Finance of international trade in the Gulf:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; Boston ; Dordrecht
Graham & Trotman
1994
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Arab and Islamic laws series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XLVIII, 310 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 1853339474 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Suwaidi, Ahmed A. al- |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Finance of international trade in the Gulf |c Ahmed A. M. S. Al-Suwaidi |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London ; Boston ; Dordrecht |b Graham & Trotman |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a XLVIII, 310 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Arab and Islamic laws series | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Banques - Droit islamique - Pays du Golfe persique |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Commerce extérieur - Droit - Pays du Golfe persique |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Crédit commercial - Pays du Golfe persique |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Lettres de crédit - Pays du Golfe persique |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bank loans |x Law and legislation |z Arabian Peninsula | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Banking law (Islamic law) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Commercial credit |z Arabian Peninsula | |
| 650 | 4 | |a International trade |x Finance | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Letters of credit |z Arabian Peninsula | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Murābaḥah |z Arabian Peninsula | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Islam |0 (DE-588)4027743-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kreditfinanzierung |0 (DE-588)4032930-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Golfstaaten |0 (DE-588)4021571-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006482328 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124147346833408 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgements xv
Abstract xvii
Bibliography xix
Table of Arabic Cases xxxv
Table of non Arabic Cases xxxvii
Table of Codes, Rules and Regulations xxxviii
Abbreviations xl
Glossary xlii
Interviews xlvi
INTRODUCTION 1
A. The Problem 1
B. The Purpose of the Study 2
C. Materials and Sources 2
D. Organisation of the Thesis 3
E. An Outline of the Gulf Arab States 5
1. Location 5
2. Area 5
3. Population 8
4. Climate 8
5. Strategic Importance of the Arabian Gulf 8
6. Economy of the Gulf Arab States 9
CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING
SYSTEMS IN THE GULF ARAB STATES 10
A. Conventional Banks 10
1. Bahrain 11
2. Kuwait 12
3. Saudi Arabia 14
4. United Arab Emirates 15
v
vi CONTENTS
5. Qatar 17
6. Oman 17
B. Islamic Banks 18
1. Birth of Islamic Banks 19
2. Development of Islamic Banking System 20
C. Conclusion 23
CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPMENTS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEMS
OF THE GULF ARAB STATES 24
A. Historical Background 24
B. Laws Relating to Banking and Commercial Transactions 25
1. Saudi Arabia 25
2. Kuwait 27
3. Bahrain 28
4. United Arab Emirates 29
5. Qatar 33
6. Oman 34
C. Conclusion 39
CHAPTER 3: DOCUMENTARY LETTER OF CREDIT 40
A. Historical Development 40
B. Definition 43
C. Operation 44
1. Stages of Opening a Letter of Credit 45
a. The Sales Contract 45
b. The Application Form 46
c. Notification 47
d. Beneficiary 49
e. Presentation of Documents 49
f. Collection of Documents 51
2. Types of Letters of Credit 52
a. Revocable 53
b. Irrevocable and Unconfirmed 54
c. Irrevocable and Confirmed 55
d. Standby 57
e. Transferable ; 8
i. How to Transfer 59
ii. Form of the Second Credit Transfer 60
iii. Place, Period and Time for Transfer 61
D. Conclusion 63
CHAPTER 4: FINANCING OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
UNDER THE ISLAMIC BANKING SYSTEM 64
A. General Review 64
CONTENTS vii
1. Paid up Capital 65
2. Deposit Accounts 65
a. Current Account 65
b. Savings Account 66
c. Investment Account 67
3. Chargeable Services 68
B. Cash Documentary Letter of Credit 69
C. Islamic Methods of Finance 73
