Productivity of terrestrial animals: principals and methods
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Blackwell
1970
|
| Schriftenreihe: | International Biological Programme: IBP handbook
13 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 190 S. |
| ISBN: | 0632056703 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV009071073 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20040325 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 940227s1970 |||| 00||| ger d | ||
| 020 | |a 0632056703 |9 0-632-05670-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)299782196 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV009071073 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a ger | |
| 049 | |a DE-29T |a DE-M49 |a DE-19 |a DE-Grf2 |a DE-188 | ||
| 084 | |a WI 5000 |0 (DE-625)148868: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Petrusewicz, Kazimierz |d 1906-1982 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)122262255 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Productivity of terrestrial animals |b principals and methods |c K. Petrusewicz and A. MacFadyen |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Blackwell |c 1970 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 190 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a International Biological Programme: IBP handbook |v 13 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Animal - Ecologie - Ecosysteme - Mesure - Production - Productivite - Secondaire - Terrestre | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Animaux - Populations | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Industrie animale |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Productivité biologique | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Productivité biologique |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Sekundärproduktion (Biologie) |2 swd | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Écologie animale |2 ram | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sekundärproduktion |g Biologie |0 (DE-588)4180801-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Sekundärproduktion |g Biologie |0 (DE-588)4180801-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Macfadyen, Amyan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 830 | 0 | |a International Biological Programme: IBP handbook |v 13 |w (DE-604)BV036831935 |9 13 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006008773&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006008773 | ||
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804123483397947392 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................ix
Preface ....................................................................................................xi
1. THE IDEA OF PRODUCTIVITY............................................ 1
1.1 The basic concepts of an energy budget................................................ 1
1.2 Production (P), standing crop (B) and tornoTer (0)............................ 5
1.3 Types of productivity studies and their objectives................................10
2. MEASUREMENTS, UNITS IN PRODUCTIVITY
STUDIES, THEIR DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS .15
2.1 About terminology in general................................................................15
2.2 List of definitions and symbols of more important concepts ............18
2.2.1 Concepts of ecological productivity sensu stricto ............................18
2.2.1.1 Main concepts of metabolic balance ..........................................................................................18
2.2.1.2 Other productivity concepts..............................................................................................................20
2.2.2 Concepts of general ecology used in productivity studies................21
2.2.2.1 Time in ecological research..............................................................................................................21
2.2.2.2 Number of animals .............................................................................................................................22
2.2.2.3 Weight and biomass.............................................................................................................................23
2.2.2.4 Natality and mortality........................................................................................................................24
2.2.2.5 Turnover—0......................................................................_„..........................._....................................25
2.2.3 Ecological units investigated..............................................................~26
23 Units of measurement in productivity studies ....................................26
2.4 The hierarchy of ecological groupings investigated ............................29
iv Contents
3. MEASUREMENT OF EMPIRICAL ECOLOGICAL
DATA AND DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS................32
3.1 Number of organisms ............................................................................32
3.1.1 Numbers (N) ........................................................................................32
3.1.2 Determination of numbers (N)............................................................32
3.1.2.1 Total count....................................................................................................................33
3.1.2.2 Sample counts .........................................................................................................................35
3.1.2.3 Catch-mark-recatch (CMR) methods...................................................................................39
3.1.2.4 Special methods..............................................................................................................41
3.1.3 Average numbers (N) and number of individual-days (NT) ........42
3.1.4 Number of discrete individuals (v) present in a population
during time T ........................................................................................44
3.2 Weight and biomass................................................................................49
3.2.1 Measurement of weight ........................................................................49
3.2.2 Individual growth and rate of weight gain........................................52
3.2.2.1 Average daily weight gain............................................ 54
3.2.2.2 Instantaneous weight gain rate ...........................................................56
3.2.3 Biomass....................................................................................................58
3.2.4 Energy: calorific determinations ........................................................59
33 Longevity, survival, and other important parameters ........................63
3.3.1 Time in ecological research....................................................................63
3.3.2 Survivorship curve and mortality........................................................66
4. MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCTION ................................69
4.1 General principles....................................................................................69
4.2 Population production due to reproduction (Pr)
and the number of young born (vr)........................................................71
4.2.1 Principles for the determination of the number of newborn............72
4.2.1.1 By means of average daily birth rate (b) 72
