Biodiversity and ecosystem function: with 22 tables
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin u.a.
Springer
1994
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Ecological studies
99 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 525 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540558047 0387558047 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Biodiversity and ecosystem function |b with 22 tables |c Ernst-Detlef Schulze ... (eds.) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin u.a. |b Springer |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a XXVII, 525 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Ecological studies |v 99 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Biodiversiteit |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ecosystemen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Menselijke invloed |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Populatiedynamica |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biodiversity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biodiversity conservation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biotic communities | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Verschiedenheit |0 (DE-588)4283474-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ökosystem |0 (DE-588)4043216-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biodiversität |0 (DE-588)4601495-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biologie |0 (DE-588)4006851-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Artenreichtum |0 (DE-588)4131912-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pflanzenökologie |0 (DE-588)4045575-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Populationsbiologie |0 (DE-588)4046800-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1807324197978898432 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
SECTION
A:
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION
1
BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
AND
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEM
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
P.M.
VITOUSEK
AND
D.U.
HOOPER
.
3
1.1
INTRODUCTION
.
3
1.2
SEMANTICS
.
4
1.3
BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
AND
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
.
5
1.3.1
EXPERIMENTAL
TESTS
.
6
1.3.2
BIOGEOGRAPHIC
PATTERNS
.
9
1.4
OTHER
POTENTIAL
EFFECTS
OF
PLANT
DIVERSITY
ON
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
.
10
1.5
CONCLUSIONS
.
11
REFERENCES
.
12
2
BIODIVERSITY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION
IN
AGRICULTURAL
SYSTEMS
M.
J.
SWIFT
AND
J.M.
ANDERSON
.
15
2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
15
2.2
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
AGRICULTURAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
16
2.2.1
DIVERSITY
AND
COMPLEXITY
.
16
2.2.2
CLASSIFICATION
IN
RELATION
TO
DIVERSITY
AND
COMPLEXITY
19
2.2.3
SUSTAINABILITY
.
21
2.3
PRODUCTIVE
ATTRIBUTES
OF
LOW
NUMBER
MULTIPLE
CROPPING
SYSTEMS
.
22
2.4
BIODIVERSITY
AND
THE
FUNCTION
OF
THE
DECOMPOSER
SUBSYSTEM
.
25
2.4.1
BIODIVERSITY
IN
RELATION
TO
FUNCTION
.
25
2.4.2
DECOMPOSER
DIVERSITY
AND
FUNCTION
IN
AGRICULTURAL
SYSTEMS
.
28
2.4.3
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
PLANTS
AND
THE
SOIL
BIOTA
.
30
2.5
BIODIVERSITY
AND
THE
FUNCTION
OF
THE
HERBIVORE
SUBSYSTEM
.
32
2.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
33
2.6.1
A
HYPOTHESIS
OF
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
PLANT
DIVERSITY
IN
ECOSYSTEM
REGULATION
.
33
XIV
CONTENTS
2.6.2
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
INCREASING
PLANT
SPECIES
NUMBER
.
36
2.6.3
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
PLANT
SPECIES
COMPOSITION
.
37
2.6.4
ASSESSMENT
OF
LONG-TERM
TRENDS
.
38
REFERENCES
.
38
3
BIODIVERSITY
AND
INTERACTIONS
WITHIN
PELAGIC
NUTRIENT
CYCLING
AND
PRODUCTIVITY
C.E.W.
STEINBERG
AND
W.
GELLER
.
43
3.1
INTRODUCTION:
EXPLANATIONS
TO
THE
PARADOX
OF
THE
PLANKTON
.
43
3.2
FURTHER
DETERMINANTS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
.
44
3.2.1
PLASTICITY
AND
CELL
SHAPE
.
44
3.2.2
TURBULENCE
.
45
3.3
SELECTION
AND
SUCCESSION
.
46
3.3.1
DESCRIPTIVE
MODEL
OF
PLANKTON
SUCCESSION
.
47
3.4
MICROBIAL
LOOP:
STRUCTURE
AND
FUNCTION
.
50
3.4.1
STRUCTURE
.
50
3.5
STRUCTURAL
DIVERSITY
INDICES
.
55
3.6
ATAXONOMIC
APPROACH
TO
ASSESS
ECOSYSTEM
STABILITY
.