1. Mudaraba 73
a. Historical Background and Definition 73
b. Types of Mudaraba 75
i. Restricted 75
ii. Unrestricted 76
iii. Conditions 76
2. Musharaka 77
a. Historical Background and Definition 77
b. Types of Musharaka 78
i. Al Abdan 79
ii. Al Wujuh 79
iii. Al Mufawadah 80
iv. Al Inan 80
c. Financing the Letter of Credit
Transaction 81
d. The Legal Relationship in Musharaka
Letter of Credit Transaction 82
i. The Bank and the Customer (Partners) 82
ii. The Partners to Musharaka and Seller 84
iii. The Issuing and Intermediary Banks 85
iv. The Intermediary and the Seller 86
3. Murabaha 88
a. Historical Background and Definition 89
b. Conditions 91
c. Types of Murabaha 92
i. Local 92
ii. International 93
Import 93
Commodities 94
D. Conclusion 97
CHAPTER 5: LEGAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE
PARTIES TO THE MURABAHA 98
A. The Relationship between the Customer
and the Islamic Bank 98
1. Customer s Application to the Islamic Bank 98
2. Preliminary Agreement 99
viii CONTENTS
3. Signing Promissory Purchase Contract 100
a. Common Information in all Islamic Banks 100
b. Information Which Varies from one Bank to
Another 101
4. Signing the Murabaha Sale Contract 104
a. Date of Conclusion 104
b. Resale Price 105
i. The Original Purchase Price 105
ii. Additional Expenses 106
iii. Freight Charges 107
iv. Insurance Premium 107
v. Profit in Murabaha 108
c. Method of Payment 110
i. Advance 110
ii. Deferred 112
iii. Monthly Instalments 112
iv. Periodic Lump Sum 112
5. Security Provided by the Customer 113
default of the Customer 115
B. The Relationship between Islamic Bank and Supplier 116
1. Contacting the Supplier 117
2. Contract with Supplier 119
3. Receipt of Goods 120
4. Risks of the Goods Requested 120
C. The Relationship between Supplier and the Islamic Bank
Customer 121
D. The Relationship between the Islamic Bank and the
Correspondent Bank 122
E. Conclusion 123
I CHAPTER 6: FINANCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN
1 PRACTICE 125
A. Methodology 125
1. Design of Questionnaire 126
a. Customer Questionnaire 126
b. Interviews 126
2. Translation and Trial Use of
Questionnaire and Interview 12/
3. Subject Identification 127
4. Procedures 128
B. Presentation of the Findings and Discussions 128
1. Coding Open Ended Questions 129
2. Demographic Information 130
3. Opinion and Attitudinal 132
a. Reasons for Dealing with the Banks 132
CONTENTS ix
b. Capability of the Banks to Handle Letters of Credit 133
c. Reasons for Refusal to Open Letter of Credit 134
d. Information Required Prior to Opening a Letter of
Credit 136
e. Business Relationship Preferred by Bank Customers 137
f. Responsibility of Bank and Customer in the Event of
Fraud or Defect 139
g. Quality of Services in Both Banks 140
h. Banking System and Reasons for the Customers
Preferences 140
i. Lack of Federal Commercial Law and its Effects on
the UAE Commercial Sector 141
j. Miscellaneous Data 142
C. Conclusion 143
CHAPTER 7: THE PROBLEMS WHICH THE ISLAMIC
BANKS FACE IN INVESTING FUNDS IN
THEIR RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES 146
A. Reasons for Investing in the International Market 146
B. Main Problems Preventing Islamic Banks from Investment
in most Countries 148
1. Political 148
2. Economic 149
3. Social 150
4. Legal 150
5. Scientific and Technological 151
C. The Problems Faced by Shari ah Committee 152
D. The Problem of Maintaining Efficiency of Employees 155
1. The Ways and Methods of Appointing Employees 155
2. Integration Between Management and Employees 156
3. Evaluation of the Abilities of Employees 157
E. Suggestion 158
F. Conclusion 159
CHAPTER 8: FRAUD IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AS IT
AFFECTS THE GULF ARAB STATES 160
A. Historical Background and Definition 160
B. Fraud in Documentary Letters of Credit 162
1. Bills of Lading 167
2. Commercial Invoice 170
3. Certificate of Insurance 171
4. Certificate of Origin 172
5. Certificate of Inspection 173
6. Packing List and Specification 173
x CONTENTS
7. Weight List 173
8. Health Certificate 174
C. Non Shipment of Goods 174
D. Short Shipment of Goods 181
E. Non Compliance of Terms of the Letter of Credit 184
F. Conclusion 189
CHAPTER 9: COUNTERTRADE 191
A. Historical Background and Definition 191
