Mass media, modernity, and development: Arab states of the Gulf
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Westport, Conn. u.a.
Praeger
1993
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 291 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0275945332 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kazan, Fayad E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mass media, modernity, and development |b Arab states of the Gulf |c Fayad E. Kazan |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Westport, Conn. u.a. |b Praeger |c 1993 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 291 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804123699393069056 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Illustrations xi
Foreword by Frederick Frey xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
INTRODUCTION 1
Media Effects 1
Breakdown of the Western Paradigm of Development 2
Purpose of the Study 4
Research Questions 8
Assumptions 10
Limitations 12
Definitions 13
1. MODERNIZATION, DEVELOPMENT,
DEPENDENCY, AND MASS COMMUNICATION 19
Origin of Modern Society 19
The Classical Theory of Modernization 19
A Critique of the Classical Theory of Modernization 23
Relevance of the Classical Theory of Modernization
to the Understanding of Gulf Modernization and
Development 24
The Mainstream Theory of Modernization 30
A Critique of the Mainstream Theory of Modernization 35
Relevance of the Mainstream Theory of Modernization
to the Understanding of Gulf Modernization and
Development 36
The Mainstream Communication Theory of Modernization
and Development 37
viii Contents
A General Critique of the Mainstream Communication
Theory of Modernization and Development,
of the Western Paradigm of Development,
and Its Communication Model 47
The Neo Marxist Dependency Theory of Underdevelopment 53
A Critique of the Neo Marxist Dependency Theory
of Underdevelopment 60
Relevance of the Neo Marxist Dependency Theory
to the Understanding of Gulf Modernization
and Development 63
The New Paradigms of Development 65
The Neo Marxist Dependency Theory of Communication 67
A Critique of the Neo Marxist Dependency
Theory of Communication 75
2. GULF STATES: HUMAN RESOURCES, SOCIOECONOMIC,
POLITICAL, AND MASS MEDIA STRUCTURE 83
Human Resources 88
Politics of Modernization and Social Change in the Gulf 90
Mass Media in the Gulf 92
Regional and Foreign Mass Media Exposure in the Gulf 98
3. METHODOLOGY 103
The Media Scale (MS) 103
The Media Content Scale (MCS) 104
The Modernity Scale (OM 12) 105
The Stress Scale, or Psychosomatic Symptoms Test (PST) 105
Social Background Variable Questionnaire 106
Reliability and Validity 106
Sampling 117
4. FINDINGS 121
Media Exposure and Modernity 122
Relationships Between Number of Media Utilized
and Duration of Time Spent with Media and Modernity 123
Media Composite Variables and Modernity 127
Media Content and Modernity 127
Modernity Relevant Institutions and Modernity 131
Media Exposure Differences Between the Very Low
and the Very High Modernity Groups 144
Media Exposure and Stress 167
The Media Imperialism Thesis 169
How the Modernizing Role of Education Can Be Diluted:
Findings Based on Participant Observation Method 170
Contents ix
Comment 174
5. CONCLUSIONS, MEDIA IMPACT MODEL,
PROSPECTS FOR GULF DEVELOPMENT,
MEDIA IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 177
Media and Modernity 177
Multimedia Exposure and Travel as Related to Modernity
Levels 178
Institutional Role Conflict and Modernity 181
Media and Stress 183
A Mass Media Impact Model 183
Explaining Mass Media Impact on Modernity in the Gulf 192
Summary 195
Prospects for Gulf Modernization and Development
and the Role of Mass Media in That Regard 202
Generalizability of the Findings 209
Recommendations 211
Policy Recommendations 212
Toward New Paradigms of Development 214
APPENDIX A: PROFILE OF MEDIA EXPOSURE
WITHIN EACH GULF COUNTRY 219
Radio Services 219
Television Stations 233
Video Programs 234
Newspapers 241
Magazines 244
APPENDIX B: CONDUCTING THE FIELD WORK 249
Initial Contacts 249
Polishing the Research Instruments 249