4.2.1.2 The calculation of the number of newborn on the
assumption of exponential population growth............................................. .........74
4.2.1.3 Discussion of the principles involved in calculating the
number of individuals born into a population......................................................76
Contents v
4.2.1.4 Calculation of the number of individuals born (j,r) in relation
to changes in the numbers and mortality of pregnant females.......................................80
4.2.2 Production of newborn ........................................................................82
4.3 Production of a cohort ........................................................................ 84
4.4 Estimation of production based on specific growth rate.................... 90
4.4.1 Average daily growth gain ................................................................ 90
4.4.2 Instantaneous growth rate.................................................................... 92
4.5 Estimations of production based on specific longevity........................ 94
5. THE STUDY OF FOOD AND FEEDING IN
RELATION TO ECOLOGY .................................................... 97
5.0 The objectives and principles of ecological feeding studies................ 97
5.1 Consumption of food: qualitative aspects and food selection............ 99
5.1.1 Direct observation, feeding................................................................100
5.1.2 Identification of cuticular plant remains in faeces............................101
5.1.3 Gut content analysis: dead and living animals................................101
5.1.4 Laboratory studies of food preference................................................101
5.2 Quantitative measurement of consumption........................................102
5.2.1 Laboratory type methods....................................................................103
5.2.2 Field-based estimations........................................................................103
5.2.2.1 Methods based on faeces production 103
5.2.2.2 Population consumption estimated from
laboratory assimilation and faeces production ..........................104
5.3 Interactions between food stocks and
the organisms feeding on them............................................................104
5.4 Digestive efficiency and the ratio of
assimilation to consumption................................................................106
5.4.1 Principles and examples ....................................................................106
5.4.2 The effect of environmental factors on
assimilation level and efficiency ........................................................107
5.4.3 The influence of food characteristics of digestive efficiency............108
vi Contents
5.4.4 The influence of internal physiological
factors on digestive efficiency............................................................109
5.4.5 Examples of the determination of digestive efficiency
from the ratio of faeces to consumption............................................110
6. THE STUDY OF RESPIRATION AND ENERGY
FLOW IN RELATION TO SECONDARY
PRODUCTION................................................................................112
6.0 Introduction............................................................................................112
6.1 Laboratory respiration measurements on individual animals............114
6.1.1 Principles: calorimetry and respiratory exchange............................114
6.1.2 Calorimetry............................................................................................117
6.1.3 Oxygen consumption............................................................................119
6.1.3.1 Analytical methods............................................................................................................................119
6.1.3.2 Constant volume methods..............................................................................................................120
6.1.3.3 Compensating respirometers........................................................................................................120
6.1.3.4 Constant pressure respirometers ..............................................................................................124
6.1.3.5 Cartesian diver respirometers ....................................................................................................125
6.1.4 Carbon dioxide evolution....................................................................126
6.1.4.1 Analytical methods............................................................................................................................126
6.1.4.2 Manometric methods......................................................................................................................127
6.1.5 Comparison of sensitivity and use of different
methods of respiration measurement................................................129
6.2 Factors affecting the application of respiration
measurements to laboratory populations............................................129
6.2.1 Factors to which respiration data must be related............................129
6.2.2 The influence of population factors on respiration rate ................129
6.2.3 The influence of life cycle factors on respiration rate........................130
6.2.4 The influence of factors in the physical
environment on respiration rate........................................................134
6.2.5 Synthesis of laboratory respiration data............................................138
63 Measurement of respiration rate in field
populations: direct methods................................................................139
Contents vii
6.3.1 Telemetry of characteristics which
are related to respiration rate............................................................140
6.3.2 Measurement of elimination rates (including
the biological half-life of isotopes)....................................................141
6.3.3 Direct calorimetry in the field............................................................146
6.4 Indirect calculation of field energy flow from
the combination of field and laboratory data........................................148
6.4.1 Problems of extrapolation from field to laboratory........................148
6.4.2 The effect of environmental factors on respiration rate....................148
6.4.3 Synthesis of population and respiration rate data
to estimate total field population metabolism ................................150
7. THE PLACE OF SECONDARY PRODUCERS
IN THE ECOSYSTEM................................................................152
7.1 The trophic level concept and its imperfections....................................152
7.2 Secondary production in relation to primary production....................154
7.3 The contribution of secondary producers to
energy and nutrient flow through ecosystems ....................................158
APPENDIX ....................................................................................159
A. Conversions between units............................................................159
B. Constants and useful quantities....................................................159
C. Composite quantities ....................................................................160
D. Calorific equivalents and gaseous exchange associated
with die combustion of common foodstuffs and
organic compounds........................................................................160
E. Calorific and gaseous exchange of some common foods
