arms production 392
Prepared by Espen Gullikstad
About the contributors 402
Index 406
|
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isbn | 0198291647 |
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spelling | Arms industry limited SIPRI. Ed. by Herbert Wulf Oxford Oxford Univ. Press 1993 XVIII, 415 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. [392] - 401 Nedrustning sao Vapenindustri sao Vapentillverkning Waffenindustrie (DE-588)4399773-9 gnd rswk-swf Waffenindustrie (DE-588)4399773-9 s DE-604 Wulf, Herbert Sonstige oth Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Sonstige (DE-588)2033929-X oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006485663&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Arms industry limited Nedrustning sao Vapenindustri sao Vapentillverkning Waffenindustrie (DE-588)4399773-9 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4399773-9 |
title | Arms industry limited |
title_auth | Arms industry limited |
title_exact_search | Arms industry limited |
title_full | Arms industry limited SIPRI. Ed. by Herbert Wulf |
title_fullStr | Arms industry limited SIPRI. Ed. by Herbert Wulf |
title_full_unstemmed | Arms industry limited SIPRI. Ed. by Herbert Wulf |
title_short | Arms industry limited |
title_sort | arms industry limited |
topic | Nedrustning sao Vapenindustri sao Vapentillverkning Waffenindustrie (DE-588)4399773-9 gnd |
topic_facet | Nedrustning Vapenindustri Vapentillverkning Waffenindustrie |
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