Introduction to remote sensing:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Taylor & Francis
1993
|
| Ausgabe: | Reprint. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 293 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0850664098 0850663350 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to remote sensing |c Arthur Cracknell and Ladson Hayes |
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| 264 | 1 | |a London u.a. |b Taylor & Francis |c 1993 | |
| 300 | |a X, 293 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804123903958712320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Introduction to remote sensing
Autor: Cracknell, Arthur P.
Jahr: 1993
Contents
Preface ix
1. An introduction to remote sensing 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aircraft versus satellites 7
1.3 Weather satellites 9
1.4 Observations of the Earth s surface 10
1.5 Communications and data collection systems 11
1.5.1 Communications systems 11
1.5.2 Data collection systems 12
2. Sensors and instruments 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Electromagnetic radiation 23
2.3 Visible and near-infrared sensors 28
2.4 Thermal-infrared sensors 33
2.5 Microwave sensors 37
2.6 Sonic sensors 43
2.6.1 Sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) 43
2.6.2 Echo sounding 44
2.6.3 Side scan sonar 44
3. Satellite systems 49
3.1 Introduction . 49
3.2 GOES-E, GOES-W and METEOSAT 50
3.3 LANDSAT-1, LANDSAT-2 and LANDSAT-3 51
3.4 TIROS-N series 55
3.5 HCMM, NIMBUS-7 and SEASAT 57
3.6 New satellite systems 58
3.7 Resolution 59
3.7.1 Spectral resolution 59
3.7.2 Spatial resolution 60
3.7.3 Frequency of coverage 61
vi Contents
4. Data reception, archiving and distribution 63
5. Lasers and active aircraft remote sensing systems 69
5.1 Introduction 69
5.2 Lidar bathymetry 70
5.3 Laser fluorosensing 74
6. Ground wave and sky wave radar techniques 81
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Ground wave systems 83
6.3 Sky wave systems 84
7. Active microwave instruments 92
7.1 The altimeter 92
7.2 The scatterometer 98
7.3 Synthetic aperture radar 105
8. Atmospheric corrections to passive satellite remote
sensing data 116
8.1 Introduction 116
8.2 Radiative transfer theory 117
8.3 Physical processes involved in atmospheric correction 119
8.3.1 Emitted radiation 123
8.3.1.1 Surface radiance: Lx(k)J 123
8.3.1.2 Upwelling atmospheric radiance: L2(k),T2 124
8.3.1.3 Downwelling atmospheric radiance: L3(/c),r3 125
8.3.1.4 Space component: L4(k),T4 125
8.3.1.5 Total radiance: L*(k),T4 126
8.3.1.6 Calculation of sea-surface temperature 126
8.3.2 Reflected radiation 126
8.3.3 Atmospheric transmission 129
8.3.3.1 Scattering by air molecules 130
8.3.3.2 Absorption by gases 131
8.3.3.3 Scattering by aerosol particles 133
8.4 Passive microwave scanners and thermal-infrared scanners 134
8.4.1 The radiative transfer equation 134
8.4.2 The Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer 137
8.4.3 Thermal-infrared scanner data 138
8.5 Visible wavelength scanners 148
8.5.1 Principles of atmospheric corrections 148
8.5.2 Corrections to visible-band data 152
9. Image processing 159
9.1 Introduction 159
9.2 The format of a digital image 160
9.3 Image generation 161
9.4 Density slicing 164
9.5 Image processing programs 165
Contents vii
9.6 Image enhancement 166
9.7 Multi-spectral images 173
9.8 Principal components 177
9.9 Fourier transforms 182
10. Applications of remotely sensed data 191
10.1 Introduction 191
10.2 Applications to the atmosphere 191
10.2.1 Weather satellites in forecasting and nowcasting 191
10.2.2 Weather radars in forecasting 193
10.2.3 The determination of temperature changes with
height from satellites 194
10.2.4 Measurements of windspeed 196
10.2.4.1 Tropospheric estimations from cloud
motion 196
10.2.4.2 Microwave estimations of surface
wind shear 196
10.2.4.3 Sky wave radar 197
10.2.5 Hurricanes 197
10.2.6 Satellite climatology 200
10.3 Applications to the geosphere 208
10.3.1 Geological information from electromagnetic
radiation 208
10.3.2 Geological information from the thermal spectrum 210
10.3.2.1 Thermal mapping 210
10.3.2.2 Engineering geology 213
10.3.2.3 Geothermal and volcano studies 214
10.3.2.4 Detecting underground and surface
coal fires 217
10.3.3 Geological information from radar data 217
10.3.4 Geological information from potential field data 219
10.3.5 Geological information from sonars 219
10.4 Applications to the biosphere 221
10.4.1 Spatial Information Systems, land use and
land cover mapping 224
10.5 Applications to the hydrosphere 227
10.5.1 Hydrology 227
10.5.2 Oceanography and marine resources 228
10.5.2.1 Satellite views of upwelling 229
10.5.2.2 Sea-surface temperatures 231
10.5.2.3 Applications of lidars to bathymetry 232
10.6 Applications to the cryosphere 234
10.7 Environmental applications 236
10.7.1 Thermal imagery 237
10.7.2 Air quality 238
10.7.3 Pollution by hydrocarbons 239
viii Contents
10.7.4 Applications of fluorosensing 241
10.7.5 Side scan sonar 242
10.8 Applications of data collection systems 244
10.8.1 Meteorology 244
10.8.2 Oceanography 245
10.8.3 Investigations of the cryosphere 246
10.8.4 Some other applications 246
10.9 Postscript 247
References 249
Appendix I. Bibliography 257
Appendix II. Sources of remotely sensed data 260
Appendix III. Abbreviations and acronyms 271
Index 279
|
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| title | Introduction to remote sensing |
| title_auth | Introduction to remote sensing |
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| title_full | Introduction to remote sensing Arthur Cracknell and Ladson Hayes |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to remote sensing Arthur Cracknell and Ladson Hayes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to remote sensing Arthur Cracknell and Ladson Hayes |
| title_short | Introduction to remote sensing |
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