57
3.7
CONCLUSIONS
.
60
REFERENCES
.
61
SECTION
B:
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
4
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
OF
MICROORGANISMS
O.
MEYER
.
67
4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
67
4.2
FREE-LIVING
COMPONENTS
OF
THE
SOIL
MICROBIOTA
.
68
4.3
METABOLIC
TYPES
OF
BACTERIA
.
71
4.4
THE
ROLE
OF
MICROORGANISMS
IN
THE
DECOMPOSITION
OF
ORGANIC
MATERIAL
.
73
4.4.1
CELLULOSE
.
75
4.4.2
LIGNIN
.
76
4.4.3
PROTEINS,
PEPTIDES,
AND
AMINO
ACIDS
.
77
4.4.4
PECTIN
.
78
4.5
THE
ROLE
OF
MICROORGANISMS
IN
THE
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLE
OF
NITROGEN
.
79
4.5.1
NITRIFICATION
.
79
4.5.2
DENITRIFICATION
.
82
4.5.3
N
2
FIXATION
.
84
4.6
THE
ROLE
OF
MICROORGANISMS
IN
THE
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLE
OF
SULFUR
.
86
4.6.1
THE
OXIDATION
OF
REDUCED
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
.
86
4.6.2
DESULFURICATION
.
88
CONTENTS
XV
4.7
CONCLUSIONS
.
90
REFERENCES
.
93
5
PLANT
TRAITS
AND
ADAPTIVE
STRATEGIES:
THEIR
ROLE
IN
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION
O.T.
SOLBRIG
.
97
5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
97
5.2
SCHEMES
TO
CLASSIFY
PLANTS
ON
THE
BASIS
OF
THEIR
ECOLOGICAL
TRAITS
.
97
5.2.1
SINGLE-CHARACTER
FUNCTIONAL
CLASSIFICATION
OF
VASCULAR
PLANTS
.
99
5.2.2
ATTEMPTS
TO
CLASSIFY
SPECIES
BASED
ON
THEIR
OVERALL
ECOLOGICAL
ADAPTABILITY
.
101
5.3
ADAPTIVE
STRATEGIES
.
101
5.3.1
OPTIMIZATION
.
103
5.3.2
PLANT
ADAPTIVE
STRATEGIES
.
103
5.3.3
WHY
OPTIMALITY
CRITERIA
ARE
NOT
ALWAYS
SUFFICIENT
.
106
5.4
DEFINITION
OF
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONAL
PROPERTIES
.
108
5.5
THE
MEANING
OF
ADAPTIVE
STRATEGY
IN
A
COMPLEX,
-
NONLINEAR
WORLD
.
108
5.6
CONCLUSIONS:
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
DIVERSITY
IN
A
NONEQUILIBRIUM
SITUATION
.
110
REFERENCES
.
ILL
6
SCALING
FROM
SPECIES
TO
VEGETATION:
THE
USEFULNESS
OF
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
CH.
KORNER
.
117
6.1
INTRODUCTION:
WHAT
ARE
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
AND
WHY
USE
THEM?
.
117
6.2
SELECTING
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
.
118
6.3
NARROW
OR
WIDE
GROUPING:
THE
DILEMMA
OF
EXPERIMENTAL
SAFETY
AND
ECOLOGICAL
APPLICABILITY
.
120
6.4
GROUPING
OF
PLANT
SPECIES
WITH
RESPECT
TO
THEIR
STRUCTURAL,
PHYSIOLOGICAL,
AND
LIFE
STRATEGY
CHARACTERISTICS
.
121
6.4.1
LIFE-FORMS
AND
STRUCTURES:
THE
MORPHOTYPE
.
121
6.4.2
DRY
MATTER
PARTITIONING:
INVESTMENT
TYPE
.
122
6.4.3
THE
PHYSIOTYPE
.
123
6.4.4
THE
PHYSIOMORPHOTYPE
.
124
6.4.5
LIFE
STRATEGIES
.
125
6.5
THE
SPATIAL
DEFINITION
OF
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
WITHIN
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
.
127
6.6
ECOSYSTEMS:
THE
LARGEST
FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
.
130
6.7
INTEGRATION
OF
CONTRASTING
LEVELS
OF
COMPLEXITY:
A
COMPROMISE
.