Preparing for the Field Work 250
Sampling in Practice 252
Executing the Field Work 253
APPENDIX C: THE ANALYSIS TABLES 255
Bibliography 269
Index 281
Illustrations
FIGURES
2.1 Area Size of the Six Gulf Countries 85
2.2 World Oil Production 86
2.3 World Oil Reserve Estimate, 1991 87
2.4 Population Size of the Gulf Countries 89
3.1 Gulf Countries Modernity and Development Levels 112
3.2 Modernity and Trust in Religious Authority 113
3.3 Relations between Trust in Foreign Media and Trust
in Religious Authority 114
3.4 Countries Levels of Modernity and Stress 116
3.5 Media, Modernity, and Stress Variables Distribution 119
4.1 Local Media Correlations with Modernity 124
4.2 Regional Media Correlations with Modernity 125
4.3 Foreign Media Correlations with Modernity 126
4.4 Local Media Credibility, Satisfaction, and Interest
Correlations with Modernity 128
4.5 Foreign Media Credibility, Satisfaction, and Interest
Correlations with Modernity 129
4.6 Media World news and Religious Content Correlations
with Modernity 30
47 Trust in Religious Authority: Correlations with
Modernity 132
4.8 Trust in Local Media: Correlations with Modernity 133
49 Trust in Head of Family: Correlations with Modernity 134
4.10 Trust in Government: Correlations with Modernity 135
411 Trust in Foreign Media: Correlations with Modernity 136
4.12 Trust in Foreign Media: Correlations with Trust
in Government 137
xii Illustrations
4.13 Trust in Foreign Media: Correlations with Trust
in Religious Authority 138
4.14 Trust in Foreign Media: Correlations with Trust in
Local Media 139
4.15 Trust in Foreign Media: Correlations with Trust
in the Family Head 140
4.16 Problems Facing Gulf Countries as Cited by
Respondents of each Country 141
4.17 Foreign Media Correlations with Problems Indicating
Progressiveness 142
4.18 Travel, Media, and Religious Authority: Correlations
with Modernity 143
4.19 Exposure to and Time Spent with Foreign Media by
the Very Low and Very High Modernity Groups 147
4.20 Exposure to Local, Regional, and Foreign Media
Religious Content by the Very Low and Very High
Modernity Groups 149
4.21 Exposure to Local, Regional and Foreign Media World
News Content by the Very Low and Very High
Modernity Groups 150
4.22 Trust Attributed to Foreign Media and Religious
Authority by the Very Low and the Very High
Modernity Groups 151
4.23 Average Number of Trips Made and Number of Weeks
Spent Abroad by the Very Low and the Very High
Modernity Groups 152
4.24 Average Number of Opinion Leaders Consulted
and Problems Cited by the Very Low
and Very High Modernity Groups 153
4.25 Local and Foreign Media Exposure by Very Low
through Very High Modernity Groups 155
4.26 Interest Given Local Media World news by Very Low
through Very High Modernity Groups 157
4.27 Interest Given Local Media Religious Content
by Very Low through Very High Modernity
Groups 158
4.28 Interest Given Regional Media Religious and World
news Content by Very Low through Very High
Modernity Groups 159
4.29 Trust Attributed to Foreign Media and Religious
Authority by the Very Low through Very High
Modernity Groups 160
4.30 Number and Durati on of Trips Abroad by Very Low
through Very High Modernity Groups 161
Illustrations xiii
4.31 Media Groups Modernity Levels: Low and High Local
Media Versus Low and High Foreign Media 163
4.32 Low and High Media Exposure Groups Compared
on Modernity, Foreign, Local, and Regional
Media Exposure 164
4.33 Media Groups Levels of Modernity: Local/Regional
Versus Local/Regional/Foreign 166
4.34 Local Media Religious Content: Correlations with Stress 168
5.1 MedialmpactonModernityandDevelopment:
A Schematic Model 201
A. 1 Local Radio Exposure in each Country 221
A. 2 ArabandForeignRadioExposureineach Country 222
A. 3 Average Degrees of Credibility Attributed to Gulf Radios
in each Country 224
A. 4 Average Degrees of Credibility Attributed to Foreign
Radios in each Country 225
A. 5 Average Degrees of Credibility Attributed to Arab
and Foreign Radios 226
A. 6 Average Hours Devoted Weekly to Gulf Radios
in each Country 227
A. 7 Average Hours Devoted Weekly to Foreign Radios
in each Country 228
