Welfare and inequality: national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state
Since World War Two, maintenance of the welfare state has been seen as an essential part of government in most democratic capitalist countries. Yet over the past two decades the welfare state has been under increasing pressure. On the one hand, rapid social and economic change has left many people v...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge u.a.
Cambridge Univ. Press
1994
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Since World War Two, maintenance of the welfare state has been seen as an essential part of government in most democratic capitalist countries. Yet over the past two decades the welfare state has been under increasing pressure. On the one hand, rapid social and economic change has left many people vulnerable and dependent on social institutions, while on the other, deteriorating economic prospects have led to calls to cut welfare expenditure This book introduces key concepts and arguments in the welfare state debate and questions the views of those who argue for further cutbacks It looks at the role, nature and effects of the welfare state in contemporary society; the links between the welfare state and the economy, particularly the problems facing the Australian welfare state in the economic, social and demographic environment of the 1990s; and the success of the Australian welfare state in achieving its aims of improving economic equality and social cohesion |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 319 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521454565 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Since World War Two, maintenance of the welfare state has been seen as an essential part of government in most democratic capitalist countries. Yet over the past two decades the welfare state has been under increasing pressure. On the one hand, rapid social and economic change has left many people vulnerable and dependent on social institutions, while on the other, deteriorating economic prospects have led to calls to cut welfare expenditure | |
| 520 | |a This book introduces key concepts and arguments in the welfare state debate and questions the views of those who argue for further cutbacks | ||
| 520 | |a It looks at the role, nature and effects of the welfare state in contemporary society; the links between the welfare state and the economy, particularly the problems facing the Australian welfare state in the economic, social and demographic environment of the 1990s; and the success of the Australian welfare state in achieving its aims of improving economic equality and social cohesion | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1980-1990 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804124108241240064 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction: Welfare and Inequality 1
Introduction 1
Welfare and the Economy 6
Welfare and Inequality 9
2 Past Developments and Future Prospects for Social
Security in Australia 14
Introduction 14
Public Expenditure, the Welfare State and Economic
Growth 16
The Australian Social Security System 21
Future Prospects for Social Security 33
Social Security, Inequality and Redistribution 44
3 An Economic Perspective on the Provision and Finance
of Community Services 50
Introduction 50
Trends in Public Sector Outlays and Community
Service Expenditures 51
Employment in Community Services 65
Issues in the Financing of Community Services 70
4 Efficiency and Effectiveness in Social Policies:
An International Perspective 90
Introduction 90
Welfare State Expenditure Developments in the 1980s 94
The Social Policy Context 100
The Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Programs 105
vii
viii Contents
5 Economic Rationalism and the Welfare State 126
Introduction 126
Economic and Social Performance in the 1980s 127
Economic Rationalism 146
Beyond Economic Rationalism? 153
6 The Social Wage, Living Standards and Inequality 158
Introduction 158
The Social Wage: Concept and Definition 159
Social Wage Expenditure Trends 168
Living Standards and Inequality 173
The Social Wage in International Perspective 185
7 Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective:
Concepts and Results 191
Introduction 191
Methodological and Data Issues 193
The Luxembourg Income Study 201
Income Distribution in the Early 1980s 203
Changes in Income Inequality in Australia and
New Zealand, 1981 82 to 1985 86 210
8 Poverty: Concepts and Measurement 218
Introduction 218
The Concept of Poverty 221
The Henderson Poverty Line 245
Measuring the Extent of Poverty 258
9 Poverty and Deprivation in the 1980s 261
Introduction 261
Income Poverty in the 1980s 263
Relative Deprivation 276
References 292
Index 314
List of Tables
2.1 Poverty Among Social Security Recipients in 1981 82
and 1989 90 25