131
XVI
CONTENTS
6.8
A
PROMISING
TOOL:
USING
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
IN
CONTROLLED
ECOSYSTEMS
.
133
6.9
CONCLUSIONS
.
136
REFERENCES
.
137
SECTION
C:
SPECIES
INTERACTION
7
EVOLUTION
OF
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
IN
BASIDIOMYCETES
(FUNGI)
F.
OBERWINKLER
.
143
7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
143
7.2
WHAT
ARE
FUNGI?
.
143
7.2.1
YEASTS
AND
DIMORPHIC
FUNGI
.
144
7.3
FUNCTIONAL
FUNGAL
GROUPS
.
145
7.4
EVOLUTION
OF
FUNGAL
PARASITES
OF
PLANTS
.
145
7.5
EVOLUTION
IN
DIVERSE
WOOD-DECAYING
FUNGI
.
148
7.5.1
SAPROBIC
FUNGI
.
149
7.6
EVOLUTION
IN
SYMBIONTIC
BASIDIOMYCETES
.
149
7.6.1
BASIDIOLICHENS
.
150
7.6.2
MYCORRHIZAE
.
150
7.7
DIVERSITY
AND
COEVOLUTIONARY
TRENDS
IN
SEPTOBASIDIALES
.
151
7.8
CONCLUSIONS
.
162
REFERENCES
.
163
8
THE
ROLE
OF
PARASITES
IN
PLANT
POPULATIONS
AND
COMMUNITIES
J.
J.
BURDON
.
165
8.1
INTRODUCTION
.
165
8.2
THE
DIVERSITY
AND
SPECIALIZATION
OF
PARASITES
AND
THEIR
EFFECTS
ON
THE
FITNESS
OF
THE
HOST
PLANT
.
166
8.2.1
PARASITIC
PLANTS
.
166
8.2.2
FUNGAL
AND
VIRAL
PATHOGENS
.
167
8.3
THE
HIDDEN
EFFECTS
OF
PARASITE
ATTACK
-
CHANGES
IN
THE
GENETIC
STRUCTURE
OF
PLANT
POPULATIONS
.
170
8.4
PARASITE
ATTACK
AS
A
DETERMINANT
OF
ECOSYSTEM
STRUCTURE
.
171
8.4.1
LESSONS
FROM
EXOTIC
PATHOGENS
AND
SEVERELY
DISTURBED
NATURAL
SYSTEMS
.
172
8.4.2
EVIDENCE
FROM
NATURAL
PARASITE-HOST
ASSOCIATIONS
.
175
8.5
CONCLUSIONS
.
177
REFERENCES
.
177
CONTENTS
XVII
9
PLANT-MICROBE
MUTUALISMS
AND
COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE
D.J.
READ
.
181
9.1
INTRODUCTION
.
181
9.2
PLANT-MICROBE
MUTUALISMS
IN
GRASSLAND
COMMUNITIES
183
9.3
PLANT-MICROBE
MUTUALISMS
IN
SAVANNA
AND
TROPICAL
FOREST
COMMUNITIES
.
188
9.4
PLANT-MICROBE
MUTUALISMS
IN
BOREAL
AND
TEMPERATE
FOREST
COMMUNITIES
.
190
9.5
PLANT-MICROBE
MUTUALISMS
IN
HEATHLAND
AND
RELATED
WETLAND
ECOSYSTEMS
.
196
9.6
THE
ROLE
OF
MUTUALISMS
IN
SUCCESSIONAL
PROCESSES
.
199
9.7
CONCLUSIONS
.
202
REFERENCES
.
203
10
THE
EVOLUTION
OF
INTERACTIONS
AND
DIVERSITY
IN
PLANT
INSECT
SYSTEMS:
THE
UROPHORA-EURYTOMA
FOOD
WEB
IN
GALLS
ON
PALEARCTIC
CARDUEAE
H.
ZWOLFER
AND
J.
ARNOLD-RINEHART
.
211
10.1
INTRODUCTION
.
211
10.2
THE
UROPHORA
FOOD
WEB
.
212
10.2.1
GENERAL
ECOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
UROPHORA
EURYTOMA
SYSTEM
.