(in calories and g of gas per g of substance)................................161
F. Table of calorific contents and equivalents of
carbohydrate, fat and protein........................................................162
REFERENCES................................................................................163
INDEX ................................................................................................177
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Petrusewicz, Kazimierz 1906-1982 Macfadyen, Amyan |
| author_GND | (DE-588)122262255 |
| author_facet | Petrusewicz, Kazimierz 1906-1982 Macfadyen, Amyan |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Petrusewicz, Kazimierz 1906-1982 |
| author_variant | k p kp a m am |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV009071073 |
| classification_rvk | WI 5000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)299782196 (DE-599)BVBBV009071073 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01924nam a2200445 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV009071073</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20040325 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">940227s1970 |||| 00||| ger d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0632056703</subfield><subfield code="9">0-632-05670-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)299782196</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV009071073</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-29T</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M49</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Grf2</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">WI 5000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)148868:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Petrusewicz, Kazimierz</subfield><subfield code="d">1906-1982</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)122262255</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Productivity of terrestrial animals</subfield><subfield code="b">principals and methods</subfield><subfield code="c">K. Petrusewicz and A. MacFadyen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Oxford</subfield><subfield code="b">Blackwell</subfield><subfield code="c">1970</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XII, 190 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">International Biological Programme: IBP handbook</subfield><subfield code="v">13</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Animal - Ecologie - Ecosysteme - Mesure - Production - Productivite - Secondaire - Terrestre</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Animaux - Populations</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Industrie animale</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Productivité biologique</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Productivité biologique</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sekundärproduktion (Biologie)</subfield><subfield code="2">swd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Écologie animale</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sekundärproduktion</subfield><subfield code="g">Biologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4180801-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sekundärproduktion</subfield><subfield code="g">Biologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4180801-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Macfadyen, Amyan</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">International Biological Programme: IBP handbook</subfield><subfield code="v">13</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV036831935</subfield><subfield code="9">13</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006008773&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006008773</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV009071073 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:30:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0632056703 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006008773 |
| oclc_num | 299782196 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-Grf2 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-Grf2 DE-188 |
| physical | XII, 190 S. |
| publishDate | 1970 |
| publishDateSearch | 1970 |
| publishDateSort | 1970 |
| publisher | Blackwell |
| record_format | marc |
| series | International Biological Programme: IBP handbook |
| series2 | International Biological Programme: IBP handbook |
| spelling | Petrusewicz, Kazimierz 1906-1982 Verfasser (DE-588)122262255 aut Productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods K. Petrusewicz and A. MacFadyen Oxford Blackwell 1970 XII, 190 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International Biological Programme: IBP handbook 13 Animal - Ecologie - Ecosysteme - Mesure - Production - Productivite - Secondaire - Terrestre Animaux - Populations Industrie animale ram Productivité biologique Productivité biologique ram Sekundärproduktion (Biologie) swd Écologie animale ram Sekundärproduktion Biologie (DE-588)4180801-0 gnd rswk-swf Sekundärproduktion Biologie (DE-588)4180801-0 s 1\p DE-604 Macfadyen, Amyan Verfasser aut International Biological Programme: IBP handbook 13 (DE-604)BV036831935 13 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006008773&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Petrusewicz, Kazimierz 1906-1982 Macfadyen, Amyan Productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods International Biological Programme: IBP handbook Animal - Ecologie - Ecosysteme - Mesure - Production - Productivite - Secondaire - Terrestre Animaux - Populations Industrie animale ram Productivité biologique Productivité biologique ram Sekundärproduktion (Biologie) swd Écologie animale ram Sekundärproduktion Biologie (DE-588)4180801-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4180801-0 |
| title | Productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods |
| title_auth | Productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods |
| title_exact_search | Productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods |
| title_full | Productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods K. Petrusewicz and A. MacFadyen |
| title_fullStr | Productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods K. Petrusewicz and A. MacFadyen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods K. Petrusewicz and A. MacFadyen |
| title_short | Productivity of terrestrial animals |
| title_sort | productivity of terrestrial animals principals and methods |
| title_sub | principals and methods |
| topic | Animal - Ecologie - Ecosysteme - Mesure - Production - Productivite - Secondaire - Terrestre Animaux - Populations Industrie animale ram Productivité biologique Productivité biologique ram Sekundärproduktion (Biologie) swd Écologie animale ram Sekundärproduktion Biologie (DE-588)4180801-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Animal - Ecologie - Ecosysteme - Mesure - Production - Productivite - Secondaire - Terrestre Animaux - Populations Industrie animale Productivité biologique Sekundärproduktion (Biologie) Écologie animale Sekundärproduktion Biologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006008773&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV036831935 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT petrusewiczkazimierz productivityofterrestrialanimalsprincipalsandmethods AT macfadyenamyan productivityofterrestrialanimalsprincipalsandmethods |