2.2 A Simple Classification of Social Security Categories 28
2.3 Growth in Social Security Expenditures,
1976 77 to 1991 92 30
2.4 Projected Demographic Developments, 1985 to 2021 36
2.5 The Distribution of Commonwealth Budget Social
Security and Welfare Outlays by Age, 1981 82 and 1984 85 38
2.6 Projections of Social Security and Welfare Outlays by Age,
1985 to 2021 40
2.7 Redistribution of Equivalent Family Income in Four
Countries: The Distribution of Market and Gross Income 47
2.8 Redistribution of Equivalent Family Income in Four
Countries: The Composition of Gross Income 48
3.1 Commonwealth and State Community Service
Expenditures by Age, 1980 81 63
3.2 Public and Private Expenditures on Education and
Health, 1974 75 to 1988 89 75
3.3 Education Outlays and Health Expenditures by Level of
Government, 1974 75 to 1988 89 76
3.4 Commonwealth Government Welfare State lax
Expenditures 78
4.1 General Government Expenditure and Social
Expenditure in OECD Countries since 1975 96
4.2 Selected Social Expenditure Developments since 1985 98
4.3 Public Pension Systems and Poverty among the Elderly
in Selected Countries around 1980 116
5.1 Economic Performance in Australia over Three Decades 131
5.2 The Changing Structure of Government in the 1980s 137
5.3 The Distribution of Income in 1981 82 and 1989 90 144
ix
x List of Tables
6.1 Social Wage Expenditures, 1979 80 to 1990 91 170
6.2 The Social Wage and Vertical Income Inequality
in 1988 89 176
6.3 The Social Wage and Life Cycle and Horizontal
Inequality in 1988 89 178
6.4 Changes in the Social Wage and Living Standards
between 1984 and 1988 89 183
6.5 The Level of Non cash Education and Health Benefits
in Seven Countries 187
6.6 The Effects of Non cash Social Wage Benefits on
Income Distribution in Seven Countries 188
7.1 The Relative Importance of Income Sources and
Taxes as a Percentage of Average Gross Income 204
7.2 The Distribution of Family Income in Eight Countries 206
7.3 Economic Performance Indicators, Australia and
New Zealand 1981 1986 212
7.4 Changes in Income Sources and Taxes, 1981 82
to 1985 86 213
7.5 Changes in Income Inequality, 1981 82 to 1985 86 214
7.6 Changes in the Composition of Gross Income
in the Lowest and Highest Quintiles of Individuals,
1981 82 to 1985 86 215
8.1 The Characteristics of Townsend s Deprivation Index 233
8.2 The Henderson Relativities and the Results from
Equivalence Scale Research 251
9.1 The Henderson Poverty Lines in 1981 82, 1985 86
and 1989 90 268
9.2 The Incidence and Structure of Poverty by Income
Unit Type 270
9.3 Poverty by Labour Force Status 273
9.4 Indicators of Material Possessions and Social
Participation Derived from the Australian Standard
of Living Study 280
9.5 Material Deprivation: The Incidence of Families Going
Without Basic Consumer Items 283
9.6 Deprivation Indicators Derived from the Household
Expenditure Survey Data 287
9.7 The Incidence of Deprivation in Australia in 1988 89 289
List of Figures
2.1 Economic Growth and Social Expenditure in OECD
Countries, 1960 to 1981 18
2.2 Economic Growth and Expenditure on Social Security
Transfers, 1960 to 1981 20
3.1 Trends in Total Government Outlays, 1965 66 to 1991 92 52
3.2 Social Outlays as a Percentage of GDP 54
3.3 The Share of Social Outlays in Total Outlays 56
3.4 Social Outlays and Community Service Expenditures,
1965 66 to 1991 92 57
3.5 Real Per Capita Community Service Expenditure,
1965 66 to 1990 91 62
3.6 The Age Structure of the Population, 1966 to 1991 64
3.7 Employment in Community Services as a Percentage
of Total Employment 66
3.8 The Structure of Employed Wage and Salary Earner s,
August 1991 68
3.9 The Growth of Employed Wage and Salary Earners,
August 1983 to August 1991 69
4.1 Poverty Reduction Efficiency and Effectiveness 112
5.1 Economic Growth, Employment Growth atrd
Unemployment in Australia and the OECD, 1980 to 1990 130
5.2 Inflation, Government Outlays and Tax Revenues iir
Australia and the OECD, 1980 to 1990 132
5.3 Changes irr Relative Poverty, 1981 82 to 1989 90 142
6.1 Changes irr Commonwealth Social Wage Outlays,
1980 81 to 1991 92 172
8.1 Derivation of the Consensual Poverty Line for a
Family of a Specific Size 238
8.2 Average Response to the Morgan Minimum Income
Question, 1949 to 1988 241
xi
xii List of Figures
8.3 Trends in Average Weekly Earnings, the Consumer Price
Index and Household Disposable Income Per Capita,
1973 74 to 1990 91 254
8.4 Movements in Real Household Disposable Income Per
Capita, 1973 74 to 1990 91 254
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:40:25Z |