214
10.2.2
STRUCTURE
AND
EVOLUTION
OF
THE
UROPHORA
GALL
.
215
10.2.3
THE
EFFECT
OF
THE
GALL
SIZE
ON
THE
TWO
EURYTOMA
SPP.
219
10.3
RESOURCE
EXPLOITATION,
INTERACTIONS,
AND
EVOLUTION
.
221
10.3.1
THE
EVOLUTION
OF
DIVERSITY
AT
THE
HERBIVORE
LEVEL
OF
PLANT-INSECT
SYSTEMS
.
221
10.3.2
HOST
PLANTS
AS
UNDEREXPLOITED
RESOURCES
.
222
10.3.3
EXPLOITATION
STRATEGIES
IN
THE
UROPHORA-EURYTOMA
SYSTEM
.
223
10.3.4
INTERACTION
PATTERNS
AT
THE
SECOND
AND
THIRD
TROPHIC
LEVEL:
EVOLUTIONARY
ADJUSTMENTS
IN
FOOD
WEBS
.
224
10.4
CONCLUSIONS
.
226
REFERENCES
.
227
APPENDIX
.
231
SECTION
D:
COMMUNITY
INTERACTIONS
11
KEYSTONE
SPECIES
W.
J.
BOND
.
237
11.1
INTRODUCTION
.
237
11.2
HISTORY
OF
THE
CONCEPT
.
238
11.3
THE
DIFFERENT
KINDS
OF
KEYSTONE
SPECIES
.
238
XVIII
CONTENTS
11.3.1
KEYSTONE
PREDATORS
.
239
11.3.2
KEYSTONE
HERBIVORES
.
241
11.3.3
KEYSTONE
PATHOGENS
.
242
11.3.4
KEYSTONE
COMPETITORS
.
242
11.3.5
KEYSTONE
MUTUALISTS
.
243
11.3.6
EARTH-MOVERS
.
245
11.3.7
SYSTEM
PROCESSES
.
245
11.3.8
ABIOTIC
PROCESSES
.
246
11.3.9
SUMMARY
OF
TYPES
OF
KEYSTONE
SPECIES
.
246
11.4
IDENTIFYING
KEYSTONE
SPECIES
.
247
11.4.1
TOWARDS
A
GENERAL
PROTOCOL
.
248
11.5
WHICH
KEYSTONE
SPECIES
ARE
VULNERABLE?
.
249
11.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
249
REFERENCES
.
250
12
REDUNDANCY
IN
ECOSYSTEMS
J.
H.
LAWTON
AND
V.
K.
BROWN
.
255
12.1
INTRODUCTION
.
255
12.2
EVIDENCE
FROM
THE
FOSSIL
RECORD
.
256
12.3
PATTERNS
OF
ENERGY
FLOW,
BIOMASS
AND
THE
STRUCTURE
OF
FOOD
WEBS
.
257
12.3.1
PRODUCTIVITY
AND
BIOMASS
.
257
12.3.2
FOOD
WEBS
.
258
12.4
THEORETICAL
MODELS
OF
ECOSYSTEM
STABILITY
AND
RESILIENCE
.
259
12.4.1
SPECIES
DELETION
STABILITY
.
260
12.4.2
POSSIBLE
MODELLING
APPROACHES
.
261
12.5
OBSERVATIONS
AND
EXPERIMENTS
ON
REAL
SYSTEMS
.
261
12.5.1
SPECIES
RICHNESS
AND
POPULATION
FLUCTUATIONS
.
261
12.5.2
KEYSTONE
SPECIES
.
262
12.5.3
MANIPULATION
EXPERIMENTS:
GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
.
263
12.5.4
MANIPULATION
EXPERIMENTS:
EXAMPLES
.
264
12.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
266
REFERENCES
.
268
13
HOW
MANY
SPECIES
ARE
REQUIRED
FOR
A
FUNCTIONAL
ECOSYSTEM?
F.
I.
WOODWARD
.
271
13.1
INTRODUCTION
.
271
13.1.1
ECOSYSTEMS
.
271
13.2
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
PROPERTIES
.
272
13.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
272
13.2.2
SPECIES
ENUMERATIONS
AND
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
.
273
13.2.3
THE
INEQUALITY
OF
SPECIES
IN
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION
.