B. Types of Countertrade 195
1. Simple Barter 195
2. Counterpurchase 196
3. Compensation 197
4. Offset 199
C. The Functions of Countertrade by the Gulf Arab States 200
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Countertrade 201
1. Advantages 201
2. Disadvantages 203
E. Legal Framework of Countertrade 205
F. Suggestions 207
1. Points for the Importers 207
2. Points for the Exporters 208
G. Conclusion 208
CHAPTER 10: ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFERS (EFT) 209
A. Historical Background and Definition 209
B. Tvpes of Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) 211
1. EFT in the United States 211
a. Consumer EFT 211
i. Point of Sale Terminals (POS) 211
ii. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) 211
iii. Telephone Bill Payments (TBP) 212
iv. Automated Clearing Houses (ACHs) 212
b. Wholesale Electronic Funds Transfer Systems 212
i. Federal Reserve Wire Network (FEDWIRE) 212
ii. Bankwire 213
iii. Clearing House Interbank Payment System
(CHIPS) 213
2. EFT in the United Kingdom 213
3. EFT in the Gulf Arab States 214
a. Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are Members
of SWIFT 214
4. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial
Telecommunications (SWIFT) 2h
CONTENTS xi
a. EFT Documentary Letter of Credit 217
C. Laws and Regulations on Electronic Funds Transfer 219
1. Transmitter Liability 220
2. Finality of Transfer 222
3. Fraud 223
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of EFT 224
1. Advantages 224
2. Disadvantages 225
a. Fraud 226
b. Errors 226
E. Suggestions 227
F. Conclusion 228
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 229
Appendix 1 UAE Federal Law No.6 of 1985 on Islamic Banks,
Financial Institutions and Investment Companies 233
Appendix 2 Dubai Islamic Bank, Promise to Purchase Contract 236
Appendix 3 Dubai Islamic Bank, Contract of Murabaha Sale 238
Appendix 4 Dubai Islamic Bank, Application [Form] for
Opening a Documentary Credit 241
Appendix 5 Dubai Islamic Bank. Letter of Credit Form 243
Appendix 6 Kuwait Finance House, Desire and Promise to
Purchase Request 245
Appendix 7 Kuwait Finance House, Contract of Sale 247
Appendix 8 Kuwait Finance House, Application [Form] fora
Documentary Letter of Credit and Indemnity 249
Appendix 9 Kuwait Finance House, Letter of Credit Form 252
Appendix 10 Kuwait Finance House, Declaration and Guarantee 254
Appendix 11 Bahrain Islamic Bank, Promise to Purchase
Contract 255
Appendix 12 Bahrain Islamic Bank. Application [ Form | to
Open an Irrevocable Credit 258
Appendix 13 Bahrain Islamic Bank. Letter ol Credit Form 260
Appendix 14 Qatar Islamic Bank. Purchase Request and
Promise to Purchase Contrail 262
Appendix 15 Qatar Islamic Bank, Murabaha Sale Contract
(Preliminary) 264
xii CONTENTS
Appendix 16 Qatar Islamic Bank, Murabaha Sale Contract (Final) 266
Appendix 17 Qatar Islamic Bank, Application [Form] for
Documentary Credit and Indemnity 268
Appendix 18 Qatar Islamic Bank, Letter of Credit Form 271
Appendix 19 Al Rajhi Banking Investment Company, Promise to
Purchase (Foreign) 273
Appendix 20 Al Rajhi Banking Investment Company, Sale
Contract 275
Appendix 21 Al Rajhi Banking Investment Company, Letter of
Credit 277
Appendix 22 National Bank of Abu Dhabi, Application [Form] for
Documentary Letter of Credit 280
Appendix 23 National Bank of Abu Dhabi, Letter of Credit Form 282
Appendix 24 Interview Questions to the Management of the
Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates 283
Appendix 25 Questionnaire to the Customer of Conventional
Commercial Banks and Islamic Commercial Banks
in the United Arab Emirates 287
Appendix 26 Occupation 294
Appendix 27 Level of Education 295
Appendix 28 Monthly Income 296
Appendix 29 Demographic Information on Age, Sex and
Marital Status 297
Appendix 30 Reasons for Dealing with the Banks 298
Appendix 31 Reasons for Dealing with the Banks 299
Appendix 32 Capability of the Banks to Handle Letters of Credit 300
Appendix 33 Reasons for Refusal to Open Letters of Credit 301
Appendix 34 Reasons for Refusal to Open Letters of Credit 302
Appendix 35 Information Required Prior to Opening Letter of
Credit 303
Appendix 36 Business Relationship Preferred by Bank Customers 304