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| spelling | Saunders, Peter Verfasser aut Welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state Peter Saunders 1. publ. Cambridge u.a. Cambridge Univ. Press 1994 XV, 319 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Since World War Two, maintenance of the welfare state has been seen as an essential part of government in most democratic capitalist countries. Yet over the past two decades the welfare state has been under increasing pressure. On the one hand, rapid social and economic change has left many people vulnerable and dependent on social institutions, while on the other, deteriorating economic prospects have led to calls to cut welfare expenditure This book introduces key concepts and arguments in the welfare state debate and questions the views of those who argue for further cutbacks It looks at the role, nature and effects of the welfare state in contemporary society; the links between the welfare state and the economy, particularly the problems facing the Australian welfare state in the economic, social and demographic environment of the 1990s; and the success of the Australian welfare state in achieving its aims of improving economic equality and social cohesion Geschichte 1980-1990 gnd rswk-swf Aide sociale Aide sociale - Australie Aide sociale - Australie ram Armoede gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Pauvres - Australie ram Pauvreté Pauvreté - Australie Pauvreté - Australie ram Revenu - Répartition Revenu - Répartition - Australie Revenu - Répartition - Australie ram Sociale zekerheid gtt Sécurité sociale Sécurité sociale - Australie Sécurité sociale - Australie ram Soziale Sicherheit Income distribution Income distribution Australia Poverty Poverty Australia Public welfare Public welfare Australia Social security Social security Australia Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Sicherheit (DE-588)4055732-7 gnd rswk-swf Australien Australien (DE-588)4003900-6 gnd rswk-swf Australien (DE-588)4003900-6 g Soziale Sicherheit (DE-588)4055732-7 s Geschichte 1980-1990 z DE-604 Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006456790&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Saunders, Peter Welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state Aide sociale Aide sociale - Australie Aide sociale - Australie ram Armoede gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Pauvres - Australie ram Pauvreté Pauvreté - Australie Pauvreté - Australie ram Revenu - Répartition Revenu - Répartition - Australie Revenu - Répartition - Australie ram Sociale zekerheid gtt Sécurité sociale Sécurité sociale - Australie Sécurité sociale - Australie ram Soziale Sicherheit Income distribution Income distribution Australia Poverty Poverty Australia Public welfare Public welfare Australia Social security Social security Australia Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd Soziale Sicherheit (DE-588)4055732-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4055879-4 (DE-588)4055732-7 (DE-588)4003900-6 |
| title | Welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state |
| title_auth | Welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state |
| title_exact_search | Welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state |
| title_full | Welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state Peter Saunders |
| title_fullStr | Welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state Peter Saunders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state Peter Saunders |
| title_short | Welfare and inequality |
| title_sort | welfare and inequality national and international perspectives on the australian welfare state |
| title_sub | national and international perspectives on the Australian welfare state |
| topic | Aide sociale Aide sociale - Australie Aide sociale - Australie ram Armoede gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Pauvres - Australie ram Pauvreté Pauvreté - Australie Pauvreté - Australie ram Revenu - Répartition Revenu - Répartition - Australie Revenu - Répartition - Australie ram Sociale zekerheid gtt Sécurité sociale Sécurité sociale - Australie Sécurité sociale - Australie ram Soziale Sicherheit Income distribution Income distribution Australia Poverty Poverty Australia Public welfare Public welfare Australia Social security Social security Australia Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd Soziale Sicherheit (DE-588)4055732-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aide sociale Aide sociale - Australie Armoede Inkomensverdeling Pauvres - Australie Pauvreté Pauvreté - Australie Revenu - Répartition Revenu - Répartition - Australie Sociale zekerheid Sécurité sociale Sécurité sociale - Australie Soziale Sicherheit Income distribution Income distribution Australia Poverty Poverty Australia Public welfare Public welfare Australia Social security Social security Australia Sozialpolitik Australien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006456790&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saunderspeter welfareandinequalitynationalandinternationalperspectivesontheaustralianwelfarestate |