276
13.2.4
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
STABILITY
.
277
13.2.5
SPECIES
NUMBERS
AND
DYNAMICS:
YEAR-TO-YEAR
AVERAGING
279
CONTENTS
XIX
13.2.6
SPECIES
NUMBERS
AND
DYNAMICS:
SPECIES
FEEDBACKS
.
281
13.3
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
DYNAMICS
.
283
13.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
283
13.3.2
EXPERIMENTS
.
284
13.3.3
MODELLING
.
286
13.4
CONCLUSIONS
.
287
REFERENCES
.
289
14
RARE
AND
COMMON
PLANTS
IN
ECOSYSTEMS,
WITH
SPECIAL
REFERENCE
TO
THE
SOUTH-WEST
AUSTRALIAN
FLORA
J.
S.
PATE
AND
S.
D.
HOPPER
.
293
14.1
INTRODUCTION
.
293
14.2
SPECIES
RARENESS
OR
COMMONNESS
AND
NICHE
SPECIALIZATION
IN
TERMS
OF
HABITAT
AND
NUTRITIONAL
PREFERENCE
.
298
14.3
FIRE
AS
A
FACTOR
IN
SPECIES
COMMONNESS
AND
RARITY
.
300
14.3.1
STRICTLY
SEROTINOUS
OBLIGATE
SEEDER
SHRUB
OR
TREE
SPECIES
.
302
14.3.2
NON-SEROTINOUS
OR
PARTIALLY
SEROTINOUS
OBLIGATE
SEEDER
SHRUB
OR
TREE
SPECIES
.
303
14.3.3
OBLIGATE
SEEDER
SPECIES
WITH
SOIL-BASED
SEED
RESERVES
303
14.3.4
RESPROUTER
SPECIES
OF
HIGH
RECRUITMENT
POTENTIAL
.
304
14.3.5
LONG-LIVED,
CLONALLY
REPRODUCING
RESPROUTER
SPECIES
OF
STRICTLY
LIMITED
RECRUITMENT
POTENTIAL
.
305
14.3.6
FIRE
EPHEMERALS
.
306
14.3.7
GEOPHYTES
.
308
14.4
THE
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
MORPHOLOGICAL
AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL
VARIATION
TO
COMMONNESS
OR
RARENESS
OF
SPECIES
.
308
14.5
EVALUATION
OF
COMMONNESS
AND
RARENESS
IN
RELATED
TAXONOMIC
GROUPINGS
.
310
14.6
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
BIOTIC
FACTORS
IN
SPECIES
COMMONNESS
OR
RARENESS
.
312
14.7
GENETIC
CORRELATES
OF
COMMONNESS
AND
RARITY
.
314
14.8
CONCLUSIONS
.
318
REFERENCES
.
320
15
COMMUNITY
DIVERSITY
AND
SUCCESSION:
THE
ROLES
OF
COMPETITION,
DISPERSAL,
AND
HABITAT
MODIFICATION
D.
TILMAN
.
327
15.1
INTRODUCTION
.
327
15.2
SUCCESSION
.
328
15.2.1
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSTRAINTS
.
328
15.2.2
INTERSPECIFIC
TRADE-OFFS
.
329
15.2.3
SUCCESSIONAL
THEORIES
.
330
15.2.4
SUCCESSIONAL
DYNAMICS
AND
THE
EXISTING
SPECIES
POOL
.
335
15.3
BIOTIC
DIVERSITY
.
337
XX
CONTENTS
15.3.1
SPATIAL
HETEROGENEITY
.
337
15.3.2
LOCAL
RECRUITMENT
LIMITATION
.
338
15.3.3
SUCCESSION
AND
BIODIVERSITY
.
338
15.3.4
CONSTRAINTS,
TRADE-OFFS,
AND
THE
CONSERVATION
OF
BIODIVERSITY
.
339
15.4
CONCLUSIONS
.
341
REFERENCES
.
341
SECTION
E:
ECOSYSTEM
INTEGRITY
16
BIODIVERSITY
AND
THE
BALANCE
OF
NATURE
S.L.
PIMM
.
347
16.1
WHAT
BIODIVERSITY
IS
GOOD
FOR
.
347
16.2
A
HISTORY
OF
ECOLOGICAL
STABILITY
.