Appendix 37 Business Relationship Preferred by Bank Customers 305
Appendix 38 Responsibility of Bank and Customer in the event of
Fraud or Defect 306
CONTENTS xiii
Appendix 39 Responsibility of Bank and Customer in the event of
Fraud or Defect 307
Appendix 40 Quality of Services in both Banks 308
Appendix 41 Banking Systems and Reasons for the Customers
Preferences 309
Appendix 42 Lack of a Federal Commercial Law and its effect on
the UAE Commercial Sector 310
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:41:02Z |
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| isbn | 1853339474 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XLVIII, 310 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 1994 |
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| series2 | Arab and Islamic laws series |
| spelling | Suwaidi, Ahmed A. al- Verfasser aut Finance of international trade in the Gulf Ahmed A. M. S. Al-Suwaidi 1. publ. London ; Boston ; Dordrecht Graham & Trotman 1994 XLVIII, 310 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Arab and Islamic laws series Banques - Droit islamique - Pays du Golfe persique ram Commerce extérieur - Droit - Pays du Golfe persique ram Crédit commercial - Pays du Golfe persique ram Lettres de crédit - Pays du Golfe persique ram Recht Bank loans Law and legislation Arabian Peninsula Banking law (Islamic law) Commercial credit Arabian Peninsula International trade Finance Letters of credit Arabian Peninsula Murābaḥah Arabian Peninsula Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd rswk-swf Kreditfinanzierung (DE-588)4032930-6 gnd rswk-swf Golfstaaten (DE-588)4021571-4 gnd rswk-swf Golfstaaten (DE-588)4021571-4 g Kreditfinanzierung (DE-588)4032930-6 s Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006482328&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Suwaidi, Ahmed A. al- Finance of international trade in the Gulf Banques - Droit islamique - Pays du Golfe persique ram Commerce extérieur - Droit - Pays du Golfe persique ram Crédit commercial - Pays du Golfe persique ram Lettres de crédit - Pays du Golfe persique ram Recht Bank loans Law and legislation Arabian Peninsula Banking law (Islamic law) Commercial credit Arabian Peninsula International trade Finance Letters of credit Arabian Peninsula Murābaḥah Arabian Peninsula Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Kreditfinanzierung (DE-588)4032930-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027743-4 (DE-588)4032930-6 (DE-588)4021571-4 |
| title | Finance of international trade in the Gulf |
| title_auth | Finance of international trade in the Gulf |
| title_exact_search | Finance of international trade in the Gulf |
| title_full | Finance of international trade in the Gulf Ahmed A. M. S. Al-Suwaidi |
| title_fullStr | Finance of international trade in the Gulf Ahmed A. M. S. Al-Suwaidi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Finance of international trade in the Gulf Ahmed A. M. S. Al-Suwaidi |
| title_short | Finance of international trade in the Gulf |
| title_sort | finance of international trade in the gulf |
| topic | Banques - Droit islamique - Pays du Golfe persique ram Commerce extérieur - Droit - Pays du Golfe persique ram Crédit commercial - Pays du Golfe persique ram Lettres de crédit - Pays du Golfe persique ram Recht Bank loans Law and legislation Arabian Peninsula Banking law (Islamic law) Commercial credit Arabian Peninsula International trade Finance Letters of credit Arabian Peninsula Murābaḥah Arabian Peninsula Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Kreditfinanzierung (DE-588)4032930-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Banques - Droit islamique - Pays du Golfe persique Commerce extérieur - Droit - Pays du Golfe persique Crédit commercial - Pays du Golfe persique Lettres de crédit - Pays du Golfe persique Recht Bank loans Law and legislation Arabian Peninsula Banking law (Islamic law) Commercial credit Arabian Peninsula International trade Finance Letters of credit Arabian Peninsula Murābaḥah Arabian Peninsula Islam Kreditfinanzierung Golfstaaten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006482328&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT suwaidiahmedaal financeofinternationaltradeinthegulf |