A. 8 Average Hours Devoted Weekly to Arab and Foreign
Radios in each Country 229
A. 9 Gulf Television Exposure in each Country 235
A. 10 Average Hours Devoted Weekly to Gulf Television
in each Country 236
A. 11 Number of Respondents Exposed and Average Hours
Devoted Weekly to Non Gulf TVs in each Country 237
A.12 Arab Video Exposure 238
A.13 Arab and Foreign Video Exposure in each Country 239
A. 14 Average Hours Devoted Weekly to Arab and Foreign
Videos in each Country 2
A. 15 NewspaperExposure in each Country 242
A. 16 Average Hours Devoted Weekly to Newspapers
in each Country 243
A. 17 Arab and Foreign Magazine Exposure in each Country 245
A. 18 Average Hours Devoted Weekly to Magazines
in each Country
xiv Illustrations
TABLES
1.1 Summary of Alternative Explanations of Development
and Modernization Advanced by Modernization
and Dependency Theories; Classical Marxism 61
3.1 Average Item to Scale Correlations Reported by Inkeles
and Smith 108
3.2 Average Item to Scale Correlations Pertaining to the
Gulf Survey Scales 108
3.3 Reliability Coefficients of the Gulf Survey Scales
Attained on Different Reliability Tests 109
3.4 Gulf Countries Development Levels as Shown by World
Bank Data and Their Modernity Levels as Shown by
the Gulf Survey Scales 110
3.5 Samples Location, Affiliation, and Size 118
5.1 EstimatedRespondentPopulationsinEach Country 210
5.2 Sample Size Relative to That of Their Corresponding
Groups and the Latter sSize Relative to the
Population Size of Each Country 210
C. 1 Correlations of Media, Time Spent with Media,
and Modernity 257
C. 2 Correlations between Local Media Content
and Modernity 258
C.3 Correlationsbetween Regional andForeign Media
Content and Modernity 259
C.4 Correlations between Modernity relevant Factors
and Modernity 260
C. 5 Low and High Modernity Group Differences: Number
ofMedia 261
C.6 Low and High Modernity GroupDifferences: Time
Spent with Media 262
C.7 Low and High Modernity GroupDifferences: Local
Media Content 263
C.8 Low and High Modernity GroupDifferences: Regional
Media Content 264
C.9 Low and High Modernity GroupDifferences: Foreign
Media Content 265
CIO Low and High Modernity GroupDifferences: Media
Composites and Modernity relevant Factors 266
C.ll Correlations between Local Media Content and Stress 267
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| spelling | Kazan, Fayad E. Verfasser aut Mass media, modernity, and development Arab states of the Gulf Fayad E. Kazan 1. publ. Westport, Conn. u.a. Praeger 1993 XXIII, 291 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd rswk-swf Modernisierung (DE-588)4120755-5 gnd rswk-swf Golfstaaten (DE-588)4021571-4 gnd rswk-swf Golfstaaten (DE-588)4021571-4 g Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 s Modernisierung (DE-588)4120755-5 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006156523&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kazan, Fayad E. Mass media, modernity, and development Arab states of the Gulf Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd Modernisierung (DE-588)4120755-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4037877-9 (DE-588)4120755-5 (DE-588)4021571-4 |
| title | Mass media, modernity, and development Arab states of the Gulf |
| title_auth | Mass media, modernity, and development Arab states of the Gulf |
| title_exact_search | Mass media, modernity, and development Arab states of the Gulf |
| title_full | Mass media, modernity, and development Arab states of the Gulf Fayad E. Kazan |
| title_fullStr | Mass media, modernity, and development Arab states of the Gulf Fayad E. Kazan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mass media, modernity, and development Arab states of the Gulf Fayad E. Kazan |
| title_short | Mass media, modernity, and development |
| title_sort | mass media modernity and development arab states of the gulf |
| title_sub | Arab states of the Gulf |
| topic | Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd Modernisierung (DE-588)4120755-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Massenmedien Modernisierung Golfstaaten |
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