348
16.2.1
CONTROVERSY
.
349
16.3
THE
STABILITY
OF
POPULATIONS
.
351
16.3.1
RESILIENCE:
THE
EXAMPLE
OF
PEST
OUTBREAKS
.
351
16.3.2
YEAR-TO-YEAR
VARIABILITY
IN
DENSITIES
.
352
16.4
THE
PERSISTENCE
OF
COMMUNITIES
.
353
16.4.1
EXTINCTION
.
355
16.4.2
INVASIONS
.
355
16.5
RESISTANCE
TO
CHANGE
.
357
16.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
358
REFERENCES
.
359
17
BIODIVERSITY
AND
FUNCTION
OF
GRAZING
ECOSYSTEMS
S.
J.
MCNAUGHTON
.
361
17.1
INTRODUCTION
.
361
17.1.1
INTELLECTUAL
ORIGINS
.
361
17.1.2
CONCEPTUAL
DEVELOPMENT
.
362
17.1.3
AN
INDIVIDUAL
REMARK
.
363
17.2
THEORY
AND
EMPIRICISM
.
364
17.2.1
CONCEPTUAL
DEFINITIONS
.
364
17.3
HOW
TO
TEST
.
366
17.4
TESTS
.
367
17.4.1
DIVERSITY
AND
PRODUCTIVITY
.
367
17.4.2
DIVERSITY
AND
STABILITY
.
369
17.5
STABILITY
OF
SPECIES
COMPOSITION
TO
DROUGHT
AND
GRAZING:
YELLOWSTONE
GRAZING
ECOSYSTEM
.
378
17.6
CONCLUSIONS:
BIODIVERSITY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION
.
379
17.6.1
BIODIVERSITY,
PRODUCTIVITY,
AND
STABILITY
.
379
17.6.2
BIODIVERSITY,
SYSTEM
PERPETUATION,
AND
GLOBAL
CHANGE
380
REFERENCES
.
382
CONTENTS
XXI
18
RESOURCE
SUPPLY
AND
DISTURBANCE
AS
CONTROLS
OVER
PRESENT
AND
FUTURE
PLANT
DIVERSITY
S.E.
HOBBIE,
D.B.
JENSEN,
AND
F.S.
CHAPIN,
III
.
385
18.1
INTRODUCTION
.
385
18.2
FUTURE
RESOURCE
AND
DISTURBANCE
REGIMES
.
385
18.3
PLANT
GENETIC
DIVERSITY
.
387
18.3.1
PATTERNS
OF
GENETIC
DIVERSITY
.
388
18.3.2
LAND-USE
CHANGES
AND
HABITAT
FRAGMENTATION
.
389
18.3.3
CLIMATIC
EFFECTS
.
390
18.3.4
RESOURCE
AVAILABILITY
.
391
18.4
PLANT
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
.
392
18.4.1
REGIONAL
PATTERNS
.
392
18.4.2
LATITUDINAL
PATTERNS
.
394
18.4.3
PALEOECOLOGICAL
PATTERNS
.
394
18.4.4
FUTURE
CHANGES
.
395
18.5
DIVERSITY
OF
PLANT
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
.
396
18.5.1
GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
.
396
18.5.2
CONTROL
BY
RESOURCES
AND
DISTURBANCE
.
398
18.5.3
TYPES
OF
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
.
399
18.5.4
CLIMATIC
PREDICTORS
.
400
18.5.5
FUTURE
DIVERSITY
.
401
18.6
LANDSCAPE
DIVERSITY
.
403
18.7
CONSEQUENCES
OF
CHANGING
BIODIVERSITY
.
403
18.8
CONCLUSIONS
.
404
REFERENCES
.
405
19
ECOSYSTEM
STABILITY,
COMPETITION,
AND
NUTRIENT
CYCLING
F.
BERENDSE
.
409
19.1
INTRODUCTION
.
409
19.2
STABILITY
OF
MODEL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
410
19.3
COMPETITION
AND
THE
LOSS
OF
DIVERSITY
.
413
19.4
STABILIZING
CONSEQUENCES
OF
COMPETITIVE
INTERACTIONS
.
414
19.5
EFFECTS
OF
ORGANISMS
ON
THEIR
PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
.
419
19.6
FEATURES
AFFECTING
PLANT
FITNESS
UNDER
DIFFERENT
NUTRIENT
SUPPLY
CONDITIONS
.
421
19.7
CONSEQUENCES
OF
THE
DIFFERENT
EFFECTS
OF
PLANT
SPECIES
ON
THE
NUTRIENT
CYCLE
.
423
19.8
CONCLUSIONS
.
427
REFERENCES
.
428
20
MODELLING
BIODIVERSITY:
LATITUDINAL
GRADIENT
OF
FOREST
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
Y.
IWASA,
K.
SATO,
M.
KAKITA,
AND
T.
KUBO
.
433
20.1
INTRODUCTION
.
433
XXII
CONTENTS
20.2
HYPOTHESES
EXPLAINING
THE
VARIATION
OF
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
.
434
20.2.1
SPECIALIZATION
OF
RESOURCE
USE
.
434
20.2.2
MODE
OF
DISTURBANCE
.
434
20.2.3
SMALLER
OPPORTUNITY
FOR
COMPETITION
.
435
20.2.4
PRODUCTIVITY
.
436
20.2.5
SPECIFIC
HERBIVORES
AND
PATHOGENS
.
436
20.2.6
EVOLUTIONARY/ECOLOGICAL
HISTORY
.
436
20.3
TREE-BY-TREE
REPLACEMENT:
FINITE
POPULATION
MODELS
.
437
20.3.1
SPATIAL
SCALE
OF
DISTURBANCE
AND
DISPERSAL
.
438
20.3.2
INHIBITED
REGENERATION
.
439
20.3.3
TEMPORAL
FLUCTUATION
OF
REGENERATION
ABILITY
.
441
20.4
SPECIES
PACKING
TO
TEMPORAL
NICHES:
INFINITE
POPULATION
MODELS
.
441
20.4.1
MODEL
.
442
20.4.2
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
VERSUS
THE
LENGTH
OF
THE
UNFAVORABLE
SEASON
.
443
20.4.3
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
VERSUS
NICHE
WIDTH
.
444
20.4.4
PHENOLOGY
OF
COEXISTING
SPECIES
.
445
20.5
CONCLUSIONS
.
447
REFERENCES
.
449
21
FUNCTIONAL
ASPECTS
OF
LANDSCAPE
DIVERSITY:
A
BAVARIAN
EXAMPLE
E.-D.
SCHULZE
AND
P.
GERSTBERGER
.
453
21.1
INTRODUCTION
.
453
21.2
GEOLOGY
AND
VEGETATION
.
453
21.3
LAND
USE
IN
NORTHEAST
BAVARIA
.
454
21.3.1
HEDGEROWS
.
456
21.3.2
GRASSLANDS
.
461
21.3.3
FORESTS
.
462
21.4
CONCLUSIONS
.
464
REFERENCES
.
465
SECTION
F:
INDUSTRIAL
ANALOGY
AND
POLICY
22
BIODIVERSITY
ISSUES
IN
COMPUTING:
A
STUDY
OF
NETWORKED
COMPUTER
VIRUSES
C.
PARTRIDGE
AND
C.
MALMSTRBM
.
469
22.1
INTRODUCTION
.
469
22.2
STABLE
DISTRIBUTED
COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
.
470
22.3
COMPUTER
VIRUSES
.
471
22.3.1
DUFF
'
S
VIRUS
.
471
22.3.2
THE
MORRIS
VIRUS
.
472
CONTENTS
XXIII
22.4
DIVERSITY
AND
THE
SPREAD
OF
A
NETWORKED
VIRUS
.
473
22.4.1
A
SIMPLE
MATHEMATICAL
MODEL
.
473
22.4.2
FUNCTIONAL
DIVERSITY
.
475
22.4.3
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
.
477
22.5
CONCLUSIONS
.
479
REFERENCES
.
479
23
BIODIVERSITY
AND
POLICY
DECISIONS
L.F.
PITELKA
.
481
23.1
INTRODUCTION
.
481
23.2
CONSERVING
BIODIVERSITY
.
482
23.3
GLOBAL
CLIMATE
CHANGE
.
483
23.4
ECOLOGICAL
RESEARCH
AND
POLICY
DECISIONS
.
485
23.5
PROVIDING
POLICY-RELEVANT
RESEARCH
RESULTS
.
486
23.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
492
REFERENCES
.
492
CONCLUSION
24
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION
OF
BIODIVERSITY:
A
SUMMARY
E.-D
SCHULZE
AND
H.A.
MOONEY
.
497
24.1
INTRODUCTION
.
497
24.2
WHAT
IS
AN
ECOSYSTEM?
.
497
24.3
THE
REGULATION
OF
ECOSYSTEM
PROCESSES
.
499
24.4
ARE
THERE
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS?
.
501
24.5
DETERMINANTS
OF
SPECIES
NUMBERS
.
503
24.6
ECOSYSTEM
INTEGRITY
.
506
24.7
EFFECTS
OF
GLOBAL
CHANGE
ON
LAND
USE
AND
CLIMATE
.
506
24.8
CONCLUSIONS
.
507
REFERENCES
.
509
SPECIES
INDEX
.
511
SUBJECT
INDEX
.
521 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)121093646 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV009776443 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QH313 |
| callnumber-raw | QH313 |
| callnumber-search | QH313 |
| callnumber-sort | QH 3313 |
| callnumber-subject | QH - Natural History and Biology |
| classification_rvk | AR 11500 AR 13540 WI 2000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)30624686 (DE-599)BVBBV009776443 |
| dewey-full | 574.5 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 574 - [Unassigned] |
| dewey-raw | 574.5 |
| dewey-search | 574.5 |
| dewey-sort | 3574.5 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Allgemeines Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1991 Bayreuth gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift 1991 Bayreuth |
| id | DE-604.BV009776443 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-14T01:24:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540558047 0387558047 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006468619 |
| oclc_num | 30624686 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-29 DE-N2 DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-29 DE-N2 DE-634 |
| physical | XXVII, 525 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1994 |
| publishDateSearch | 1994 |
| publishDateSort | 1994 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ecological studies |
| series2 | Ecological studies |
| spelling | Biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables Ernst-Detlef Schulze ... (eds.) Berlin u.a. Springer 1994 XXVII, 525 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ecological studies 99 Literaturangaben Biodiversiteit gtt Ecosystemen gtt Menselijke invloed gtt Populatiedynamica gtt Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation Biotic communities Verschiedenheit (DE-588)4283474-0 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd rswk-swf Populationsbiologie (DE-588)4046800-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1991 Bayreuth gnd-content Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 s DE-604 Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 s Populationsbiologie (DE-588)4046800-8 s Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s Verschiedenheit (DE-588)4283474-0 s 1\p DE-604 Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 s 2\p DE-604 Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- Sonstige (DE-588)121093646 oth Ecological studies 99 (DE-604)BV000004586 99 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006468619&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables Ecological studies Biodiversiteit gtt Ecosystemen gtt Menselijke invloed gtt Populatiedynamica gtt Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation Biotic communities Verschiedenheit (DE-588)4283474-0 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd Populationsbiologie (DE-588)4046800-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4283474-0 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4601495-0 (DE-588)4006851-1 (DE-588)4131912-6 (DE-588)4045575-0 (DE-588)4046800-8 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables |
| title_auth | Biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables |
| title_exact_search | Biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables |
| title_full | Biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables Ernst-Detlef Schulze ... (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | Biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables Ernst-Detlef Schulze ... (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables Ernst-Detlef Schulze ... (eds.) |
| title_short | Biodiversity and ecosystem function |
| title_sort | biodiversity and ecosystem function with 22 tables |
| title_sub | with 22 tables |
| topic | Biodiversiteit gtt Ecosystemen gtt Menselijke invloed gtt Populatiedynamica gtt Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation Biotic communities Verschiedenheit (DE-588)4283474-0 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd Artenreichtum (DE-588)4131912-6 gnd Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd Populationsbiologie (DE-588)4046800-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biodiversiteit Ecosystemen Menselijke invloed Populatiedynamica Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation Biotic communities Verschiedenheit Ökosystem Biodiversität Biologie Artenreichtum Pflanzenökologie Populationsbiologie Konferenzschrift 1991 Bayreuth |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006468619&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000004586 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schulzeernstdetlef biodiversityandecosystemfunctionwith22tables |